Magnetic Resonance Simulation in Education: Quantitative Evaluation of an Actual Classroom Experience

Magnetic resonance is an imaging modality that implies a high complexity for radiographers. Despite some simulators having been developed for training purposes, we are not aware of any attempt to quantitatively measure their educational performance. The present study gives an answer to the question: Does an MRI simulator built on specific functional and non-functional requirements help radiographers learn MRI theoretical and practical concepts better than traditional educational method based on lectures? Our study was carried out in a single day by a total of 60 students of a main hospital in Madrid, Spain. The experiment followed a randomized pre-test post-test design with a control group that used a traditional educational method, and an experimental group that used our simulator. Knowledge level was assessed by means of an instrument with evidence of validity in its format and content, while its reliability was analyzed after the experiment. Statistical differences between both groups were measured. Significant statistical differences were found in favor of the participants who used the simulator for both the post-test score and the gain (difference between post-test and pre-test scores). The effect size turned out to be significant as well. In this work we evaluated a magnetic resonance simulation paradigm as a tool to help in the training of radiographers. The study shows that a simulator built on specific design requirements is a valuable complement to traditional education procedures, backed up with significant quantitative results.

Download Full-text

Quantitative diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging of normal and diseased uterine zones

Acta Radiologica ◽

10.1080/02841850902735858 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 50 (3) ◽

pp. 340-347 ◽

Cited By ~ 48

Author(s):

O. Kilickesmez ◽

S. Bayramoglu ◽

E. Inci ◽

T. Cimilli ◽

A. Kayhan

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Resonance ◽

Imaging Modality ◽

Quantitative Detection ◽

Control Group ◽

Junctional Zone ◽

Adc Value ◽

Diffusion Weighted ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Adc Values ◽

Malignant Lesions

Background: Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging has been established as the best imaging modality for the detection, localization, and staging of uterine cancers. Recently, the usefulness of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) in the diagnosis of cancers has been reported in several studies. Purpose: To calculate the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values of normal uterine zones as well as benign and malignant uterine diseases, and to determine a cut-off ADC value for the quantitative detection of uterine malignancies with DWI. Material and Methods: Eighty-seven patients (mean age 53 years) with 107 benign and malignant uterine pathologies and 50 healthy controls (mean age 38 years) were enrolled in the study. DWI was performed with b factors of 0, 500, and 1000 s/mm2. Results: The ADC values of benign and malignant lesions were compared using Student's t test. The mean and the standard deviation of the ADC values of the control group were as follows: myometrium 1.76±0.19×10−3 mm2/s, junctional zone 0.99±0.18×10−3 mm2/s, endometrium 1.65±0.33×10−3 mm2/s, and cervix 1.71±0.17×10−3 mm2/s. There was a statistically significant difference among the ADC values of normal myometrium and leiomyomas (1.47±0.36×10−3 mm2/s; P<0.009), endometrium and endometrial carcinomas (0.86±0.13×10−3 mm2/s; P<0.001), myometrium-junctional zone and adenomyosis (1.24±0.20×10−3mm2/s; P<0.001), and cervix and cervical carcinomas (0.91±0.14×10−3 mm2/s; P<0.001). The ADC values differed significantly between malignant (0.88±0.11) and benign lesions (1.55±0.33; P<0.01). A cut-off value for malignant lesions of 1.05×10−3 mm2/s yielded a sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of 95.83%, 94.55%, and 94.94%, respectively. Conclusion: The present study shows that ADC measurements have the potential to quantitatively differentiate between normal and cancerous tissues of the uterine zones. We propose adding DWI as an adjunct sequence in the MR protocol for the assessment of uterine lesions.

