scholarly journals Plant Polyamines

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 511
Author(s):  
Taku Takahashi
Keyword(s):  
Potential Role ◽  
Positive Charge ◽  
Cinnamic Acids ◽  
Exciting Field ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Charged Macromolecules ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Polyamine Oxidation

Polyamines are small organic compounds found in all living organisms. According to the high degree of positive charge at physiological pH, they interact with negatively charged macromolecules, such as DNA, RNA, and proteins, and modulate their activities. In plants, polyamines, some of which are presented as a conjugated form with cinnamic acids and proteins, are involved in a variety of physiological processes. In recent years, the study of plant polyamines, such as their biosynthetic and catabolic pathways and the roles they play in cellular processes, has flourished, becoming an exciting field of research. There is accumulating evidence that polyamine oxidation, the main catabolic pathway of polyamines, may have a potential role as a source of hydrogen peroxide. The papers in this Special Issue highlight new discoveries and research in the field of plant polyamine biology. The information will help to stimulate further research and make readers aware of the link between their own work and topics related to polyamines.

scholarly journals The HSP90 Family: Structure, Regulation, Function, and Implications in Health and Disease

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (9) ◽  
pp. 2560 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdullah Hoter ◽  
Marwan El-Sabban ◽  
Hassan Naim
Keyword(s):  
Potential Role ◽  
General Structure ◽  
Cell Cycle Control ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Regulation Function ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Structure Regulation ◽  
And Function ◽  
Cellular Compartments

The mammalian HSP90 family of proteins is a cluster of highly conserved molecules that are involved in myriad cellular processes. Their distribution in various cellular compartments underlines their essential roles in cellular homeostasis. HSP90 and its co-chaperones orchestrate crucial physiological processes such as cell survival, cell cycle control, hormone signaling, and apoptosis. Conversely, HSP90, and its secreted forms, contribute to the development and progress of serious pathologies, including cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, targeting HSP90 is an attractive strategy for the treatment of neoplasms and other diseases. This manuscript will review the general structure, regulation and function of HSP90 family and their potential role in pathophysiology.

Development of manganese dioxide-based nanoprobe for fluorescent detection and imaging of glutathione

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Qaitoon ◽  
Jiaxi Yong ◽  
Zexi Zhang ◽  
Jie Liu ◽  
Zhi Ping Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Manganese Dioxide ◽  
Fluorescent Detection ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Living Organisms

Tripeptide glutathione (GSH) is an abundant and ubiquitous metabolite in living organisms and plays critical roles in various cellular processes. In this work, we report the development of a new...

scholarly journals Effect of Flotation Time and Collector Dosage on Estonian Phosphorite Beneficiation

Minerals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 114
Author(s):  
Kadriann Tamm ◽  
Zeinab Arab Zadeh ◽  
Rein Kuusik ◽  
Juha Kallas ◽  
Jason Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phosphate Rock ◽  
Froth Flotation ◽  
Fine Fraction ◽  
The European Union ◽  
High Recovery ◽  
Know How ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Reliable Source ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
The Relationship

Phosphorus is an essential and non-substitutable element for the cellular processes of all living organisms. The main source of phosphorus in the biosphere is phosphate rock. With more than 700 Mt phosphate rock, Estonia holds the largest sedimentary phosphate rock deposits in the European Union. Estonian phosphate rock is particularly outstanding due to its remarkably low content of hazardous heavy metals such as Cadmium (<5 ppm) and trace elements of Uranium (<50 ppm). It is also a reliable source of valuable elements such as rear earth elements (REEs). The aim of this study was to investigate the distribution of the main minerals (apatite and quartz) between slimes, tailings, and concentrates that formed at the froth flotation of Estonian phosphate rock with the up-to-date level of know-how and techniques. Subsequently, the relationship between the obtained grades and recovery levels in concentrates was determined based on the collector dosage and flotation duration. It was observed that the fine fraction of the tailings contains 17.9–33.49 wt% P2O5 that can be added to the final product. Moreover, it was found that, with the lower dosage of the collector, the extended flotation time does not influence the phosphate grade and a high amount of quartz remains in the concentrates. It was also shown that, by raising the collector dosage and setting the flotation time, an adequate grade (>32 wt% P2O5) and recovery (up to 98%) can be gained. The results showed that Estonian phosphate rock can be beneficiated to produce a high-quality concentrate at high recovery levels by modifying the main flotation parameters depending on the properties of the ore.

Toxicity And Surface Modification Of Dendrimers: A Critical Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rohini Kharwade ◽  
Payal Badole ◽  
Nilesh Mahajan ◽  
Sachin More
Keyword(s):  
Surface Modification ◽  
Positive Charge ◽  
Haematological Toxicity ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Hemolytic Toxicity ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Core Functionality ◽  
Polymeric Structures

: As compared to other nano polymers, dendrimers have novel three dimensional, synthetic hyperbranched, nano-polymeric structures. The characteristic of these supramolecular dendritic structures has a high degree of significant surface as well as core functionality in the transportation of drugs for targeted therapy, specifically in host-guest response, gene transfer therapy and imaging of biological systems. However, there are conflicting shreds of evidence regarding biological safety and dendrimers toxicity due to their positive charge at the surface. It includes cytotoxicity, hemolytic toxicity, haematological toxicity, immunogenicity and in vivo toxicity. Therefore to resolve these problems surface modification of the dendrimer group is one of the methods. From that point, this review involves different strategies which reduce the toxicity and improve the biocompatibility of different types of dendrimers. From that viewpoint, we broaden the structural and safe characteristics of the dendrimers in the biomedical and pharmaceutical fields.

