scholarly journals Application and Mechanism of Sludge-Based Activated Carbon for Phenol and Cyanide Removal from Bio-Treated Effluent of Coking Wastewater

Processes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yali Liu ◽  
Han Cheng ◽  
Yueting He
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Kinetic Model ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Coking Wastewater ◽  
Order Kinetic ◽  
Average Pore ◽  
Treated Effluent ◽  
Volatile Phenol

The toxic pollutants phenol and cyanide in the bio-treated effluent of coking wastewater still need advanced treatment to meet environmental requirements. In this study, activated carbon prepared from municipal sludge and bamboo waste (SBAC) was used for simultaneous adsorption of phenol and cyanide from bio-treated effluent of coking wastewater. The results showed that the optimum removal efficiencies of volatile phenol (69.7%) and total cyanide (80.1%) were observed at a SBAC dosage of 8 g/L, a pH value of 8.0, and a contact time of 80 min. The physical and chemical properties of SBAC were analyzed using Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area (SBET), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. SBAC had high SBET (289.58 m2/g) and rich mesoporous structure (average pore diameter of 3.688 nm), and carboxylic groups on SBAC surfaces were enhanced due to the addition of bamboo waste. In addition, a kinetic model of pseudo-first-order fitted well with the experimental data of volatile phenol, while the adsorption of total cyanide onto the SBAC was better described by a pseudo-second-order kinetic model.

scholarly journals Preparation of High-Performance Activated Carbon from Coffee Grounds after Extraction of Bio-Oil

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 257
Author(s):  
Jie Ren ◽  
Nanwei Chen ◽  
Li Wan ◽  
Guojian Li ◽  
Tao Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Average Pore Size ◽  
Total Pore Volume ◽  
Micropore Volume ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Average Pore ◽  
Activation Temperature ◽  
Coffee Grounds ◽  
Bio Oil

In this study, a new method for economical utilization of coffee grounds was developed and tested. The resulting materials were characterized by proximate and elemental analyses, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and N2 adsorption–desorption at 77 K. The experimental data show bio-oil yields reaching 42.3%. The optimal activated carbon was obtained under vacuum pyrolysis self-activation at an operating temperature of 450 °C, an activation temperature of 600 °C, an activation time of 30 min, and an impregnation ratio with phosphoric acid of 150 wt.%. Under these conditions, the yield of activated carbon reached 27.4% with a BET surface area of 1420 m2·g−1, an average pore size of 2.1 nm, a total pore volume of 0.747 cm3·g−1, and a t-Plot micropore volume of 0.428 cm3·g−1. In addition, the surface of activated carbon looked relatively rough, containing mesopores and micropores with large amounts of corrosion pits.

Effect of Modification with Nitric Acid and Hydrogen Peroxide on Chromium (VI) Adsorption by Activated Carbon Fiber

2012 ◽  
Vol 518-523 ◽  
pp. 2099-2103
Author(s):  
Guang Zhou Qu ◽  
Hai Bing Ji ◽  
Ran Xiao ◽  
Dong Li Liang
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Nitric Acid ◽  
Carbon Fiber ◽  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Adsorption Kinetics ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Activated Carbon Fiber ◽  
Order Kinetic ◽  
Adsorption Amount

The activated carbon fiber (ACF) was treated by different concentration nitric acid (HNO3) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) oxidization to enhance its adsorption capacity to hexavalent chromium (Cr6+) ion. The adsorption amount and adsorption kinetics of Cr6+ion on ACFs, and the surface chemical groups were investigated. The results showed that the modified ACFs with 1% HNO3and 10% H2O2had a better adsorption capacity, respectively. The adsorption amount of ACFs was affected strongly solution pH value, and decreased significantly with increasing of the pH value. The adsorption kinetics indicated that the adsorption rates of Cr6+ ion on different modified ACFs were well fitted with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. After 1% HNO3and 10% H2O2modification, respectively, the total acidic oxygen-containing groups on ACFs surface had an increase obviously, which might be enhance the adsorption amount of Cr6+ion on ACFs.

