scholarly journals Human Body Performance with COVID-19 Affectation According to Virus Specification Based on Biosensor Techniques

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (24) ◽  
pp. 8362
Author(s):  
Mohammed Jawad Ahmed Alathari ◽  
Yousif Al Mashhadany ◽  
Mohd Hadri Hafiz Mokhtar ◽  
Norhafizah Burham ◽  
Mohd Saiful Dzulkefly Bin Zan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Review Paper ◽  
Virus Transmission ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Optical Biosensors ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Oral Transmission ◽  
Modes Of Transmission ◽  
First Case ◽  
Electronic Biosensors

Life was once normal before the first announcement of COVID-19’s first case in Wuhan, China, and what was slowly spreading became an overnight worldwide pandemic. Ever since the virus spread at the end of 2019, it has been morphing and rapidly adapting to human nature changes which cause difficult conundrums in the efforts of fighting it. Thus, researchers were steered to investigate the virus in order to contain the outbreak considering its novelty and there being no known cure. In contribution to that, this paper extensively reviewed, compared, and analyzed two main points; SARS-CoV-2 virus transmission in humans and detection methods of COVID-19 in the human body. SARS-CoV-2 human exchange transmission methods reviewed four modes of transmission which are Respiratory Transmission, Fecal–Oral Transmission, Ocular transmission, and Vertical Transmission. The latter point particularly sheds light on the latest discoveries and advancements in the aim of COVID-19 diagnosis and detection of SARS-CoV-2 virus associated with this disease in the human body. The methods in this review paper were classified into two categories which are RNA-based detection including RT-PCR, LAMP, CRISPR, and NGS and secondly, biosensors detection including, electrochemical biosensors, electronic biosensors, piezoelectric biosensors, and optical biosensors.

A Review Paper on Pothole Detection Methods

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 379-383
Author(s):  
Jetashri R. Gandhi ◽  
U. K. Jaliya ◽  
D. G. Thakore
Keyword(s):  
Review Paper ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Pothole Detection

scholarly journals Detection of SARS-CoV-2 from patient fecal samples by whole genome sequencing

Gut Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Papoutsis ◽  
Thomas Borody ◽  
Siba Dolai ◽  
Jordan Daniels ◽  
Skylar Steinberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Next Generation Sequencing ◽  
Nasopharyngeal Swab ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Whole Genome Analysis ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Oral Transmission ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Next Generation Sequencing Ngs ◽  
Generation Sequencing

Abstract Background SARS-CoV-2 has been detected not only in respiratory secretions, but also in stool collections. Here were sought to identify SARS-CoV-2 by enrichment next-generation sequencing (NGS) from fecal samples, and to utilize whole genome analysis to characterize SARS-CoV-2 mutational variations in COVID-19 patients. Results Study participants underwent testing for SARS-CoV-2 from fecal samples by whole genome enrichment NGS (n = 14), and RT-PCR nasopharyngeal swab analysis (n = 12). The concordance of SARS-CoV-2 detection by enrichment NGS from stools with RT-PCR nasopharyngeal analysis was 100%. Unique variants were identified in four patients, with a total of 33 different mutations among those in which SARS-CoV-2 was detected by whole genome enrichment NGS. Conclusion These results highlight the potential viability of SARS-CoV-2 in feces, its ongoing mutational accumulation, and its possible role in fecal–oral transmission. This study also elucidates the advantages of SARS-CoV-2 enrichment NGS, which may be a key methodology to document complete viral eradication. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04359836, Registered 24 April 2020, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04359836?term=NCT04359836&draw=2&rank=1).

scholarly journals Molecular Diagnosis in Differentiating Active and Inactive Forms of Hepatitis B Virus Carriers

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (10) ◽  
pp. 41-45
Author(s):  
Salah Tofik Jalal Balaky ◽  
Saeed Ghulam Hussain ◽  
Amer Ali Khaleel ◽  
Furat Tahseen Sabeer ◽  
Ahang Hasan Mawlood
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hbv Dna ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Acid Test

Background & objectives: Introducing a nucleic acid test program is aimed to diagnose and reduces the risk of viral infection or transmission. DNA assay for HBV can detect infection in the windows period, chronic occult infection and can discriminate between active and inactive HBV infection. This cross-sectional study designed to diagnose, analyze HBV infection and to differentiate active from inactive infection based on viral DNA detection. Methods: Blood samples were collected from 256 patients previously diagnosed on the clinical ground as hepatitis B seropositive in Erbil Central Lab. The viral nucleic acid quantitative assessment was done for the collected samples using RT-PCR. Q-square was performed for statistical analysis. Results: Out of 256 collected blood samples 93 (36.3%) showed HBV-DNA positive titers above 50 IU/ml. Among positive subjects, 67 (72.04%) was categorized as inactive carriers (˂ 2000-20.000 IU/ml HBV-DNA titers). Conclusions: The data produced from this study confirmed the importance of the RT-PCR technique in sensitivity and reliability as a superior diagnostics tool specifically in differentiating active from inactive HBV carriers.

