scholarly journals Smart Face Mask with an Integrated Heat Flux Sensor for Fast and Remote People’s Healthcare Monitoring

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (22) ◽  
pp. 7472
Author(s):  
Marc Lazaro ◽  
Antonio Lazaro ◽  
Ramon Villarino ◽  
David Girbau
Keyword(s):  
Heat Flux ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Average Power ◽  
Face Mask ◽  
Heat Flux Sensor ◽  
Breathing Rate ◽  
Public Places ◽  
Flux System ◽  
Average Power Consumption

The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted a large amount of challenges to address. To combat the spread of the virus, several safety measures, such as wearing face masks, have been taken. Temperature controls at the entrance of public places to prevent the entry of virus carriers have been shown to be inefficient and inaccurate. This paper presents a smart mask that allows to monitor body temperature and breathing rate. Body temperature is measured by a non-invasive dual-heat-flux system, consisting of four sensors separated from each other with an insulating material. Breathing rate is obtained from the temperature changes within the mask, measured with a thermistor located near the nose. The system communicates by means of long-range (LoRa) backscattering, leading to a reduction in average power consumption. It is designed to establish the relative location of the smart mask from the signal received at two LoRa receivers installed inside and outside an access door. Low-cost LoRa transceivers with WiFi capabilities are used in the prototype to collect information and upload it to a server. Accuracy in body temperature measurements is consistent with measurements made with a thermistor located in the armpit. The system allows checking the correct placement of the mask based on the recorded temperatures and the breathing rate measurements. Besides, episodes of cough can be detected by sudden changes in thermistor temperature.

scholarly journals A Survey on Covid Safety System

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 589-593
Author(s):  
Hinal Sodagra
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Face Mask ◽  
Raspberry Pi ◽  
Infrared Sensor ◽  
Shopping Malls ◽  
Solution System ◽  
Public Places ◽  
Hand Sanitizer ◽  
Security Clearance ◽  
Python Programming

Abstract: In this paper a Raspberry Pi based automated solution system focused on the real-time face monitoring of people to detect both face masks and body temperature with the help of MLX90614 sensor has been proposed. This is implemented using Python Programming with OpenCV Library, TensorFlow, Dlib Module. A security clearance system is deployed that will allow that person to enter if they are wearing a face mask and their body temperature is in check with WHO guidelines. A programmed hand sanitizer apportioning machine is mechanized, non-contact, liquor-based hand sanitizer gadget. Liquor is essentially a dissolvable, and furthermore a generally excellent sanitizer when contrasted with fluid cleanser or strong cleanser, likewise it needn't bother with water to wash off since it is unpredictable furthermore, disintegrates in a split second after application to hands. It is too demonstrated that a convergence of >70% liquor can execute Covid in hands. Here, we have used IR sensor detects the hand put close to it, the Arduino Uno is utilized as a microcontroller, which detects the distance and the outcome isthe pump starts running out the hand sanitizer. Thus, the above said system will help the society by saving time and also helps in contaminating the spread of coronavirus. This can be implemented in public places such as colleges, schools, offices, shopping malls, etc. to inspect people. Keywords: Deep Learning, Open CV, Keras, Python, Tensor Flow, Computer Vision, Raspberry Pi, COVID-19, DLib, Arduino, Sensor, Sanitizer, Infrared sensor

Flexible Heat Flux Sensor for Firefighters Garment Integration

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-45
Author(s):  
Christelle Navone ◽  
Mathieu Soulier ◽  
Isabella Chartier ◽  
Julia Simon ◽  
Aurelien Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Flux ◽  
Thermoelectric Materials ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Heat Flux Sensor ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Fire Fighters ◽  
European Project ◽  
Heat Flux Sensors ◽  
Flux Sensor

The interest in using optimal equipment to face unknown hazards is growing, as it ultimately save lives. This holds especially true for fire-fighters which are confronted with other hazards during the course of operations. Improvement of their security by an integrated sensory clothing system was the main objective of the European project ProeTEX. In this context, the integration of commercial heat flux sensors into fire-fighters garment has proved the interest of such measurements. However, low flexibility and high cost remain major disadvantages of these sensors. The objective of this work is to develop an innovative heat flux sensor based on a low cost technology. Heat flux sensors have been realized using printable thermoelectric materials and present high sensitivity (146 mV/ (W/cm2)). Their flexibility is compatible with integration in clothes and three specific integrations are proposed and compared. Proof of concept of flexible heat flux sensor is also presented in this paper.

