scholarly journals Mechanical Properties of Boehmeria nivea Natural Fabric Reinforced Epoxy Matrix Composite Prepared by Vacuum-Assisted Resin Infusion Molding

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabio da Costa Garcia Filho ◽  
Fernanda Santos da Luz ◽  
Lucio Fabio Cassiano Nascimento ◽  
Kestur Gundappa Satyanarayana ◽  
Jaroslaw Wieslaw Drelich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Natural Fibers ◽  
Ramie Fiber ◽  
Resin Infusion ◽  
Lignocellulosic Fibers ◽  
Boehmeria Nivea ◽  
Fabric Composites ◽  
Epoxy Matrix Composite ◽  
Efficient Alternative

Natural lignocellulosic fibers and corresponding fabrics have been gaining notoriety in recent decades as reinforcement options for polymer matrices associated with industrially applied composites. These natural fibers and fabrics exhibit competitive properties when compared with some synthetics such as glass fiber. In particular, the use of fabrics made from natural fibers might be considered a more efficient alternative, since they provide multidirectional reinforcement and allow the introduction of a larger volume fraction of fibers in the composite. In this context, it is important to understand the mechanical performance of natural fabric composites as a basic condition to ensure efficient engineering applications. Therefore, it is also important to recognize that ramie fiber exhibiting superior strength can be woven into fabric, but is the least investigated as reinforcement in strong, tough polymers to obtain tougher polymeric composites. Accordingly, this paper presents the preparation of epoxy composite containing 30 vol.% Boehmeria nivea fabric by vacuum-assisted resin infusion molding technique and mechanical behavior characterization of the prepared composite. Obtained results are explained based on the fractography studies of tested samples.

scholarly journals Mechanical Properties of a Biocomposite Based on Carbon Nanotube and Graphene Nanoplatelet Reinforced Polymers: Analytical and Numerical Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (9) ◽  
pp. 234
Author(s):  
Marwane Rouway ◽  
Mourad Nachtane ◽  
Mostapha Tarfaoui ◽  
Nabil Chakhchaoui ◽  
Lhaj El Hachemi Omari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aspect Ratio ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Turbine Blades ◽  
Natural Fibers ◽  
Computational Method ◽  
Wind Turbine Blades ◽  
Reinforced Polymer ◽  
Analytical Approaches

Biocomposites based on thermoplastic polymers and natural fibers have recently been used in wind turbine blades, to replace non-biodegradable materials. In addition, carbon nanofillers, including carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs), are being implemented to enhance the mechanical performance of composites. In this work, the Mori–Tanaka approach is used for homogenization of a polymer matrix reinforced by CNT and GNP nanofillers for the first homogenization, and then, for the second homogenization, the effective matrix was used with alfa and E-glass isotropic fibers. The objective is to study the influence of the volume fraction Vf and aspect ratio AR of nanofillers on the elastic properties of the composite. The inclusions are considered in a unidirectional and random orientation by using a computational method by Digimat-MF/FE and analytical approaches by Chamis, Hashin–Rosen and Halpin–Tsai. The results show that CNT- and GNP-reinforced nanocomposites have better performance than those without reinforcement. Additionally, by increasing the volume fraction and aspect ratio of nanofillers, Young’s modulus E increases and Poisson’s ratio ν decreases. In addition, the composites have enhanced mechanical characteristics in the longitudinal orientation for CNT- reinforced polymer and in the transversal orientation for GNP-reinforced polymer.

Polyurethane derived from castor oil reinforced with long cotton fibers: Static and dynamic testing of a novel eco-friendly composite material

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (22) ◽  
pp. 3125-3142
Author(s):  
Romeu RC da Costa ◽  
Eduardo S Sato ◽  
Marcelo L Ribeiro ◽  
Ricardo de Medeiros ◽  
André FC Vieira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Composite Material ◽  
Castor Oil ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Glass Fibers ◽  
Natural Fibers ◽  
Dynamic Responses ◽  
Cotton Fibers ◽  
The Novel