scholarly journals An Unusual Case of Perirenal Abscess Caused by Campylobacter and Peptostreptococcus Species

2022 ◽  
Vol 2022 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Krystal Hasel ◽  
Ahlaa Salim ◽  
Paul Adjei ◽  
Jeremy D. Gradon
Keyword(s):  
Case Reports ◽  
Thoracic Wall ◽  
Perinephric Abscess ◽  
Oral Infections ◽  
Oral Transmission ◽  
Abdominal Abscesses ◽  
First Case ◽  
Intestinal Infections ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Campylobacter Infection

Intra-abdominal abscesses mostly derive from the intra-abdominal viscera. Campylobacter spp. are Gram-negative rods which are known to cause oral infections but rarely have been documented to cause extra-intestinal infections resulting in abscesses. We report an atypical case of Campylobacter rectus (C. rectus) and Peptostreptococcus spp. bacteria isolated from a perinephric abscess presenting as abdominal pain. Abscesses originating from outside the gastrointestinal tract have been reported in other similar case reports infecting the head, brain, and thoracic wall amongst others. The potential source and development of such a Campylobacter infection could be due to multiple hypotheses. This is a first case report of perinephric abscess development. Studies have suggested person-to-person (fecal-oral) transmission along with insects serving as primary reservoirs. Seeding of bacteria through infections in the oral cavity or through infections in the bowel microperforations has also been considered as plausible reasons. Since C. rectus has been isolated in such rare instances, it should be kept in mind when considering differential diagnosis of potential causative agents for extra-oral infections such as invasive abscess formations.

scholarly journals RT-PCR for COVID-19: Diagnosis Made Easy

BioMedica ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (2S) ◽  
pp. 115-120
Author(s):  
Osheen Sajjad ◽  
Aiman Shahzad ◽  
Saqib Mahmood
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Detection Method ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Corona Virus ◽  
Positive Sense ◽  
Affected Person ◽  
Sampling Procedures

<p>Coronavirus disease COVID-19, caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus-2 (SARS-CoV2), is highly contagious and has been a pandemic since March 2020. The SARS-CoV-2 is an enveloped, single-stranded, positive-sense RNA viruswhich spreadsthrough air droplets by sneezing and coughing from affected person. The diagnosis of the COVID-19 remains a challenge to the scientists since the genome of the SARS-CoV-2 was novel and varying. Various studies have reported the validated procedures for sampling and the detection method of SARS-CoV-2. This mini-review provides a brief introduction of the SARS-CoV-2 features and the current knowledge for the recommended COVID19 detection methods including sampling procedures and real time SARS-CoV-2 genome detection.</p>

scholarly journals Chest CT as a Complement to RT-PCR to Confirm and Follow-up COVID-19 Patients

Medicinus ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
Aziza Ghanie Icksan ◽  
Muhammad Hafiz ◽  
Annisa Dian Harlivasari
Keyword(s):  
Chest Ct ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
High Resolution Computed Tomography ◽  
X Ray ◽  
First Case ◽  
Chest X Ray ◽  
Polymerase Chain

<p><strong>Background : </strong>The first case of COVID-19 in Indonesia was recorded in March 2020. Limitation of reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) has put chest CT as an essential complementary tool in the diagnosis and follow up treatment for COVID-19. Literatures strongly suggested that High-Resolution Computed Tomography (HRCT) is essential in diagnosing typical symptoms of COVID-19 at the early phase of disease due to its superior sensitivity  (97%) compared to chest x-ray (CXR).</p><p>The two cases presented in this case study showed the crucial role of chest CT with HRCT to establish the working diagnosis and follow up COVID-19 patients as a complement to RT-PCR, currently deemed a gold standard.<strong></strong></p>

scholarly journals Characterization and Use of an Antibody Detecting the CBFβ-SMMHC Fusion Protein in inv(16)/t(16;16)-Associated Acute Myeloid Leukemias

Blood ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 91 (6) ◽  
pp. 1882-1890
Author(s):  
David S. Viswanatha ◽  
I.-Ming Chen ◽  
Pu Paul Liu ◽  
Marilyn L. Slovak ◽  
Cathy Rankin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Fusion Protein ◽  
Fusion Gene ◽  
Type A ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Cytogenetic Abnormalities ◽  
Permeabilized Cells ◽  
Flow Cytometric ◽  
Acute Myeloid