Download Full-text

Quantitative T1-relaxation corrected metabolite mapping of 12 metabolites in the human brain at 9.4 T

10.1101/2021.12.24.474092 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Andrew Martin Wright ◽

Saipavitra Murali-Manohar ◽

Anke Henning

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Resonance ◽

Imaging Modality ◽

Relaxation Times ◽

Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopic Imaging ◽

Non Invasive ◽

T1 Relaxation ◽

Single Slice ◽

Single Voxel ◽

Quantitative Results ◽

Correction Step

Magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) is a non-invasive imaging modality that enables observation of metabolites. Applications of MRSI for neuroimaging applications has shown promise for monitoring and detecting various diseases. This study builds off previously developed techniques of short TR, 1H FID MRSI by correcting for T1-weighting of the metabolites and utilizing an internal water reference to produce quantitative (mmol kg-1) metabolite maps. This work reports and shows quantitative metabolite maps for 12 metabolites for a single slice. Voxel-specific T1-corrections for water are common in MRSI studies; however, most studies use either averaged T1-relaxation times to correct for T1-weighting of metabolites or omit this correction step entirely. This work employs the use of voxel-specific T1-corrections for metabolites in addition to water. Utilizing averaged T1-relaxation times for metabolites can bias metabolite maps for metabolites that have strong differences between T1-relaxation for GM and WM (i.e. Glu). This work systematically compares quantitative metabolite maps to single voxel quantitative results and qualitatively compares metabolite maps to previous works.

Download Full-text

Functional information from magnetic resonance imaging

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100136799 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 53 ◽

pp. 84-85

Author(s):

Alan P. Koretsky ◽

Afonso Costa e Silva ◽

Yi-Jen Lin

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽

Magnetic Resonance ◽

High Resolution ◽

Cancer Biology ◽

Imaging Modality ◽

Magnetic Resonance Images ◽

Great Success ◽

Functional Information ◽

Resonance Imaging ◽

High Resolution Mri

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has become established as an important imaging modality for the clinical management of disease. This is primarily due to the great tissue contrast inherent in magnetic resonance images of normal and diseased organs. Due to the wide availability of high field magnets and the ability to generate large and rapidly switched magnetic field gradients there is growing interest in applying high resolution MRI to obtain microscopic information. This symposium on MRI microscopy highlights new developments that are leading to increased resolution. The application of high resolution MRI to significant problems in developmental biology and cancer biology will illustrate the potential of these techniques.In combination with a growing interest in obtaining high resolution MRI there is also a growing interest in obtaining functional information from MRI. The great success of MRI in clinical applications is due to the inherent contrast obtained from different tissues leading to anatomical information.

Download Full-text

NILAI ANKLE BRACHIAL INDEX PADA PENDERITA DIABETES MELITUS TIPE 2 SESUDAH MELAKUKAN BUERGER ALLEN EXERCISE DI PUSKESMAS WILAYAH KECAMATAN NGANJUK

Jurnal Penelitian Keperawatan ◽

10.32660/jurnal.v4i1.318 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Supriyadi . ◽

Nurul Makiyah ◽

Novita Kurnia Sari

Keyword(s):

Ankle Brachial Index ◽

Control Group ◽

P Value ◽

Test Design ◽

Purposive Sampling ◽

Paired Samples ◽

Post Test ◽

Diabetes Melitus

Buerger Allen Exercise mampu meningkatkan pemakaian glukosa oleh otot yang aktif sehingga glukosa dalam darah dapat menurun, dapat membantu mencegah terjadinya penyakit arteri perifer, serta meningkatkan aliran darah ke arteri dan berefek positif pada metabolisme glukosa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui nilai ankle brachial indexpada penderita diabetes melitus tipe 2setelah melakukan Buerger Allen exercise. Jenis penelitian ini adalah quasy-experiment dengan pre-post test design with control group. Jumlah sampel 60 penderita diabetes melitus tipe 2 dengan purposive sampling, dibagi menjadi 2 kelompok yaitu kelompok perlakuan dan kelompok kontrol. Responden kelompok perlakuan diberikan intervensi Buerger Allen exercise sebanyak 12 kali selama 15 hari.Penelitian dilakukan di wilayah Puskesmas Kecamatan Nganjuk.Data hasilpengukuran nilai ankle brachial indexberupa ratio dan diuji statistik dengan Paired Samples Test. Didapatkan p value 0.001 untuk kelompok perlakuan (p value< 0.05) yang menunjukkan bahwa adanya perubahan bermakna secara statistik nilai ankle brachial index sesudah melakukan Buerger Allen exercise. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa nilai ankle brachial indexpada penderita diabetes melitus tipe 2 meningkat sesudah melakukan Buerger Allen exercise. Kata kunci :penderita diabetes melitus tipe2, Buerger Allen Exercise, Ankle brachial index