A novel eco-friendly composite material made of polyurethane derived from castor oil reinforced with long cotton fibers was developed. A set of comparative analyses comprising static and dynamic tests was established using specimens made of castor oil-based polyurethane reinforced by glass fibers, and epoxy reinforced by glass and cotton fibers. The manufacturing method and estimation of fiber volume fraction of the specimens were described in detail. Tensile and flexural tests were performed to evaluate the mechanical performance of the novel laminate. Fractographic post-mortem examinations assessed the quality of the fiber–matrix interaction and allowed direct observation of the failure modes. Surface treatment of natural fibers appears necessary to improve the adhesion of the natural fibers to the matrix. Dynamic responses are discussed, considering natural frequencies and modal damping coefficients. In this context, the potentialities and the limitations of using the novel eco-friendly composite material as structural parts are discussed.

scholarly journals Influence of Rigid Brazilian Natural Fiber Arrangements in Polymer Composites: Energy Absorption and Ballistic Efficiency

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (8) ◽  
pp. 201
Author(s):  
Fabio C. Garcia Filho ◽  
Fernanda S. Luz ◽  
Michelle S. Oliveira ◽  
Wendell B. A. Bezerra ◽  
Josiane D. V. Barbosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymer Composites ◽  
Energy Absorption ◽  
Natural Fiber ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Matrix Composites ◽  
Lignocellulosic Fibers ◽  
Efficiency Performance ◽  
Epoxy Matrix Composite ◽  
Polymeric Matrix Composites ◽  
Armor System

Since the mid-2000s, several studies were carried out regarding the development of ballistic resistant materials based on polymeric matrix composites reinforced with natural lignocellulosic fibers (NLFs). The results reported so far are promising and are often comparable to commonly used materials such as KevlarTM, especially when used as an intermediate layer in a multilayer armor system (MAS). However, the most suitable configuration for these polymer composites reinforced with NLFs when subjected to high strain rates still lacks investigation. This work aimed to evaluate four possible arrangements for epoxy matrix composite reinforced with a stiff Brazilian NLF, piassava fiber, regarding energy absorption, and ballistic efficiency. Performance was evaluated against the ballistic impact of high-energy 7.62 mm ammunition. Obtained results were statistically validated by means of analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey’s honest test. Furthermore, the micromechanics associated with the failure of these composites were determined. Energy absorption of the same magnitude as KevlarTM and indentation depth below the limit predicted by NIJ standard were obtained for all conditions.

The Effect of Guide Sleeves on Shear Behavior of 3D Weaving Composites

2014 ◽  
Vol 597 ◽  
pp. 89-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Chuan Wu ◽  
Zhong De Shan ◽  
Feng Liu ◽  
Yuan Wang
Keyword(s):  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Shear Behavior ◽  
Bending Test ◽  
Fracture Mechanisms ◽  
Study Guide ◽  
Fiber Layer ◽  
Resin Infusion ◽  
Interlaminar Shear ◽  
Shear Behaviors ◽  
3D Weaving

In this study, guide sleeves are brought into 3D weaving composite preforms. The process vacuum assisted resin infusion (VARI) was used to fabricate the 3D weaving composite with guide sleeves. The load-deflection curves and shear behaviors of the 3D weaving composites with guide sleeves were obtained by means of the 3-point bending test. The fracture micrographs of the materials were studied by SEM. The effects of guide sleeves’ diameter and interval on the shear behavior and fracture mechanisms of the 3D weaving composites were analyzed. The results showed that the guide sleeves could prevent delamination effectively by bridging fiber layer and pinning crack extending along the fiber layer. Fracture toughness of the composite parts increase because of deformation, fracture of guide sleeves and debonding of interface. The diameter and interval of guide sleeves is smaller, which means the volume fraction of guide sleeves is higher, the interlaminar shear strength higher for the bridging is stronger.