scholarly journals Influence of low power consumption on IEEE 802.15.4 in wireless networks performance

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 205-211
Author(s):  
A. Z. Yonis
Keyword(s):  
Phase Shift ◽  
Power Consumption ◽  
Low Power ◽  
Ieee 802.15.4 ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Average Power ◽  
Low Power Consumption ◽  
Media Access Control ◽  
Battery Life ◽  
Average Power Consumption

IEEE 802.15.4 standard defines both media access control (MAC) and physical (PHY) layer protocols for low power consumption, low peak data rate, and low cost applications. Nowadays the most important feature of IEEE 802.15.4 is maximizing battery life. This paper is focusing how to achieve low average power consumption through assuming that the amount of data transmitted is short and that it is transmitted infrequently so as to keep a low duty cycle. The outcomes demonstrate that the phase shift estimation of Offset quadrature phase-shift keying (OQPSK) modulation has no impact on bit error rate (BER) if it is identical in the transmitter as same as in the receiver.

scholarly journals Battery-Powered Portable Rotary Real-Time Fluorescent qPCR with Low Energy Consumption, Low Cost, and High Throughput

Biosensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 49
Author(s):  
Limin He ◽  
Benliang Sang ◽  
Wenming Wu
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Average Power ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Melting Curves ◽  
Average Power Consumption ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Rotary Structure ◽  
The Cost

The traditional qPCR instrument is bulky, expensive, and inconvenient to carry, so we report a portable rotary real-time fluorescent PCR (polymerase chain reaction) that completes the PCR amplification of DNA in the field, and the reaction can be observed in real-time. Through the analysis of a target gene, namely pGEM-3Zf (+), the gradient amplification and melting curves are compared to commercial devices. The results confirm the stability of our device. This is the first use of a mechanical rotary structure to achieve gradient amplification curves and melting curves comparable to commercial instruments. The average power consumption of our system is about 7.6 W, which is the lowest energy consumption for real-time fluorescence quantification in shunting PCR and enables the use of our device in the field thanks to its self-contained power supply based on a lithium battery. In addition, all of the equipment costs only about 710 dollars, which is far lower than the cost of a commercial PCR instrument because the control system through mechanical displacement replaces the traditional TEC (thermoelectric cooler) temperature control. Moreover, the equipment has a low technical barrier, which can suit the needs of non-professional settings, with strong repeatability.

scholarly journals A Self-Programmable Interface for WSN Applications

1970 ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
S.D. Vera ◽  
A. Bayo ◽  
N. Medrano ◽  
B. Calvo ◽  
S. Celma
Keyword(s):  
Low Voltage ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Average Power ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Measured Parameter ◽  
A Value ◽  
Average Power Consumption ◽  
Passive Sensors ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Numerous applications of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) involve monitoring physical and chemical parameters in large regions, thus needing a large number of sensor nodes. In order to reduce the cost of these nodes, it is usual to use low-cost analogue sensors followed by a programmable electronic interface capable of adapting every sensor output to the port requirements of the microcontroller embedded in the sensing node. The goal of the present work is the design and test of a low-voltage plug&play programmable sensor-to-microcontroller interface able to self-configure its operation when adapting the output of different sensors, achieving an optimum reading performance for every sensor. The proposed interface, which includes both electronic and software elements, is shown in Figure 1a. By properly programming the interface electronics, the system can be used to conditioning active and passive sensors, enabling plug&play to be easily integrated in a WSN node and taking advantage of the full span of the connected device. It provides a value of the measured parameter coded as the frequency of a signal compatible with the logic levels of the master microcontroller. Experimental test results to validate its performance are given for a resistive humidity sensor (Figure 1b) and other low-cost sensors. By properly managing the interface electronics, the average power consumption in a measurement process of the conditioning electronics remains low.