Download Full-text

TEACHING READING BY UTILIZING HOT POTATOES SOFTWARE TOWARD STUDENTS’ READING COMPREHENSION OF DESCRIPTIVE TEXT

JEELL (Journal of English Education Linguistics and Literature) ◽

10.32682/jeell.v5i1.927 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 26

Author(s):

Abdullah Farih

Keyword(s):

Reading Comprehension ◽

Alternative Hypothesis ◽

T Test ◽

Control Group ◽

Teaching Reading ◽

Post Test ◽

Quasi Experimental ◽

Independent Variable ◽

Level Of Significance ◽

And Control

The objective of this study is to measure whether there is or not significant effect of teaching reading by utilizing Hot Potatoes software toward students’ reading comprehension of descriptive text. The variables used were the teaching treatment of Hot Potatoes Software as the independent variable and the students’ reading comprehension of Descriptive Text as dependent variable. Then, the research designed was Quasi-experimental design and the presentation of data used was quantitative. The data were obtained from the eleventh grade, of which 28 students were taken as sample. The students are divided into two groups; experiment group consisted of 12 students and control group consists of 16 students. To get the data, the pre-test and post-test were applied and then analyzed using t-test formula. The researcher had concluded that there is Significant effect of Hot Potatoes Software toward the students’ reading comprehension achievement. The result showed that mean of students’ post-test was increased. It is proved by the t-test (8.54) which is higher than t-table (2.05) at level of significance 5%. It means that the alternative hypothesis was accepted and it proved that Hot Potatoes Software had significant effect toward students’ reading comprehension of Descriptive Text

Download Full-text

Pengaruh Pemberian Ekstrak Daun Kluwih (Artocarpus camansi) Terhadap Penurunan Aktivitas SGPT Tikus Putih (Rattus norvegicus) Jantan Galur Wistar yang di Induksi Parasetamol Dosis Tinggi.

Medical and Health Science Journal ◽

10.33086/mhsj.v3i1.833 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Bara Pawana Satya Nagara

Keyword(s):

Rattus Norvegicus ◽

Control Group ◽

Post Test

ABSTRAK Latar Belakang: Kebiasaan masyarakat Indonesia menggunakan obat-obatan yang mudah didapat seperti parasetamol, dimana parasetamol dijual secara bebas akan menyebabkan penyalahgunaannya menjadi lebih besar.Penyalahgunaan ini berakibat timbulnya efek samping seperti efek hepatotoksik yang menimbulkan kerusakan pada sel-sel hati. Pengendalian efek hepatotoksi didalam tubuh dapat dibantu dengan mengkonsumsi makanan yang mengandung antioksidan. .Ekstrak daun kluwih (Artocarpus camansi) memiliki kandungan antioksidan seperti flavanoid yang diyakini dapat menurunkan aktivitas SGPT dan mengurangi efek toksisitas hepar oleh parasetmol. Tujuan: Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian ekstrak daun kluwih (Artocarpus camansi) terhadap penurunan aktivitas SGPT tikus putih (Rattus norvegicus) jantan galur Wistar yang diinduksi parasetamol. Metode: Merupakan post-test only control group mengunakan hewan coba tikus putih jantan galur Wistar yang dikelompokkan menjadi 3 kelompok yaitu kelompok kontrol (-), kelompok kontrol (+), kelompok perlakuan yang mendapat terapi ekstrak daun kluwih (Artocarpus camansi) 500 mg/Kg BB Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pemberian ekstrak daun kluwih (Artocarpus camansi) dosis 500 mg/kg/BB/hari pada tikus tidak menurunkan secara bermakna aktivitas SGPT pada kelompok tikus yang diberi parasetamol dosis tinggi ( p=0,401 α=0,05) Kesimpulan: Parasetamol dosis tinggi meningkatkan secara bermakna aktivitas SGPT tikus putih (Rattus norveicus) galur Wistar. Pemberian ekstrak daun kluwih (Artocarpus camansi) pada aktivitas SGPT tikus putih (Rattus norveicus) galur Wistar menurunkan secara tidak bermakna. Kata kunci : Artocarpus camansi, Parasetamol, SGPT