A new strategy to improve ramie degumming based on removal of the xylan branched structure

2021 ◽  
pp. 004051752110449
Author(s):  
Huihui Wang ◽  
Tong Shu ◽  
Pandeng Li ◽  
Yun Bai ◽  
Mengxiong Xiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Removal Rate ◽  
Natural Fibers ◽  
Green Manufacturing ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Ramie Fiber ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Acetyl Xylan Esterase ◽  
Degumming Process ◽  
Main Component ◽  
Engineered Strain

Ramie fiber is known as the “king of natural fibers,” and the key to its wide application is efficient and green manufacturing. Microbial degumming has gradually become a hot area of research due to its environmental protection and mild operating conditions. However, some gummy materials remain after microbial degumming. Xylan is the main component of residual gums; its acetylated branched chains create the space barrier that makes the removal of hemicellulose difficult during ramie degumming. An acetyl xylan esterase (AXE) was obtained from Bacillus pumilus and characterized to solve this problem. Its optimum temperature and pH were 35°C and 8.0, respectively, and it had good temperature and pH stability. These properties were consistent with the conditions of ramie degumming and they laid a foundation for the application of AXE in ramie degumming. Besides, an engineered strain with a high activity of AXE was constructed successfully on the basis of the wild-type degumming strain Pectobacterium carotovorum HG-49 and used for ramie degumming. The removal rate of hemicellulose and total gums by the engineered strain increased by 4.89% and 2.53%, respectively, compared with that of the wild-type strain. Moreover, the role of this AXE in ramie degumming was further proven by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. This study showed that AXE played an important role in the removal of hemicellulose in the degumming process of ramie fibers, thus providing a promising degumming strategy for ramie and other bast fiber plants.

Micromechanical analysis of effective mechanical properties of graphene/ZrO2-hybrid poly (methyl methacrylate) nanocomposites

2021 ◽  
pp. 251659842110388
Author(s):  
Ankit Rathi ◽  
S. I. Kundalwal
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Methacrylate ◽  
Elastic Properties ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Effective Elastic Properties ◽  
Poly Methyl Methacrylate ◽  
Three Phase ◽  
Effective Mechanical Properties

In this study, the tensile properties of two-phase and three-phase graphene/ZrO2-hybrid poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) nanocomposites are investigated by developing finite element model using ANSYS. Primarily, the effective elastic properties of two- and three-phase graphene/ZrO2-hybrid PMMA nanocomposites (GRPCs) are estimated by developing mechanics of material (MOM) model. Results indicated that the effective elastic properties of GRPCs increase with an increase in the volume fraction of graphene. Also, the stiffness of GRPCs is increased by 78.12% with increasing in the volume fraction of graphene from 0.1 to 0.5 Vf. The incorporation of an additional ZrO2 interphase significantly improved the mechanical performance of resulting GRPCs.

Development of Banana/Coir Natural Fibers Reinforced Polypropylene Hybrid Composites: The Effect of MA-g-PP (Maleic Anhydride Grafted Polypropylene) on Mechanical Properties and Thermal Properties

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 85-97
Author(s):  
Gunturu Bujjibabu ◽  
Vemulapalli Chittaranjan Das ◽  
Malkapuram Ramakrishna ◽  
Konduru Nagarjuna
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Coupling Agent ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Hybrid Composites ◽  
Natural Fibers ◽  
Mechanical Tests ◽  
Coir Fiber ◽  
Banana Fiber ◽  
C Fibers

Banana/Coir fiber reinforced polypropylene hybrid composites was formulated by using twin screw extruder and injection molding machine. Specimens were prepared untreated and treated B/C Hybrid composites with 4% and 8% of MA-g-PP to increase its compatibility with the polypropylene matrix. Both the without MA-g-PP and with MA-g-PP B/C hybrid composites was utilized and three levels of B/C fiber loadings 15/5, 10/10 and 5/15 % were used during manufacturing of B/C reinforced polypropylene hybrid composites. In this work mechanical performance (tensile, flexural and impact strengths) of untreated and treated (coupling agent) with 4% and 8% of MA-g-PP B/C fibers reinforced polypropylene hybrid composite have been investigated. Treated with MA-g-PP B/C fibers reinforced specimens explored better mechanical properties compared to untreated B/C fibers reinforced polypropylene hybrid composites. Mechanical tests represents that tensile, flexural and impact strength increases with increase in concentration of coupling agent compared to without coupling agent MA-g-PP hybrid composites . B/C fibers reinforced polymer composites exhibited higher tensile, flexural and impact strength at 5% of Banana fiber, 15% of fiber Coir in the presence of 8% of MA-g-PP compared to 4% of MA-g-PP and untreated hybrid composites. The percentage of water absorption in the B/C fibers reinforced polypropylene hybrid composites resisted due to the presence of coupling agent MA-g-PP and thermogravimetry analysis (TGA) also has done.