Wearable Core Temperature Thermometer Implemented by the MEMS Heat Flux Sensor

2015 ◽  
Vol 135 (8) ◽  
pp. 343-348
Author(s):  
Shinya Nakagawa ◽  
Masao Shimizu ◽  
Tsuyoshi Hamaguchi
Keyword(s):  
Heat Flux ◽  
Core Temperature ◽  
Heat Flux Sensor ◽  
Flux Sensor

scholarly journals A Novel Cross-Latch Shift Register Scheme for Low Power Applications

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 129
Author(s):  
Po-Yu Kuo ◽  
Ming-Hwa Sheu ◽  
Chang-Ming Tsai ◽  
Ming-Yan Tsai ◽  
Jin-Fa Lin
Keyword(s):  
Power Consumption ◽  
Supply Voltage ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Average Power ◽  
Leakage Power ◽  
Shift Register ◽  
Cmos Process ◽  
Average Power Consumption ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Layout Area

The conventional shift register consists of master and slave (MS) latches with each latch receiving the data from the previous stage. Therefore, the same data are stored in two latches separately. It leads to consuming more electrical power and occupying more layout area, which is not satisfactory to most circuit designers. To solve this issue, a novel cross-latch shift register (CLSR) scheme is proposed. It significantly reduced the number of transistors needed for a 256-bit shifter register by 48.33% as compared with the conventional MS latch design. To further verify its functions, this CLSR was implemented by using TSMC 40 nm CMOS process standard technology. The simulation results reveal that the proposed CLSR reduced the average power consumption by 36%, cut the leakage power by 60.53%, and eliminated layout area by 34.76% at a supply voltage of 0.9 V with an operating frequency of 250 MHz, as compared with the MS latch.

scholarly journals Microfabrication with Very Low-Average Power of Green Light to Produce PDMS Microchips

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 607
Author(s):  
Lucero M. Hernandez-Cedillo ◽  
Francisco G. Vázquez-Cuevas ◽  
Rafael Quintero-Torres ◽  
Jose L. Aragón ◽  
Miguel Angel Ocampo Mortera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Average Power ◽  
Green Light ◽  
Microfluidic Devices ◽  
Processing Parameters ◽  
Coating Film ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Dimethyl Siloxane ◽  
Visible Laser ◽  
High Absorption

In this article, we show an alternative low-cost fabrication method to obtain poly(dimethyl siloxane) (PDMS) microfluidic devices. The proposed method allows the inscription of micron resolution channels on polystyrene (PS) surfaces, used as a mold for the wanted microchip’s production, by applying a high absorption coating film on the PS surface to ablate it with a focused low-power visible laser. The method allows for obtaining micro-resolution channels at powers between 2 and 10 mW and can realize any two-dimensional polymeric devices. The effect of the main processing parameters on the channel’s geometry is presented.

scholarly journals EZ-SEP: Extended Z-SEP Routing Protocol with Hierarchical Clustering Approach for Wireless Heterogeneous Sensor Network

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 1021
Author(s):  
Zhanserik Nurlan ◽  
Tamara Zhukabayeva ◽  
Mohamed Othman
Keyword(s):  
Sensor Network ◽  
Hierarchical Clustering ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Cluster Head ◽  
Average Power ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Average Power Consumption ◽  
Clustering Approach ◽  
Heterogeneous Sensor Network

Wireless sensor networks (WSN) are networks of thousands of nodes installed in a defined physical environment to sense and monitor its state condition. The viability of such a network is directly dependent and limited by the power of batteries supplying the nodes of these networks, which represents a disadvantage of such a network. To improve and extend the life of WSNs, scientists around the world regularly develop various routing protocols that minimize and optimize the energy consumption of sensor network nodes. This article, introduces a new heterogeneous-aware routing protocol well known as Extended Z-SEP Routing Protocol with Hierarchical Clustering Approach for Wireless Heterogeneous Sensor Network or EZ-SEP, where the connection of nodes to a base station (BS) is done via a hybrid method, i.e., a certain amount of nodes communicate with the base station directly, while the remaining ones form a cluster to transfer data. Parameters of the field are unknown, and the field is partitioned into zones depending on the node energy. We reviewed the Z-SEP protocol concerning the election of the cluster head (CH) and its communication with BS and presented a novel extended mechanism for the selection of the CH based on remaining residual energy. In addition, EZ-SEP is weighted up using various estimation schemes such as base station repositioning, altering the field density, and variable nodes energy for comparison with the previous parent algorithm. EZ-SEP was executed and compared to routing protocols such as Z-SEP, SEP, and LEACH. The proposed algorithm performed using the MATLAB R2016b simulator. Simulation results show that our proposed extended version performs better than Z-SEP in the stability period due to an increase in the number of active nodes by 48%, in efficiency of network by the high packet delivery coefficient by 16% and optimizes the average power consumption compared to by 34.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document