scholarly journals Investigation of Chitosan Nanoparticles Loaded with Protocatechuic Acid (PCA) for the Resistance of Pyricularia oryzae Fungus against Rice Blast

Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 177 ◽  
Author(s):  
The Pham ◽  
Thi Nguyen ◽  
Thuan Thi ◽  
Thanh-Truc Nguyen ◽  
Tien Le ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rice Blast ◽  
Protocatechuic Acid ◽  
Chitosan Nanoparticles ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Pyricularia Oryzae ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Ir Analysis

In this study, chitosan nanoparticles were used as a carrier for Protocatechuic acid (PCA) to resist Pyricularia oryzae against rice blast. The final compound was characterized using zeta potentials for its surface electricity, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) analysis and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were conducted for functional groups and for particle sizes and shape, respectively. The zeta potential results showed that loading PCA causes chitosan nanoparticle (CSNP) to decrease in surface electrons. The TEM images revealed that the particle size of chitosan (CS), although increasing in size when carrying PCA molecules, showed sufficient size for reasonable penetration into fungal cells. The FT-IR analysis showed that all functional group in CSNP carried PCA matched with previous studies. The antifungal test showed that diameters of inhibition zone of CS increases significantly after loading PCA, exhibiting the strongest antimicrobial effect on the Pyricularia oryzae fungus compared with weaker effects exhibited by CSNP alone or PCA. Our results suggested that CSNP loaded with PCA could be a potential compound for eradication of Pyricularia oryzae and that further testing on in vitro rice plants is recommended to reaffirm this possibility.

scholarly journals The Effect of Cellulose Acetate in the Inhibition of Bacteria: an Alternative for Antimicrobial Resistance

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (9) ◽  
pp. 23-31
Author(s):  
Ileana Nichita ◽  
Lavinia Lupa ◽  
Radu Valentin Gros ◽  
Aurelia Visa ◽  
Adriana Popa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Cellulose Acetate ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Ft Ir

Cellulose acetate (CA) is one of the most important esters of cellulose and it was analyzed by means of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and EDX spectra. The FT-IR spectrum presented both the C=O and C�O stretching bands for acetyl groups. The EDX spectrum confirms the presence of C and O elements. The SEM image presented a spongy structure that is important for many applications. The antimicrobial properties of cellulose acetate solutions in acetic acid were determined in tests on two gram-negative species (Pseudomonas aeruginosa - ATCC 27853 and Escherichia coli - ATCC 25822), two gram-positive species (Staphylococus aureus - ATCC 29213 and Streptococcus pyogenes - ATCC 19615) and yeast species (Candida albicans - ATCC 10231). We have shown that samples of cellulose acetate solutions in acetic acid can be used to fight microbial and fungal infections. Of the gram-positive species tested, the strongest antimicrobial effect was observed against S. aureus. The diameter of inhibition zones of cellulose acetate solutions in acetic acid (P1 and P2) for S. aureus far exceeded inhibition zone both of reference substance (gentamicin) and of acetic acid solutions (M1 and M2), given values between 3.15 cm (P1) and 3.55 cm (P2). Also, the results suggested that the studied solutions (P1 and P2) had an antimicrobial effect pronounced for gram-negative species as P. aeruginosa, in which the P1 sample gave an inhibition zone of 2.95 cm, and the P2 sample achieved an inhibition of 3.15 cm. So, the antimicrobial activity of cellulose acetate solutions tested in vitro had a good antimicrobial effect, proportional to the concentration of the active substance.

scholarly journals ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY AND BIOGENIC SYNTHESIS OF SELENIUM NANOPARTICLES USING THE LEAF EXTRACT OF ALOE VERA

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jay Vyas ◽  
Shafkat Rana
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Aloe Vera ◽  
Selenium Nanoparticles ◽  
Spherical Particles ◽  
Elemental Selenium ◽  
Biogenic Synthesis ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Ir Analysis ◽  
Chemoprevention Agent

