Decisions on Recycling or Waste: How Packaging Functions Affect the Fate of Used Packaging in Selected Swedish Households

The intention of this paper is to learn more about why consumers choose whether or not to recycle, with special attention given to the functions of the packaging itself, in order to provide suggestions for improvements in packaging design, recycling systems and the environmental assessment of different packaging designs. The study focussed on ten households in Sweden that where motivated to participate in the study in order to gain an understanding of the complex matter of this decision-making process. The intention of implementing an interview-based qualitative study was to gain rich data and to reach beyond the respondents’ immediate verbal responses. The respondents were interviewed with open-ended questions, which were supported with pictures of packaging; additionally, their waste bins were examined. This explorative study suggests a set of obstacles that cause consumers to dispose of packaging relating to the functions of packaging. The different obstacles that determine whether or not packaging is recycled were organised according to three different themes: the attitude towards cleanliness, the effort required to clean and sort and uncertainties about the best environmental alternative. The different functions of packaging do in fact influence all of the identified themes and; therefore, influence the decisions consumers make with regards to the recycling of specific packaging. The identified packaging functions were easy to separate different materials, easy to separate different parts, easy to clean, easy to empty, easy to reseal, easy to compress and communication regarding recycling. Consumer behaviour with regards to specific packaging functions and recycling should be further investigated. It should also be considered for inclusion in design processes, to increase the chance of materials being recycled, and in food-packaging life-cycle assessments, to provide results that align more closely with reality.

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EVALUASI EYE TRACKING TERHADAP PERSEPSI WARNA DAN GAMBAR PADA PRIMARY DISPLAY PANEL KEMASAN

Jurnal Sosioteknologi ◽

10.5614/sostek.itbj.2021.20.1.9 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

pp. 91-103

Author(s):

Wirania Swasty ◽

Arry Mustikawan ◽

Moh. Isa Pramana Koesoemadinata

Keyword(s):

Eye Tracking ◽

Food Packaging ◽

Decision Making Process ◽

Data Recording ◽

Literature Study ◽

Packaging Design ◽

Recording Process ◽

Teenagers And Young Adults ◽

Primary Display ◽

Snack Products

Home industry food packaging displayed on shelves in stores will compete with products from other brands that areplaced close together. In order to attract consumers’ attention and assist them in the purchasing decision-making process, packaging that has a competitive advantage is needed. This research is limited to the Primary Display Panel (PDP) packaging of home industry banana chips. In previous studies, the research used was quantitative, but this does not reveal the whole story. The data recording process can support “what” the participant looks at but does not reveal “why” they look at it. For this reason, this research is aimed to establish a broader understanding of what participants perceive of the packaging design seen using eye tracking methods and why it happened. This study uses qualitative approach. Thestudy consists of three phases: literature study, eye tracking data recording, and data processing and interviews analyzedusing content analysis. The result is colors and images are perceived to be the same by teenagers and young adults. There is no connection between likes and dislikes for colors/images with colors preference in choosing snack products. The results can be used by producers and packaging designers to create packages that generate consumer purchase interest.

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Transnational adaptation: changing determinants of grocery store choice of German consumers in London

TRANSNATIONAL MARKETING JOURNAL ◽

10.33182/tmj.v4i1.401 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 20-40

Author(s):

Ines Oswald

Keyword(s):

Urban Areas ◽

Consumer Behaviour ◽

Grocery Store ◽

Grocery Stores ◽

Retail Sector ◽

Dynamic Nature ◽

Store Choice ◽

Large Numbers ◽

Consumer Markets ◽

Complex Matter

This paper investigates grocery store selection among Germans in Greater London compared to native UK residents. Since consumers hold so much power, the grocery retail sector is highly competitive. Additionally, understanding consumer behaviour in urban areas with large numbers of foreign nationals is a complex matter. As internationalisation continues borders are becoming increasingly blurred. Therefore, it is crucial for managers of grocery stores to understand potential cultural differences in terms of store choice. The survey examined the changes, if any, in store choice determinants among Germans living in Greater London compared retrospectively to when they were living in Germany. To provide a comparison, a small group of native UK consumers were also surveyed. The resulting comparison revealed some significant differences and changes in grocery store selection over time. These findings are also likely to be useful for managers in the grocery retail sector when addressing the dynamic nature of transnational mobile and connected consumer markets.

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Factors Affecting Customer Switching Behavior towards Hybrid Electrical Vehicles (HEV’s) from a Customer Perspective in Jordan

European Journal of Marketing and Economics ◽

10.26417/ejme.v1i3.p53-65 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 1 (3) ◽

pp. 53

Author(s):

