scholarly journals Assessment of Gold Bio-Functionalization for Wide-Interface Biosensing Platforms

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (13) ◽  
pp. 3678
Author(s):  
Lucia Sarcina ◽  
Luisa Torsi ◽  
Rosaria Anna Picca ◽  
Kyriaki Manoli ◽  
Eleonora Macchia
Keyword(s):  
Single Molecule ◽  
Thin Film Transistor ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Gold Surface ◽  
Wide Field ◽  
Technical Potential ◽  
Multiple Biomarkers ◽  
Wide Interface ◽  
High Analytical Performance

The continuous improvement of the technical potential of bioelectronic devices for biosensing applications will provide clinicians with a reliable tool for biomarker quantification down to the single molecule. Eventually, physicians will be able to identify the very moment at which the illness state begins, with a terrific impact on the quality of life along with a reduction of health care expenses. However, in clinical practice, to gather enough information to formulate a diagnosis, multiple biomarkers are normally quantified from the same biological sample simultaneously. Therefore, it is critically important to translate lab-based bioelectronic devices based on electrolyte gated thin-film transistor technology into a cost-effective portable multiplexing array prototype. In this perspective, the assessment of cost-effective manufacturability represents a crucial step, with specific regard to the optimization of the bio-functionalization protocol of the transistor gate module. Hence, we have assessed, using surface plasmon resonance technique, a sustainable and reliable cost-effective process to successfully bio-functionalize a gold surface, suitable as gate electrode for wide-field bioelectronic sensors. The bio-functionalization process herein investigated allows to reduce the biorecognition element concentration to one-tenth, drastically impacting the manufacturing costs while retaining high analytical performance.

scholarly journals Tuneable wide-field illumination and single-molecule photoswitching with a single MEMS mirror

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucas Herdly ◽  
Paul Janin ◽  
Ralf Bauer ◽  
Sebastian van de Linde
Keyword(s):  
Single Molecule ◽  
Microelectromechanical Systems ◽  
Super Resolution ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Field Of View ◽  
Wide Field ◽  
Field Mode ◽  
Flat Field ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Single Molecule Localization Microscopy

Homogeneous illumination in single-molecule localization microscopy (SMLM) is key for the quantitative analysis of super-resolution images. Therefore, different approaches for flat-field illumination have been introduced as alternative to the conventional Gaussian illumination. Here, we introduce a single microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) mirror as a tuneable and cost-effective device for adapting wide-field illumination in SMLM. In flat-field mode the MEMS allowed for consistent SMLM metrics across the entire field of view. Employing single-molecule photoswitching, we developed a simple yet powerful routine to benchmark different illumination schemes on the basis of local emitter brightness and ON-state lifetime. Moreover, we propose that tuning the MEMS beyond optimal flat-field conditions enables to study the kinetics of photoswitchable fluorophores within a single acquisition.

Influence of mineral elements on the yield and quality of grain of the prospective line in winter tritikale

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
I.N. Voronchikhina ◽  
◽  
A.G. Marenkova ◽  
V. S. Rubets ◽  
V. V. Pylnev
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
Mineral Elements ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
High Potential ◽  
Winter Triticale ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Fertilizer System

The results of elements development of varietal agrotechnics of a new high-potential line 238h of winter triticale presented. It was identified that under the conditions of 2020 the most cost effective fertilizer system is an early spring application of NPK (S) (15-15-15 (10)) at a dose of 200kg/ha. The profitability level of this fertilizer was 88,9%.

Regulatory Issues in Pakistan Telecommunication

1998 ◽  
Vol 37 (4II) ◽  
pp. 873-882 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarfaraz Khan Quershi
Keyword(s):  
National Economy ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Market Forces ◽  
Global Trends ◽  
Regulatory Issues ◽  
Competitive Price ◽  
Modern Services ◽  
A Company ◽  
Telecom Infrastructure

Growth in telecom infrastructure and provision of modern telecom services to consumers at a cost based tariff helps growth of national economy. Modern telecoms serve as the engine of growth of national economy. Following the global trends of liberalisation and deregulation in telecoms monopolies which have thus far been providing inefficient communication at a greedily high tariffs are falling apart. Mergers in telecoms are not for increasing the size of the monopoly but to provide more efficient and cost effective services to the consumers. In Pakistan the erstwhile T&T department played a needful role at its time. Conversion of the department into a corporation and then into a company were steps necessary for following the global trends. Need now is to continue this trend further, eliminate the monopolistic approach by allowing more players in the field thus permitting the market forces to decide the provision of better quality of modern services at competitive price.