Objective: The objective of this present study were to the biogenic synthesis of selenium nanoparticles using Aloe vera extract and check it’s antioxidant potential by ABTS, DPPH and FRAP assays.Methods: In this study we investigated the clove of Aloe vera, which is used for the synthesis of selenium nanoparticles were characterized by using UV-Visible (UV-VIS) spectrophotometer, Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform spectroscopy (FTIR) and Energy dispersive X-Ray spectroscopy (EDAX) and ABTS, DPPH and FRAP assays for checked it’s antioxidant potential.Results: The present study was carried out to synthesis of Selenium nanoparticles using extract of Aloe vera. UV-Vis Spectra at 350 nm with Aloe vera extract and observed as hollow and spherical particles in size ranging 7-48 nm which is found more stable more than two months. EDAX analysis was carried out to check the presoak of Selenium in nanoparticles. Results of EDAX, confirmed its present. TEM and SEAD represented addition evidence of formation of nanoparticles whereas SEAD indicates the particles were crystalline in nature. FT-IR analysis was carried out to identify the possible bio molecules and Aloe vera extract-metal ions interaction responsible for formation and stabilization of selenium nanoparticles. FRAP, ABTS and DPPH assay results sequester that Selenium nanoparticles prepared using Aloe vera extract possess more activity than extract alone.Conclusion: The bio molecules of Aloe veraextract acted as stabilizing as well as capping agent leading to the formation of Selenium nanoparticles. Selenite has been proven to have antioxidant activity and is being used as chemoprevention agent in cancer diagnosis but same time it is toxic also. Elemental Selenium i.e. Selenium nanoparticles are less toxic form of selenium. 

scholarly journals Application of Magnetic Nanoparticles with Structure of Core-shell, as Bactericidal

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 01-04
Author(s):  
Mansour Binandeh
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Nanoparticles ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Correlation Method ◽  
Core Shell ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Chemical Correlation ◽  
Ir Analysis ◽  
The Magnetic Field

Initially, magnetic nanoparticles (MNP) Fe3O4 are synthesized by a chemical correlation method and its core / shell structure is detected using SEM, FT-IR analysis. The purpose of this production was to use the nanoparticle performance level in the absorption of antibiotics, namely, ampicillin (amp). Absorption sampling was analyzed by UV-Vis spectrophotometer and the results indicate that the absorbance of the ampere increases to 85%. The bond between these two is electrostatic bonding, which was confirmed by EDX analysis. Ultimately, this compound was used for the antibacterial process. In this case, the MNP-amp compound was added in a natural amount of 20 μl a bacterial culture pattern overnight (In-vitro). The results showed that 95% of the bacteria were killed (confirmation of antibacterial properties of MNP). Therefore, it can be transmitted intentionally by controlling the magnetic field into living cells for the destruction of pathogenic bacteria.

PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF GLYCYRRHETINIC ACID-MODIFIED POLOXAMER 188/CHITOSAN NANOPARTICLES

NANO ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 08 (04) ◽  
pp. 1350042 ◽  
Author(s):  
JING WANG ◽  
LI GUO ◽  
LI FANG MA
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Drug Loading ◽  
Chitosan Nanoparticles ◽  
Spherical Shape ◽  
Glycyrrhetinic Acid ◽  
Poloxamer 188 ◽  
H Nmr ◽  
Ft Ir

In this paper, we firstly synthesized glycyrrhetinic acid-modified double amino-terminated poloxamer 188 (GA–NH–POLO–NH–GA). The structure of the synthesized compound was confirmed by 1H-NMR and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. Then the nanoparticles composed of GA–NH–POLO–NH–GA/chitosan (GA–NH–POLO–NH–GA/CTS) were prepared by an ionic gelation process. The characterization of the nanoparticles was measured by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results showed that the nanoparticles were well dispersed with a spherical shape and the particle size was distributed between 100 nm and 300 nm. The cytotoxicity based on MTT assay against cells (QGY-7703 cells and L929 cells) showed that the nanoparticles had low toxicity and good biocompatibility. The encapsulation efficiency and drug loading of 5-fluorouracil-loaded nanoparticles (5-FU nanoparticles) were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and fluorescence spectroscopy, ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) absorbance. The encapsulation of 5-Fu-loaded CTS nanoparticles was 12.8% and the drug loading was 2.9%, while the encapsulation of 5-Fu-loaded GA–NH–POLO–NH–GA/CTS nanoparticles was 20.9% and the drug loading was 3.36%. The release profile showed that the GA–NH–POLO–NH–GA/CTS nanoparticles were available for sustained release of 5-Fu. The GA–NH–POLO–NH–GA/CTS nanoparticles have a higher affinity to the QGY-7703 cells, so indicated that the GA–NH–POLO–NH–GA/CTS nanoparticles have the capacity of liver-targeting in vitro.