An integrated view of innate immune mechanisms in C. elegans

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin W. Harding ◽  
Jonathan J. Ewbank
Keyword(s):  
Innate Immune ◽  
Innate Immune Responses ◽  
Fully Integrated ◽  
Immune Mechanisms ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Model Animal ◽  
Molecular Specificity ◽  
Simple Notion

The simple notion ‘infection causes an immune response' is being progressively refined as it becomes clear that immune mechanisms cannot be understood in isolation, but need to be considered in a more global context with other cellular and physiological processes. In part, this reflects the deployment by pathogens of virulence factors that target diverse cellular processes, such as translation or mitochondrial respiration, often with great molecular specificity. It also reflects molecular cross-talk between a broad range of host signalling pathways. Studies with the model animal C. elegans have uncovered a range of examples wherein innate immune responses are intimately connected with different homeostatic mechanisms, and can influence reproduction, ageing and neurodegeneration, as well as various other aspects of its biology. Here we provide a short overview of a number of such connections, highlighting recent discoveries that further the construction of a fully integrated view of innate immunity.

scholarly journals Autophagy is activated in the ovarian tissue of polycystic ovary syndrome

Reproduction ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 155 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Da Li ◽  
Yue You ◽  
Fang-Fang Bi ◽  
Tie-Ning Zhang ◽  
Jiao Jiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Ovarian Tissue ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Response To Stress

The importance of autophagy in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)-related metabolic disorders is increasingly being recognized, but few studies have investigated the role of autophagy in PCOS. Here, transmission electron microscopy demonstrated that autophagy was enhanced in the ovarian tissue from both humans and rats with PCOS. Consistent with this, ovarian granulosa cells from PCOS rats showed increases in the autophagy marker protein light chain 3B (LC3B), whereas levels of the autophagy substrate SQSTM1/p62 were decreased. In addition, the ratio of LC3-II/LC3-I was markedly elevated in human PCOS ovarian tissue compared with normal ovarian tissue. Real-time PCR arrays indicated that 7 and 34 autophagy-related genes were down- and up-regulated in human PCOS , Signal-Net, and regression analysis suggested that there are a wide range of interactions among these 41 genes, and a potential network based on EGFR, ERBB2, FOXO1, MAPK1, NFKB1, IGF1, TP53 and MAPK9 may be responsible for autophagy activation in PCOS. Systematic functional analysis of 41 differential autophagy-related genes indicated that these genes are highly involved in specific cellular processes such as response to stress and stimulus, and are linked to four significant pathways, including the insulin, ERBB, mTOR signaling pathways and protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum. This study provides evidence for a potential role of autophagy disorders in PCOS in which autophagy may be an important molecular event in the pathogenesis of PCOS.

scholarly journals The Role of Prokineticin 2 in Oxidative Stress and in Neuropathological Processes

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberta Lattanzi ◽  
Cinzia Severini ◽  
Daniela Maftei ◽  
Luciano Saso ◽  
Aldo Badiani
Keyword(s):  
Pain Perception ◽  
G Protein Coupled Receptors ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Prokineticin 2 ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Double Function ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
G Protein Coupled

The prokineticin (PK) family, prokineticin 1 and Bv8/prokineticin 2 (PROK2), initially discovered as regulators of gastrointestinal motility, interacts with two G protein-coupled receptors, PKR1 and PKR2, regulating important biological functions such as circadian rhythms, metabolism, angiogenesis, neurogenesis, muscle contractility, hematopoiesis, immune response, reproduction and pain perception. PROK2 and PK receptors, in particular PKR2, are widespread distributed in the central nervous system, in both neurons and glial cells. The PROK2 expression levels can be increased by a series of pathological insults, such as hypoxia, reactive oxygen species, beta amyloid and excitotoxic glutamate. This suggests that the PK system, participating in different cellular processes that cause neuronal death, can be a key mediator in neurological/neurodegenerative diseases. While many PROK2/PKRs effects in physiological processes have been documented, their role in neuropathological conditions is not fully clarified, since PROK2 can have a double function in the mechanisms underlying to neurodegeneration or neuroprotection. Here, we briefly outline the latest findings on the modulation of PROK2 and its cognate receptors following different pathological insults, providing information about their opposite neurotoxic and neuroprotective role in different pathological conditions.