Download Full-text

PENGGUNAAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN STAD (STUDENT TEAMS-ACHIEVMENT DIVISIONS) DALAM PEMBELAJARAN MENULIS SURAT DINAS SISWA KELAS VIII DI SMP NEGERI SE-KECAMATAN PANYINGKIRAN KABUPATEN MAJALENGKA TAHUN AJARAN 2013/2014

Jurnal Tuturan ◽

10.33603/jt.v3i1.810 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 447

Author(s):

Iyay Robia Khoerudin ◽

Neneng Titin ◽

Eki Kiyamudin

Keyword(s):

Random Sampling ◽

Simple Random Sampling ◽

Control Group ◽

Control Group Design ◽

Group Design ◽

Student Teams ◽

Post Test ◽

Test Control

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kemampuan menulis surat dinas siswa kelas VIII di SMP Negeri Se-Kecamatan Panyingkiran Kabupaten Majalengka, mengetahui kemampuan menulis surat dinas dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran STAD (Student Teams-Achievment Divisions) siswa kelas VIII di SMP Negeri Se-Kecamatan Panyingkiran Kabupaten Majalengka, serta menjelaskan efektifitas model pembelajaran STAD (Student Teams-Achievment Divisions) untuk meningkatkan pengajaran menulis surat dinas siswa Kelas VIII di SMP Negeri Se-Kecamatan Panyingkiran Kabupaten Majalengka.Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dan kualitatif dengan metode eksperimen Pre test-Post test Control Group Design, populasinya yaitu SMP Negeri Se-Kecamatan Panyingkiran Kabupaten Majalengka tahun ajaran 2013/2014, sedangkan sampelnya ditentukan melalui teknik simple random sampling yaitu kelas VIII G SMP Negeri 2 Panyingkiran sebagai kelas eksperimen dan kelas VIII B SMP Negeri 1 Panyingkiran sebagai kelas kontrol. Instrumen pengumpulan data yang digunakan tes tertulis tes awal dan tes akhir, kuesioner, lembar observasi guru dan siswa, setelah data diperoleh maka dilakukan analisis data. Data kuesioner dan observasi dianalisis dalam bentuk uraian sedangkan data tes dianalisis dengan statistik dan di deskripsikan.Berdasarkan perhitungan statistik program SPSS 16.0 diperoleh hasil uji t pretes pada kedua kelas tersebut memiliki nilai t=5.429 derajat kebebasan (df)=n-1=38 nilai probability (sig 2-tailed) sebesar 0,000. Hal ini berarti t hitung <0,005. Artinya 0,000<0,05, pada uji t ini bahwasanya pretes pada kedua kelas terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara kelas eksperimen dengan kelas kontrol. Apabila ditinjau dari segi rata-rata pretes eksperimen lebih efektif daripada kelas kontrol. Hal ini terbukti dari rata-ratanya pretes kelas eksperimen 64,8 kelas kontrol 62,3 selisih rata-rata 2,5. Sedangkan rata-rata postes kelas eksperimen 81,2 dan kelas kontrol 69 terjadi selisih postes 12,2.

Download Full-text

ANALISIS KEMAMPUAN PROBLEM POSING MATEMATIS SISWA DALAM PEMBELAJARAN MODEL KOOPERATIF NHT

ALGORITMA Journal of Mathematics Education ◽

10.15408/ajme.v1i1.11683 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Kadir Kadir ◽

Munawir Sadzali

Keyword(s):