scholarly journals FT-IR analysis of Sapium ellipticum (Hochst) pax ethanol leaf extract and its inhibitory effects on pancreatic α-amylase and intestinal α-glucosidase activities in vitro

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 343-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Osasenaga Macdonald Ighodaro ◽  
Oluseyi Adeboye Akinloye ◽  
Regina Ngozi Ugbaja ◽  
Samuel Olatunbosun Omotainse ◽  
Opeyemi Faokunla
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Ir Analysis

scholarly journals Acid Rain Increases Impact of Rice Blast on Crop Health via Inhibition of Resistance Enzymes

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 881
Author(s):  
Hong-Ru Li ◽  
Hui-Min Xiang ◽  
Jia-Wen Zhong ◽  
Xiao-Qiao Ren ◽  
Hui Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acid Rain ◽  
Rice Blast ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Pyricularia Oryzae ◽  
Plant Pathogen Interaction ◽  
Rice Leaves ◽  
Decreasing Ph ◽  
Crop Health ◽  
Cultivation Experiment

Worldwide, rice blast (Pyricularia oryzae) causes more rice crop loss than other diseases. Acid rain has reduced crop yields globally for nearly a century. However, the effects of acid rain on rice-Pyricularia oryzae systems are still far from fully understood. In this study, we conducted a lab cultivation experiment of P. oryzae under a series of acidity conditions as well as a glasshouse cultivation experiment of rice that was inoculated with P. oryzae either before (P. + SAR) or after (SAR + P.) simulated acid rain (SAR) at pH 5.0, 4.0, 3.0 and 2.0. Our results showed that the growth and pathogenicity of P. oryzae was significantly inhibited with decreasing pH treatments in vitro culture. The SAR + P. treatment with a pH of 4.0 was associated with the highest inhibition of P. oryzae expansion. However, regardless of the inoculation time, higher-acidity rain treatments showed a decreased inhibition of P. oryzae via disease-resistance related enzymes and metabolites in rice leaves, thus increasing disease index. The combined effects of high acidity and fungal inoculation were more serious than that of either alone. This study provides novel insights into the effects of acid rain on the plant–pathogen interaction and may also serve as a guide for evaluating disease control and crop health in the context of acid rain.

scholarly journals Chitosan Nanoparticles as a Percutaneous Drug Delivery System for Hydrocortisone

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haliza Katas ◽  
Zahid Hussain ◽  
Tay Chai Ling
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Delivery System ◽  
Chitosan Nanoparticles ◽  
Entrapment Efficiency ◽  
Ionic Crosslinking ◽  
Low Molecular Weight Chitosan ◽  
Permeation Studies ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs

Hydrocortisone (HC) has formed the mainstay for the management of atopic dermatitis. Hence, HC-loaded chitosan nanoparticles were prepared by ionic crosslinking of high, low molecular weight chitosan (HMwt, LMwt CS) and N-trimethyl chitosan (TMC) with tripolyphosphate. HC loading into CS nanoparticles was confirmed by FT-IR. The particle size of HC-loaded HMwt, LMwt, and TMC nanoparticles was increased from243±12,147±11,and124±9 nm to337±13,222±14,and195±7 nm, respectively, by increasing the pH of CS solution. Their respective zeta potential and entrapment efficiency (EE) were significantly decreased by increasing the pH of CS solution. The swelling ratios of HC loaded HMwt, LMwt, and TMC NPs were increased when the pH of incubating media (PBS) was increased. The same increasing trend was observed in particle size and EE of HC loaded as the CS concentration was increased. The HC loaded CS NPs were generally nonspherical.In-vitropermeation studies showed that HC was efficiently released from the CS NPs in QV cream while in aqueous cream CS NPs provided a sustained release for HC. Thus, it is anticipated that CS NPs are the promising delivery system for anti-inflammatory drugs.