scholarly journals Clinical Importance of Wnt5a in the Pathogenesis of Colorectal Cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Mehran Pashirzad ◽  
Thozhukat Sathyapalan ◽  
Amirhossein Sahebkar
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Clinical Importance ◽  
Signaling Cascades ◽  
Cancer Type ◽  
Invasion And Metastasis ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Wnt5a Expression ◽  
Noncanonical Signaling

Wnt5a is one of the potent signaling molecules that initiates responses involved in cancer through activation of both canonical and noncanonical signaling cascades. Wnt5a both directly and indirectly triggers cancer-associated signaling pathways based on the cancer type. In colorectal cancer (CRC), altering Wnt5a expression can influence several cellular processes of tumor cells, including proliferation, differentiation, migration, invasion, and metastasis. This review summarizes the molecular mechanisms and clinical importance of Wnt5a in the pathogenesis of CRC for better understanding the pathogenesis and its potential role as a prognostic marker and as an appropriate therapeutic target in the treatment of this disease in the future.

scholarly journals Quantitative Assessment of Organic And Inorganic Contaminants In Charcoal Applied for Food Processing

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zbigniew Jelonek ◽  
Monika Fabiańska ◽  
Iwona Jelonek
Keyword(s):  
Toxic Elements ◽  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Moderate Degree ◽  
Inorganic Contaminants ◽  
Low Degree ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
High Degree

Abstract Thirty-one batches of commercial charcoal from various regions of Poland and Germany were tested for the presence of twenty toxic elements and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) using gas chromatography - mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Elements that are toxic to living organisms were determined using atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). They were classified as elements representing a very high degree of hazard (As, Cd, Cu, Hg, and Pb), high degree of hazard (Zn, Ba, Cr, Mn, and Mo), moderate degree of hazard (Co, Ni, Sn, and Te), and a low degree of hazard for living organisms and the environment (Ag, Bi, Ce, Se, Sr, and Zr). When it comes to the most toxic elements, the highest concentration in the whole tested material was recorded for Cu. In addition, considerable amounts of Ba, Mn, and Sr, i.e., elements representing high or moderate degree of hazard, were found in the tested charcoals. Moreover, all charcoals contained a wide range of PAHs, from naphthalene to benzo(ghi)perylene, with concentrations in the range between 12.55 and 3554.11 ng/g of charcoal. In total, 25 unsubstituted PAHs were identified in the charcoal extracts. PAHs distributions were dominated by 5-ring PAHs. The results indicate the high carcinogenicity with ∑PAHcarc/∑PAHtot close to 1, as well as high TEQ and MEQ values. Thus, prolonged exposure to charcoal and charcoal dust might cause serious health problems. This applies to employees actively involved in the production and transport of charcoal, and, to a lesser extent, also to users of this fuel.

Abstract P141: GYY4137, a H 2 S Donor, Normalizes miR-132 Targeted Sirt1 and Ace2 Expression to Improve Kidney Function in Hypertension

Hypertension ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 68 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory Weber ◽  
Sathnur Pushpakumar ◽  
Utpal Sen
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Kidney Function ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Sirtuin 1 ◽  
Ang Ii ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Epigenetic Gene Silencing ◽  
Increased Blood Flow

MicroRNAs regulate several physiological processes and are implicated in various pathologies, including hypertension. Previous work indicates miR-132 targets Sirtuin 1 (Sirt1), a histone deacetylase and regulator of epigenetic gene silencing in various cellular processes. Sirt1 is expressed in the kidney; however, its role in hypertensive kidney and whether it is regulated by physiological gaseous molecules, such as hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S), is not known. In this study, we sought to determine the role of miR-132 in regulating Sirt1, Ace2 and At1 in hypertensive kidney and whether H 2 S donor, GYY4137 (GYY), could reverse these effects and mitigates renal dysfunction. Wild-type mice were treated without or with Ang-II (1000 ng/Kg/Min) and GYY (133 μM) for 4 weeks. Quantitative PCR, Western blot, and immunofluorescence assays were performed. Increased expression levels of miR-132 in hypertensive mice (3.79 fold vs control) were reduced in mice receiving GYY treatment (2.43 fold vs control). Sirt1 expression was reduced (-1.15 fold) in Ang-II mice but was upregulated in GYY (1.25 fold) and Ang-II+GYY (1.9 fold) groups. A similar effect was seen with Sirt1 protein where the expression was increased in animals treated with GYY and Ang-II+GYY (1.16, 1.03 respectively) compared to Ang-II (0.47). Ace2 in Ang-II+GYY (0.45) was increased compared to Ang-II (0.17), while At1 was reduced (0.46) compared to Ang-II (0.86). Immunofluorescence showed decreased signal of Sirt1 in the glomerulus in Ang-II mice and increased At1 in the blood vessels surrounding the glomerulus, leading to constriction of renal artery, decreased blood flow, and kidney dysfunction. These effects were alleviated in mice treated with GYY. Our data suggests that upregulation of miR-132 in hypertensive kidney decreases Sirt1 and Ace2 expression, leading to increased Ang-II signaling through the At1 receptor and GYY supplementation reverses these expression patterns, leading to increased blood flow and kidney function.

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