The inv(16)(p13q22) and t(16;16)(p13;q22) cytogenetic abnormalities occur commonly in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), typically associated with French-American-British (FAB) AML-M4Eo subtype. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) techniques have been recently developed to detect the presence of several variants of the resultant CBFB-MYH11 fusion gene that encodes a CBFβ-smooth muscle myosin heavy chain (SMMHC) fusion protein. We have now determined the clinical use of a polyclonal antibody [anti-inv(16) Ab] directed against a junctional epitope of the most common type of CBFβ-SMMHC fusion protein (type A), which is present in 90% of inv(16)/t(16;16) AML cases. Using flow cytometry, reproducible methods were developed for detection of CBFβ-SMMHC proteins in permeabilized cells; flow cytometric results were then correlated with cytogenetics and RT-PCR detection methods. In an analysis of 42 leukemia cases with various cytogenetic abnormalities and several normal controls, the anti-inv(16) Ab specifically detected all 23 cases that were cytogenetically positive for inv(16) or t(16;16), including a single AML case that was RT-PCR–negative. In addition to detecting all type A fusions, the anti-inv(16) Ab also unexpectedly identified the type C and type D CBFβ-SMMHC fusion proteins. Molecular characterization of one RT-PCR–positive and Ab-positive t(16;16) case with a non-type A product showed a novel previously unreported CBFB-MYH11 fusion (CBFB nt 455-MYH11 nt 1893). Flow cytometric results were analyzed using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov statistic D-value and the median value for positive samples was 0.65 (range, 0.35 to 0.77) versus 0.07 (range, −0.21 to 0.18) in the negative group (P < .0001). The overall concordance between cytogenetics and RT-PCR was 97%, whereas the concordance between flow cytometry and cytogenetics was 100%. Thus, using the anti-inv(16) Ab, all cytogenetically positive and RT-PCR–positive AML cases with inv(16) or t(16;16) could be rapidly identified. This study demonstrates the use of this antibody as an investigational tool in inv(16)/t(16;16) AML and suggests that the development of such reagents may have potential clinical diagnostic use.

scholarly journals Duration of viral detection in throat and rectum of a patient with COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Le Van Tan ◽  
Nghiem My Ngoc ◽  
Bui Thi Ton That ◽  
Le Thi Tam Uyen ◽  
Nguyen Thi Thu Hong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infection Control ◽  
Patient Management ◽  
Ho Chi Minh City ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Viral Detection ◽  
Oral Transmission ◽  
Viral Shedding ◽  
Clinical Recovery ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Rapid Spread

AbstractThe rapid spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) raises concern about a global pandemic. Knowledge about the duration of viral shedding remains important for patient management and infection control. We report the duration of viral detection in throat and rectum of a COVID-19 patient treated at the Hospital for Tropical Diseases in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Despite clinical recovery, SARS-CoV-2 RNA remained detectable by real time RT-PCR in throat and rectal swabs until day 11 and 18 of hospitalization, respectively. Because live SARS-CoV-2 has been successfully isolated from a stool sample from a COVID-19 patient in China, the results demonstrate that COVID-19 patients may remain infectious for long periods, and fecal-oral transmission may be possible. Therefore, our finding has important implications for infection control.

scholarly journals Comparison of in-house SARS-CoV-2 genome extraction procedures. A need for COVID-19 pandemic

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel Martin ◽  
Susana Rojo-Alba ◽  
Cristian Castelló-Abietar ◽  
Fátima Abreu-Salinas ◽  
Isabel Costales ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reference Method ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Automatic Method ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Extraction Procedures

Abstract Purpose: Among the methods used to diagnose COVID-19, those based on genomic detection by q(RT)-PCR are the most sensitive. To perform these assays, a previous genome extraction of the sample is required. The dramatic increase in the number of SARS-CoV-2 detection assays has increased the demand for extraction reagents hindering the supply of commercial reagents. Homemade reagents and procedures could be an alternative. Methods: Nasopharyngeal samples were extracted by seven different methods as well as the automatic method MagNaPure96, to detect SARS-CoV-2. Results: All protocols show sensitivity higher than 87%, in comparison with reference method, for detecting SARS-CoV-2 as well as human β- globin. Conclusions: Our results support that these procedures, using common and cheap reagents, are effective to extract RNA (from SARS-CoV-2) or DNA (from human β-globin) genome from nasopharyngeal swabs. Furthermore, these procedures could be easily adopted by routine diagnostic laboratories to implement detection methods to help to fight against COVID-19 pandemic.

scholarly journals A review: Analytical methods for heavy metals determination in environment and human samples

2019 ◽  
pp. 97-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mojtaba Arjomandi ◽  
*Hamid Shirkhanloo
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Analytical Methods ◽  
Review Paper ◽  
Clinical Chemistry ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Soil And Water

Heavy metals are vital and necessary in our daily lives. Moreover, if the amounts of heavy metals are more than the acceptable amounts (mentioned by WHO) in soil, water, and air, indeed, they cause a lot of diseases in human bodies. Therefore, monitoring and measuring the amounts of heavy metals that are arduous and difficult are so important. In this review paper, a lot of studies that have been carried out on the determination and quantification of heavy metals in human bodies, soil, and water are considered. Moreover, the effect of toxicity of each heavy metal on human health is assessed. According to WHO, EPA, NIOSH, ACGIH, and clinical chemistry, the determination of heavy metals such as Cd, Pb, Zn, Hg, Cu, Mn is very important in the human body and Environmental matrixes. 

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