Nanoparticle Fe3O4 magnetized activated carbon from Armeniaca sibirica shell for the adsorption of Hg(II) ions

BioResources ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 6100-6120
Author(s):  
Yinan Hao ◽  
Yanfei Pan ◽  
Qingwei Du ◽  
Xudong Li ◽  
Ximing Wang
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Freundlich Isotherm ◽  
Entropy Change ◽  
Isotherm Models ◽  
Order Kinetic ◽  
Adsorption Parameters ◽  
Initial Concentration

Armeniaca sibirica shell activated carbon (ASSAC) magnetized by nanoparticle Fe3O4 prepared from Armeniaca sibirica shell was investigated to determine its adsorption for Hg2+ from wastewater. Fe3O4/ASSAC was characterized using XRD (X-ray diffraction), FTIR (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy), SEM (scanning electron microscopy), and BET (Brunauer–Emmett–Teller). Optimum adsorption parameters were determined based on the initial concentration of Hg2+, reaction time, reaction temperature, and pH value in adsorption studies. The experiment results demonstrated that the specific surface area of ASSAC decreased after magnetization; however the adsorption capacity and removal rate of Hg2+ increased 0.656 mg/g and 0.630%, respectively. When the initial concentration of Hg2+ solution was 250 mg/L and the pH value was 2, the adsorption time was 180 min and the temperature was 30 °C, and with the Fe3O4/ASSAC at 0.05 g, the adsorption reaching 97.1 mg/g, and the removal efficiency was 99.6%. The adsorption capacity of Fe3O4/ASSAC to Hg2+ was in accord with Freundlich isotherm models, and a pseudo-second-order kinetic equation was used to fit the adsorption best. The Gibbs free energy ΔGo < 0，enthalpy change ΔHo < 0, and entropy change ΔSo < 0 which manifested the adsorption was a spontaneous and exothermic process.

scholarly journals Preparation and Characterization of Nanoporous Activated Carbon Derived from Prawn Shell and Its Application for Removal of Heavy Metal Ions

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Guo ◽  
Yaqin Song ◽  
Xiaoyang Ji ◽  
Lili Ji ◽  
Lu Cai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Metal Ions ◽  
Heavy Metal Ions ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Average Pore Size ◽  
High Specific Surface Area ◽  
Koh Activation ◽  
Average Pore ◽  
Effects Of Ph

The aim of this study was to optimize the adsorption performance of activated carbon (AC), derived from the shell of Penaeus vannamei prawns, on heavy metal ions. Inexpensive, non-toxic, and renewable prawn shells were subjected to carbonization and, subsequently, KOH-activation to produce nanoporous K-Ac. Carbonized prawn shells (CPS) and nanoporous KOH-activated carbon (K-Ac) from prawn shells were prepared and characterized by FTIR, XRD, BET, SEM, and TEM. The results showed that as-produced K-Ac samples were a porous material with microporous and mesoporous structures and had a high specific surface area of 3160 m2/g, average pore size of about 10 nm, and large pore volume of 2.38 m3/g. Furthermore, batches of K-Ac samples were employed for testing the adsorption behavior of Cd2+ in solution. The effects of pH value, initial concentration, and adsorption time on Cd2+ were systematically investigated. Kinetics and isotherm model analysis of the adsorption of Cd2+ on K-Ac showed that experimental data were not only consistent with the Langmuir adsorption isotherm, but also well-described by the quasi-first-order model. Finally, the adsorption behaviors of as-prepared K-Ac were also tested in a ternary mixture of heavy metal ions Cu2+, Cr6+, and Cd2+, and the total adsorption amount of 560 mg/g was obtained.

scholarly journals Phenol adsorption on high microporous activated carbons prepared from oily sludge: equilibrium, kinetic and thermodynamic studies

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Mojoudi ◽  
N. Mirghaffari ◽  
M. Soleimani ◽  
H. Shariatmadari ◽  
C. Belver ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Pore Volume ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Polluted Water ◽  
Oily Sludge ◽  
Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Adsorption Desorption