Low-Density Phenolic Syntactic Foams: Processing and Properties

2007 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 229-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bibin John ◽  
C.P. Reghunadhan Nair ◽  
K.N. Ninan
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Resin ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Mechanical Analysis ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Syntactic Foams ◽  
Novolac Resin ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Volume Percentage ◽  
Propargyl Ether

Low-density phenolic syntactic foams with different volume percentages of microballoons were processed and their mechanical performance has been evaluated in terms of tensile, flexural, compressive and the corresponding specific properties. Tensile and flexural strength increased with volume fraction of microballoon and optimized at 72–74 percentage by volume of microballoon. Both the properties decreased with further addition of microballoon. The corresponding specific properties also manifested a similar order. Compressive and specific compressive strength decreased with increase in microballoon volume percentage. The flexural and compressive modulus values followed the same trend as the strength values. The properties of phenolic syntactic foams were compared with syntactic foams based on an addition cure phenolic resin, Propargyl Ether Novolac resin (PN). The mechanical properties of the latter were inferior to those of phenolic syntactic foams. The morphology of the failed samples as examined by SEM showed that failure occurred by a combination of matrix and microballoon failure at low microballoon loading whereas it occurred by microballoon cracking and resin to microballoon debonding at high concentration of filler. The dynamic mechanical analysis of phenolic and PN resin syntactic foams showed a higher use temperature for PN system in comparison to phenolic.

Cotton-Epoxy Composites: Development and Mechanical Characterization

2011 ◽  
Vol 471-472 ◽  
pp. 291-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piyush P. Gohil ◽  
A.A. Shaikh
Keyword(s):  
Natural Fiber ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Fiber Composite ◽  
Natural Fibers ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Feasible Range ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Natural Fiber Composite

Composites are becoming essential part of today’s material because they offer advantages such as low weight, corrosion resistance, high fatigue strength; faster assembly etc. composites are generating curiosity and interest all over the worlds. The attempts can be found in literature for composite materials high strength fiber and also natural fiber like jute, flax and sisal natural fibers provides data but there is need of experimental data availability for unidirectional natural fiber composite with seldom natural fiber like cotton, palm leaf etc., it can provide a feasible range of alternative materials to suitable conventional material. It was decided to carry out the systematic experimental study for the effect of volume fraction of reinforcement on longitudinal strength as well as Modulus of Elasticity (MOE) using developed mould-punch set up and testing aids. The testing is carried out as per ASTM D3039/3039M-08. The comparative assessment of obtained experimental results with literature is also carried out, which forms an important constituent of present work. It is also observed through SEM images and theoretical investigations that interface/interphase plays and important role in natural fiber composite.

scholarly journals Mechanical Performance Under Various Conditions of 3D Printed Polylactide Composites With Natural Fibers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karolina E. Mazur ◽  
Aleksandra Borucka ◽  
Paulina Kaczor ◽  
Szymon Gądek ◽  
Stanislaw Kuciel
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Natural Fibers ◽  
Crystallization Rate ◽  
Mechanical Tests ◽  
Hydrothermal Degradation ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Additive Methods

Abstract In the study, polylactide-based (PLA) composites modified with natural particles (wood, bamboo, and cork) and with different levels of infilling (100%, 80%, and 60%) obtained by additive methods were tested. The effect of type fiber, infill level and crystallization rate on the mechanical properties were investigated by using tensile, flexural, and impact tests. The materials were subjected to mechanical tests carried out at 23 and 80 °C. Furthermore, hydrothermal degradation was performed, and its effect on the properties was analyzed. The addition of natural fillers and different level of infilling result in a similar level of reduction in the properties. Composites made of PLA are more sensitive to high temperature than to water. The decrease in Young's modulus of PLA at 80 °C was 90%, while after 28 days of hydrodegradation ~ 9%. The addition of fibers reduced this decrease at elevated temperatures. Moreover, the impact strength has been improved by 50% for composites with cork particles and for other lignocellulosic composites remained at the same level as for resin.

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