In vitro evaluation of bio-agents against Pyricularia oryzae (Cav.) causing rice blast disease

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
Akhilesh Kumar Kulmitra ◽  
Neha Sahu ◽  
V.B. Sanath Kumar ◽  
Thejesha A. G. ◽  
Amlan Ghosh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Pseudomonas Fluorescens ◽  
Rice Blast ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Trichoderma Viride ◽  
Culture Technique ◽  
Pyricularia Oryzae ◽  
Blast Disease ◽  
Dual Culture

The five different bio-agents viz., Trichoderma viride, T. harzianum, T. virens, Pseudomonas fluorescens and Bacillus subtilis were evaluated against Pyricularia oryzae at four and eight days after incubation through dual culture technique. Among the five different bio-agents, highest per cent inhibition of mycelial growth of fungus was recorded in T. virens i.e. 67 per cent and 70 percent after four and eight days after incubation respectively with mean of 68.5 per cent followed by Trichoderma viride with the inhibition of 61 and 63 per cent respectively with mean of 62 per cent. The Pseudomonas fluorescens did not show any inhibition of mycelial growth of P. oryzae as the pathogen over grew the bio-agents.

scholarly journals In Vitro and FTIR Spectroscopy: Local Black Fruit Seed Extract as Antibacterial Aeromonas Hydrophila

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 92-98
Author(s):  
Yori Turu Toja ◽  
Eddy Suprayitno ◽  
Aulanni’am ◽  
Uun Yanuhar
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Aeromonas Hydrophila ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Seed Extract ◽  
Water Fraction ◽  
Natural Treatment ◽  
Ft Ir

Indonesia has many local plants with potential as herbal antibacterial properties, one of which is the local black fruit of Wandama. The objective of this study is to determine the antibacterial activity of the extract of black fruit seed against A. Hydrophila by in vitro and FTIR by Tilapia. The benefit of this research is to make black fruit seed extract as a natural remedy against tilapia attacked by Aeromonas Hydrophila. The antibacterial activity of black fruit seed extract against A. Hydrophila is investigated in vitro and using FTIR on tilapia in this research. The aim of this study is to establish black fruit seed extract as a natural treatment for tilapia infected with Aeromonas Hydrophila. The disc approach was used to conduct the in vitro research. Agar medium was poured into a sterile petri dish, and 2 drops of bacteria from the liquid medium were uniformly distributed and cooled. On the press, disc paper with black fruit seed extract was put and incubated for 18-24 hours at 35 C. An FTS 1000 version spectrophotometer system was used for the FTIR test. For the FT-IR study, a fraction of dried black fruit seeds was used. For clear preparation, 100 mg of dry extract is condensed in KBr pellets. A specimen of loaded black fruit seed samples was analyzed using FT-IR spectroscopy with a scanning range of 400-4000 cm-1 and a resolution of 4 cm-1. The results showed that the ethyl acetate fraction produced an inhibition zone (13.65 mm), the water fraction produced an inhibition zone (11.21 mm), and the n-hexane fraction produced the weakest inhibition zone (11.21 mm) (5.31mm). The concentration test results from 125 ppm, 250 ppm, 500 ppm and 1000 ppm obtained a large inhibition zone at a concentration of 1000 ppm with an inhibition zone area of 11.43 + 0.02. The absorbance value of black fruit seed extract in ethyl acetate solvent at 3430 cm-1 revealed the absorption band with the strongest vibration of the hydroxylate (-OH) functional group, according to FTIR research. Final thoughts with an average value of 13.65 + 0.06, black fruit seed extract using ethyl acetate can inhibit A. Hydrophila bacteria.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Effect Of Honey Distributed Around Pasar Minggu Jakarta Selatan

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-106
Author(s):  
Ruth Elenora Kristanty ◽  
Junie Suriawati ◽  
Priyanto Dwi Nugroho
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Food Product ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Bacteria Growth ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Almost All

Honey is a highly nutritious food product and consumed by almost all the population in the world. It has a function as an antimicrobial. Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is a common Gram-positive bacteria in food and Escherichia coli (E. coli) is a Gram-negative bacteria that often appears in environmental sanitation issues that both can cause infectious diseases.  Some infectious diseases can be treated with antimicrobials such as honey. The purpose of this study was to test the antimicrobial effects on honey products distributed in Pasar Minggu area. The antimicrobial effect test was performed in vitro using agar diffusion method by measuring the inhibition zone formed where the bacteria growth was inhibited by the presence of sample. The concentration of samples were 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% (not diluted) and as aquades control. The results showed that honey tested with various dilution concentrations resulted inhibition zone and. The higher concentration of the inhibited zone zone showed antimicrobial activity against S. aureus and E. coli.

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