AbstractThe purpose of this study was the preparation, characterization and application of high-performance activated carbons (ACs) derived from oily sludge through chemical activation by KOH. The produced ACs were characterized using iodine number, N2 adsorption-desorption, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The activated carbon prepared under optimum conditions showed a predominantly microporous structure with a BET surface area of 2263 m2 g−1, a total pore volume of 1.37 cm3 g−1 and a micro pore volume of 1.004 cm3 g−1. The kinetics and equilibrium adsorption data of phenol fitted well to the pseudo second order model (R2 = 0.99) and Freundlich isotherm (R2 = 0.99), respectively. The maximum adsorption capacity based on the Langmuir model (434 mg g−1) with a relatively fast adsorption rate (equilibrium time of 30 min) was achieved under an optimum pH value of 6.0. Thermodynamic parameters were negative and showed that adsorption of phenol onto the activated carbon was feasible, spontaneous and exothermic. Desorption of phenol from the adsorbent using 0.1 M NaOH was about 87.8% in the first adsorption/desorption cycle and did not decrease significantly after three cycles. Overall, the synthesized activated carbon from oily sludge could be a promising adsorbent for the removal of phenol from polluted water.

Removal of the Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals Nonylphenol from Water by Activated Carbon

2012 ◽  
Vol 178-181 ◽  
pp. 520-525
Author(s):  
Xiao Dong Wang ◽  
Yu Feng Xiao
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Pore Volume ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Absorption Capacity ◽  
Carbon Surface ◽  
Drinking Water Source ◽  
Adsorption Model ◽  
Average Pore ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting

Nonylphenol(NP) have endocrine disrupting effects and exist generally in drinking water source. Physical properties including surface area, average pore-diameter, and micro-pore volume and chemical structure of the activated carbon was characterized by N2 adsorption experiment and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Pore volume could be the most important for adsorption. The high O content of carbon surface lead a negative effect to absorption capacity and low pH value, low temperature lead a positive effect to adsorption. The effect of humus in water to the removal was also studied and EDCs-humus bi-component adsorption model was established, it was found that there is strong competition between EDCs and humus. Due to the competition adsorption capacity of NP greatly decreased especially when the concentration of NP is very low. The adsorption kinetics test results indicated that the adsorption of NP followed the first-order kinetics and the smaller diameter GAC could increase adsorption velocity.

scholarly journals Single and competitive adsorption of Cd(II) and Pb(II) from aqueous solution by activated carbon prepared with Salix matsudana Kiodz

2016 ◽  
Vol 74 (12) ◽  
pp. 2751-2761 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Shu ◽  
Kelin Li ◽  
Jinfeng Song ◽  
Bing Li ◽  
Chunfang Tang
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Total Pore Volume ◽  
Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Single Element ◽  
Acid Activation ◽  
Adsorption Model ◽  
Adsorption Selectivity ◽  
Average Pore ◽  
Salix Matsudana

In this study, Salix matsudana activated carbon (SAC) was prepared by phosphoric acid activation, and the adsorption characteristics of Cd(II) and Pb(II) on SAC in single- and double-component solutions were investigated. In both systems, the adsorption capacities of both ions on SAC increased with the increasing initial pH value and temperature in the solutions, and the adsorption equilibrium was approached at 10 min. The adsorption process was spontaneous, endothermic, and depicted well by the pseudo-second-order adsorption model, and the equilibrium adsorption fitted reasonably well with the Langmuir isotherm. The maximum adsorption capacity (Qm) of Cd(II) and Pb(II) was 58.48 and 59.01 mg/g, respectively, in the single-element systems. However, it reduced to 25.32 and 31.09 mg/g, respectively, in the double-element system. The physicochemical property analysis showed that the specific surface area, total pore volume, and average pore diameter of SAC was 435.65 m2/g, 35.68 mL/g, and 3.86 nm, respectively. The SAC contained groups of -OH, C = O, and P = O. Results suggest that SAC had a good performance for the adsorption of Cd(II) and Pb(II) from solution, and the adsorption selectivity sequence was Pb(II) &gt; Cd(II).