Random Sampling ◽

Problem Posing ◽

Control Group ◽

Control Group Design ◽

Group Design ◽

Post Test ◽

Cluster Random Sampling

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menganalisis pengaruh model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Number Head Together (NHT) terhadap keterampilan problem posing matematis siswa. Penelitian ini dilakukan di SD Al- Zahra Indonesia, untuk tahun akademik 2014/2015. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kuasi eksperimen dengan Post-test Only Control Group Design, melibatkan 60 siswa sebagai sampel. Untuk menentukan sampel digunakan teknik cluster random sampling. Pengambilan data menggunakan instrumen seperti tes esai tertulis. Keterampilan problem posing matematis siswa yang mengajar dengan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Number Head Together (NHT) lebih tinggi daripada keterampilan problem posing matematis siswa yang diajarkan dengan model pembelajaran klasik (t hitung = 2,01 table t tabel = 2,00 ). Persentase jawaban siswa dari problem posing berdasarkan gambar, tabel dan diagram yang diajarkan dengan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Number Head Together (NHT) lebih tinggi daripada siswa yang mengajar dengan model pembelajaran klasik. Kesimpulan hasil penelitian ini bahwa pembelajaran matematika Pecahan dengan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Number Head Together (NHT) memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap keterampilan problem posing matematika siswa.

Download Full-text

The effectiveness of positive training on happiness, aggression and hope in adolescents with leukemia in Ahvaz

Indian Journal of Positive Psychology ◽

10.15614/ijpp.v9i01.11735 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 9 (01) ◽

Author(s):

Marzieh . Shamkhani ◽

Ali . Khalafi

Keyword(s):

Sampling Method ◽

Analysis Of Covariance ◽

Control Group ◽

Positive Attitudes ◽

Measurement Tools ◽

Post Test ◽

Aggression Questionnaire ◽

Experimental Group ◽

Period Measurement

The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of positive learning on happiness, Aggression and hope for adolescents with leukemia in Ahvaz. The sample consisted of 30 people who were selected by available sampling method. 15 subjects in the experimental group and 15 in the control group were randomly assigned. The experimental design was a pre-test-post-test type with control group and follow-up period. Measurement tools included Oxford Happiness Inventory (Argyle, 1989); Ahwaz's Aggression Questionnaire (Zahedifar, Najarian, and Shokrkon, 2000); Hope Scale (Schneider, 1991). To run, at first, the pre-test was taken from both groups. Then, the experimental group was trained in 14 sessions of 90 minutes, and after each group, they were subjected to post-test. And one month later, the follow-up process was completed. Data analysis was performed using multivariate covariance analysis (MANCOVA) and one-way analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). The results showed that positive attitudes toward happiness, aggressiveness and hopefulness of adolescents with leukemia in Ahvaz were effective.

Download Full-text

The Effect of Language Games with Audio Visual Aids on Students’ Speaking Competence at Fourth Graders of Tunas Daud Elementary School

Journal of Education Research and Evaluation ◽

10.23887/jere.v3i3.21861 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (3) ◽

pp. 185

Author(s):

Susnawati. K ◽

Marhaeni A.A.I.N ◽

Ramendra D.P

Keyword(s):

Elementary School ◽

Fourth Graders ◽

Fourth Grade ◽

Control Group ◽

Language Games ◽

Visual Aids ◽

Fourth Grade Students ◽

Post Test ◽

Competence Test ◽

Better Than

Study aimed to determine the effect of language games with audio visual aids on students' speaking competence at fourth grade students of Tunas Daud elementary school and to describe the implementation of language games with audio visual aids on students’ speaking competence. The design used in this research was a mixed method design. It was explanatory design since this research was started with quantitative design (experimental design with post test only control design) followed by qualitative design. The samples were 62 students; 31 students of the experimental group and 31 students of the control group of fourth grade Tunas Daud elementary students. The data were collected by using speaking competence test and analyzed by IBM SPSS 22 with independent t-test. The data were also collected through an observation sheet for observing the implementation of the language games with audio visual aids. The results showed there was a significant effect of the language games with audio visual aids on students' speaking competence in which the mean score of the students who were taught by using language games with audio visual aids is better than the students who were taught without language games with audio visual aids. For the implementation of the language games with audio visual aids, it can be seen that the implementation of the language games with audio visual aids were done in a very good way. The games was suitable for the students since it could give good impacts for the students. The students are active and confident to speak.

Download Full-text