A Sample Preparation on Decapsulation Methodology for Effective Failure Analysis on Thin Small Leadless (TSLP) Flip Chip Package with Copper Pillar (CuP) Bump Interconnect Technology

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gwee Hoon Yen ◽  
Ng Kiong Kay
Keyword(s):  
Sample Preparation ◽  
Failure Analysis ◽  
Flip Chip ◽  
Fault Localization ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Fault Isolation ◽  
Voltage Contrast ◽  
Interconnect Technology

Abstract Today, failure analysis involving flip chip [1] with copper pillar bump packaging technologies would be the major challenges faced by analysts. Most often, handling on the chips after destructive chemical decapsulation is extremely critical as there are several failure analysis steps to be continued such as chip level fault localization, chip micro probing for fault isolation, parallel lapping [2, 3, 4] and passive voltage contrast. Therefore, quality of sample preparation is critical. This paper discussed and demonstrated a quick, reliable and cost effective methodology to decapsulate the thin small leadless (TSLP) flip chip package with copper pillar (CuP) bump interconnect technology.

Quality Improvement of the DNA extracted by boiling method in Gram negative bacteria

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (04) ◽  
pp. 5347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omar B. Ahmed* ◽  
Anas S. Dablool
Keyword(s):  
Dna Extraction ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Extraction Procedure ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Dna ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
E Coli

Several methods of Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) extraction have been applied to extract bacterial DNA. The amount and the quality of the DNA obtained for each one of those methods are variable. The study aimed to evaluate bacterial DNA extraction using conventional boiling method followed by alcohol precipitation. DNA extraction from Gram negative bacilli was extracted and precipitated using boiling method with further precipitation by ethanol. The extraction procedure performed using the boiling method resulted in high DNA yields for both E. coli and K. pneumoniae bacteria in (199.7 and 285.7μg/ml, respectively) which was close to control method (229.3 and 440.3μg/ml). It was concluded that after alcohol precipitation boiling procedure was easy, cost-effective, and applicable for high-yield quality of DNA in Gram-negative bacteria.

scholarly journals Comparing Super-Resolution Microscopy Techniques to Analyze Chromosomes

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 1903
Author(s):  
Ivona Kubalová ◽  
Alžběta Němečková ◽  
Klaus Weisshart ◽  
Eva Hřibová ◽  
Veit Schubert
Keyword(s):  
Single Molecule ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Chromatin Condensation ◽  
Super Resolution ◽  
Stimulated Emission ◽  
Wide Field ◽  
Structured Illumination Microscopy ◽  
Metaphase Chromosomes ◽  
Localization Microscopy ◽  
Super Resolution Microscopy

The importance of fluorescence light microscopy for understanding cellular and sub-cellular structures and functions is undeniable. However, the resolution is limited by light diffraction (~200–250 nm laterally, ~500–700 nm axially). Meanwhile, super-resolution microscopy, such as structured illumination microscopy (SIM), is being applied more and more to overcome this restriction. Instead, super-resolution by stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscopy achieving a resolution of ~50 nm laterally and ~130 nm axially has not yet frequently been applied in plant cell research due to the required specific sample preparation and stable dye staining. Single-molecule localization microscopy (SMLM) including photoactivated localization microscopy (PALM) has not yet been widely used, although this nanoscopic technique allows even the detection of single molecules. In this study, we compared protein imaging within metaphase chromosomes of barley via conventional wide-field and confocal microscopy, and the sub-diffraction methods SIM, STED, and SMLM. The chromosomes were labeled by DAPI (4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindol), a DNA-specific dye, and with antibodies against topoisomerase IIα (Topo II), a protein important for correct chromatin condensation. Compared to the diffraction-limited methods, the combination of the three different super-resolution imaging techniques delivered tremendous additional insights into the plant chromosome architecture through the achieved increased resolution.

scholarly journals The effect of silica desiccation under different storage conditions on filter-immobilized environmental DNA