Characteristics and kinetics of hexavalent chromium reduction by gallic acid in aqueous solutions

2015 ◽  
Vol 71 (11) ◽  
pp. 1694-1700 ◽  
Author(s):  
ZiFang Chen ◽  
YongSheng Zhao ◽  
Qin Li
Keyword(s):  
Kinetic Model ◽  
Gallic Acid ◽  
Hexavalent Chromium ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Order Kinetic ◽  
First Order ◽  
Molar Ratios ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Order Kinetic Model ◽  
Pseudo First Order

Gallic acid (GA) is a naturally occurring plant polyphenol compound. Experiments were conducted to study the kinetics and effects of pH, temperature, irradiation, and initial hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) concentration on Cr(VI) reduction by GA. Results indicated that Cr(VI) could be reduced to chromium oxide (Cr(III)) with GA in a wide range of pH values from 2.0 to 8.5. The reaction followed a pseudo-first-order kinetic model with respect to Cr(VI) and GA in acid conditions (pH 2.0–5.0). However, the reaction did not follow the pseudo-first-order kinetic model at pH 6.5 and 8.5. Removal efficiencies and reaction rate constants of Cr(VI) significantly increased with decreasing pH value and increasing temperature. The effect of irradiation on Cr(VI) reduction increased with increasing pH, and irradiation improved the removal efficiency of Cr(VI) by 11.29% at pH 6.5. At pH 2.0, nearly all molar ratios of GA required for the reduction of Cr(VI) were 1:2 (±0.1) under different initial Cr(VI) concentrations; however, the molar ratios of GA required for the reduction of Cr(VI) were 1:1.29, 1:1.43, and 1:1.69, respectively, when the initial Cr(VI) concentrations were 10, 25, and 50 mg/L at pH 5.5.

scholarly journals Adsorptive Studies for the Removal of Crystal Violet Dye from Aqueous Solution by Using Cicca Acida L. Stem - Activated Carbon

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 436-443
Author(s):  
Sharmila Ramasamy ◽  
Anbarasu Kaliyaperumal ◽  
Thamilarasu Pommanaickar
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Kinetic Model ◽  
Crystal Violet ◽  
Order Kinetic ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Crystal Violet Dye ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Order Kinetic Model ◽  
Pseudo Second Order

Textile industries discharge wastewater containing various dyes including Crystal Violet dye. These dyes are very harmful for human beings, animals and plants. Therefore, the attempt is made for adsorption framework on elimination of crystal violet dye by using Cicca acida L. stem-activated carbon from aqueous solution carried out under various experimental methods and optimization conditions. Adsorption data modeled with Freundlich, Langmuir and Tempkin adsorption isotherms. Thermodynamic factors like as ∆Ho, ∆So and ∆Go were calculated, which indicated that the adsorption was spontaneous and endothermic nature. Based on kinetic study, pseudo-second order kinetic model was fit compared to the pseudo-first order kinetic model. The adsorbent has been characterized by SEM before and after adsorption of crystal violet dye solution.

scholarly journals Single-Stage Microwave-Assisted Coconut-Shell-Based Activated Carbon for Removal of Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) from Aqueous Solution: Optimization and Batch Studies

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Azrina Aziz ◽  
Mohamad Nasran Nasehir Khan ◽  
Mohamad Firdaus Mohamad Yusop ◽  
Erniza Mohd Johan Jaya ◽  
Muhammad Azan Tamar Jaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Radiation Power ◽  
Total Pore Volume ◽  
Single Stage ◽  
Coconut Shell ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Adsorption System ◽  
Average Pore ◽  
Preparation Conditions

This research aims to optimize preparation conditions of coconut-shell-based activated carbon (CSAC) and to evaluate its adsorption performance in removing POP of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT). The CSAC was prepared by activating the coconut shell via single-stage microwave heating under carbon dioxide, CO2 flow. The total pore volume, BET surface area, and average pore diameter of CSAC were 0.420 cm3/g, 625.61 m2/g, and 4.55 nm, respectively. The surface of CSAC was negatively charged shown by the zeta potential study. Response surface methodology (RSM) revealed that the optimum preparation conditions in preparing CSAC were 502 W and 6 min for radiation power and radiation time, respectively, which corresponded to 84.83% of DDT removal and 37.91% of CSAC’s yield. Adsorption uptakes of DDT were found to increase with an increase in their initial concentration. Isotherm study revealed that DDT-CSAC adsorption system was best described by the Langmuir model with monolayer adsorption capacity, Qm of 14.51 mg/g. The kinetic study confirmed that the pseudo-second-order model fitted well with this adsorption system. In regeneration studies, the adsorption efficiency had slightly dropped from 100% to 83% after 5 cycles. CSAC was found to be economically feasible for commercialization owing to its low production cost and high adsorption capacity.

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