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Allison ◽  
Jessica M. Round ◽  
Lauren C. Bergman ◽  
Ali Mirabzadeh ◽  
Heather Allen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silica Gel ◽  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Environmental Dna ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Systematic Evaluation ◽  
Silica Bead ◽  
Gel Beads ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Abstract Objective Silica gel beads have promise as a non-toxic, cost-effective, portable method for storing environmental DNA (eDNA) immobilized on filter membranes. Consequently, many ecological surveys are turning to silica bead filter desiccation rather than ethanol preservation. However, no systematic evaluation of silica bead storage conditions or duration past 1 week has been published. The present study evaluates the quality of filter-immobilized eDNA desiccated with silica gel under different storage conditions for over a year using targeted quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR)-based assays. Results While the detection of relatively abundant eDNA target was stable over 15 months from either ethanol- or silica gel-preserved filters at − 20 and 4 °C, silica gel out-performed ethanol preservation at 23 °C by preventing a progressive decrease in eDNA sample quality. Silica gel filter desiccation preserved low abundance eDNA equally well up to 1 month regardless of storage temperature (18, 4, or − 20 °C). However only storage at − 20 °C prevented a noticeable decrease in detectability at 5 and 12 months. The results indicate that brief storage of eDNA filters with silica gel beads up to 1 month can be successfully accomplished at a range of temperatures. However, longer-term storage should be at − 20 °C to maximize sample integrity.

scholarly journals Active Surveillance of Small Renal Masses: A Systematic Review

Kidney Cancer ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Elizabeth E. Ellis ◽  
Edward Messing
Keyword(s):  
Active Surveillance ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Management Approach ◽  
Small Renal Masses ◽  
Cancer Specific Survival ◽  
Renal Masses ◽  
Review Current ◽  
Delayed Intervention

Background: Our goal is to review current literature regarding active surveillance (AS) of small renal masses (SRMs) and identify trends in survival outcomes, factors that predict the need for further intervention, and quality of life (QOL). Methods: We performed a comprehensive literature search in PubMed and EMBASE and identified 194 articles. A narrative summary was performed in lieu of a meta-analysis due to the heterogeneity of selected studies. Results: Seventeen articles were chosen to be featured in this review. Growth rate (GR) was not an accurate predictor of malignancy, although it was the characteristic most commonly used to trigger delayed intervention (DI). The mean 5-year overall survival (OS) of all studies was 73.6% ±1.7% for AS groups. The combined cancer specific survival (CSS) for AS is 97.1% ±0.6% , compared to 98.6% ±0.4% for the primary intervention (PI) groups, (p = 0.038). Conclusions: Short and intermediate-term data demonstrate that AS with the option for DI is a management approach whose efficacy (in terms of CSS) approaches that of PI at 5 years, is cost effective, and prevents overtreatment, especially in patients with significant comorbidities.

scholarly journals Preserving the Activities of Daily Living Independence in Late Life

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 228-228
Author(s):  
Pao-feng Tsai ◽  
Thomas Jakobs ◽  
Reid Landes
Keyword(s):  
Training Program ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Computer Application ◽  
Maximum Effect ◽  
Activity Of Daily Living ◽  
Nursing Assistant ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Certified Nursing Assistant

Abstract Levels of Assistance (LoA) is an effective caregiving intervention for maintaining activity of daily living (ADL) independence. It is a structured, almost prescriptive, approach to encourage completing ADLs as independently as an elder’s capabilities permit. With appropriate prompts and assistance during dressing, elders can overcome disability, express retained competencies, and experience success. Simultaneously, caregivers learn to view their functions as maintaining the quality of life of able elders, and they receive reinforcement from elders who are more confident and happier. This study is a continuation of a previous project that created and tested a computer application training program for LoA in nursing homes. We refined the app to include grooming LoA and tested on 10 certified nursing assistant (CNA)/resident dyads at a local nursing home. The pilot results showed, although we did not see consistent improvement in CNA’s dressing LoA, we achieved 10% to 30% improvement in grooming LoA. This indicates that the dressing assistance training is able to transfer to grooming LoA. With only an average of one-hour app training, this improvement is cost effective as compared to training provided by care professionals. Future studies should consider incorporating a culture change strategy to improve CNAs’ intention for assisting elders. In addition, the training program should be offered in the initial hire to achieve maximum effect.

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