Bushra Mahadin

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Consumer Behaviour ◽

New Technologies ◽

International Marketing ◽

Current Trend ◽

Switching Behavior ◽

Future Research ◽

Decision Making Process ◽

Customer Switching ◽

Electrical Vehicles

Purpose-This paper aims to investigate factors that affect customer switching from Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles (ICEV’s) to Hybrid Electrical Vehicles (HEV’s), in Jordan for the period of (2010-2014).Design/methodology/approach-A self-administered survey was hand-delivered to the targeted sample of car users in Jordan. The authors delivered 400 questionnaires to customers, from which 333 were deemed valid for the analysis, corresponding to the percentage of (83.25%) which indicates the validity of the study. Findings- There was no difference in switching behavior between (ICEV’s) and (HEV’s) based on gender in the Jordanian market. Fuel consumption efficiency was the number one variable that supports the switching behavior towards (HEV's), followed by Eco friendliness, lower taxes and technological features. Price and the current trend in the market were the least supporting factors. In addition to that the perception of the battery life of (HEV's), limited choices in the market, lack of information and fear of the relatively new technology were the major hindering factors of choosing an (HEV).Research limitations-Future research needs to investigate other factors that may affect customers’ behavior such as perceived image, trust, and subjective norms. Future research should investigate into the importance of environmental awareness and new technologies, and gender differences in behavior. From an international marketing standpoint, comparative studies between Jordanian and non-Jordanian customers are potential areas of future research for international marketing strategies and cross-cultural consumer behaviour analysis. Practical implications-The paper identifies the determinants of switching behavior. marketers should focus addressing customers concerns in terms of providing enough information and building awareness towards the technology and it's benefits towards the society and the environment.Originality/value-Our study is one of the few in Jordan that investigates the switching behavior towards vehicles technology. Our study is thought to have made a modest contribution to consumer behaviour literature and, specifically, for decision making process. It offers marketers insights into the determinants of switching behavior towards the hybrid vechicle technology and how this contribute to consumers’ decision making process and attitudes to achieve the intended behavioural outcomes

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strategi dalam pengambilan keputusan

10.31227/osf.io/6j9qf ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Suci Handayani Handayani ◽

Hade Afriansyah

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Imperfect Information ◽

Economic Value ◽

Decision Makers ◽

Decision Making Process ◽

Administrative Process ◽

Left Behind ◽

Information Time ◽

Complex Matter ◽

General Individuals

Decision making is one element of economic value, especially in the era of globalization, and if it is not acceptable in the decision making process, we will be left behind. According to Robins, (2003: 173), Salusu, (2000: 47), and Razik and Swanson, (1995: 476) say that decision making can be interpreted as a process of choosing a number of alternatives, how to act in accordance with concepts, or rules in solving problems to achieve individual or group goals that have been formulated using a number of specific techniques, approaches and methods and achieve optimal levels of acceptance.Decision making in organizations whether a decision is made for a person or group, the nature of the decision is often determined by rules, policies, prescribed, instructions that have been derived or practices that apply. To understand decision making within the organization it is useful to view decision making as part of the overall administrative process. In general, individuals tend to use simple strategies, even if in any complex matter, to get the desired solution, because the solution is limited by imperfect information, time and costs, limited thinking and psychological stress experienced by decision makers.

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Transparent choices: communicating packaged food content to children

Visual Communication ◽

10.1177/1470357216668693 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. 57-74 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Meaghan Brierley ◽

Charlene Elliott

Keyword(s):

Information Needs ◽

Food Packaging ◽

Food Choices ◽

Thinking Skills ◽

Critical Thinking Skills ◽

Healthy Foods ◽

Children’S Perspectives ◽

Packaging Design ◽

Food Content ◽

Packaged Food

Focusing on how children make food choices, this article presents research to support efforts to meet children’s information needs when it comes to food packaging. Using focus groups, the authors examine children’s perspectives on ‘most healthy’ and ‘least healthy’ packaged food. Findings reveal that children understand whole foods as ‘healthy’ foods, use the Nutrition Facts label to guide their decisions, and interpret package visuals as literal descriptions of what a food contains. These findings provide evidence-based support to improve food packaging design regulations. Finally, the authors call for transparent visual communication strategies, which aim to improve the critical thinking skills of children, and provide a foundation for informed decision-making across a lifetime.

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Fogyasztói magatartás a hazai utazási szolgáltatások piacán - a hibrid vásárlói magatartás vizsgálata (Consumer behaviour on market of the Hungarian travel services – Examination of hybrid consumption)

Vezetéstudomány / Budapest Management Review ◽

10.14267/veztud.2010.06.05 ◽

2010 ◽

pp. 50-62

Author(s):

Ágnes Neulinger ◽

Judit Simon ◽

Kata Kelemen ◽

Ágnes Hofmeister Tóth ◽

Edit Bódi

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Quantitative Analysis ◽

Consumer Behaviour ◽

Total Sample ◽

Decision Making Process ◽

Qualitative And Quantitative Analysis ◽

Qualitative And Quantitative ◽

Travel Services

A szerzők kutatási projektjükben a hazai lakosság utazással kapcsolatos fogyasztási, vásárlási magatartását vizsgálták, különös tekintettel a hibrid fogyasztói viselkedés alakulására. A kutatás a rendszeresen utazó vagy az utazás iránt érdeklődő csoportra terjedt ki. Az első, kvalitatív fázisban a nyaralás értelmezését, a keresés és döntés kritériumait tárták fel, majd következő lépésben statisztikai elemzésekkel vizsgálták a fogyasztói magatartás jellemzőit. Indexszámítás alapján besorolták a válaszadókat a hibrid fogyasztás kategóriáiba. Besorolásuk szerint a megtakarításorientált olcsón vásárlók és a komfortorientált márkavásárlók jelentik a legnagyobb csoportokat, az előbbi 31,9%-ot, az utóbbi 29,6%-ot képviselve a mintában. A megtakarítás-orientált márkavásárlók 21%-ot, a komfortorientált olcsón vásárlók 17,5%-ot tesznek ki. Elemzésük igazolta, hogy a hibrid vásárlói magatartás elméleti megközelítése jól használható a hazai utazási piac elemzésekor. ________ Recent study examines travelling behaviour in Hungary with special emphasis on hybrid consumption. Using qualitative and quantitative analysis the study explore the decision making process related to hybrid consumption in travel services. Based on indexes the authors classified respondents into categories of hybrid consumption. According to their classification the main groups are savings-oriented budget shoppersand comfort-oriented brand shoppers, representing 31,9% and 29,6% share in the total sample, accordingly. Based on their analysis the approach of hybrid consumption proved to be useful to analyse consumer behaviour in travel services.

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Application of Shannon’s entropy-analytic hierarchy process (AHP) for the selection of the most suitable starch as matrix in green biocomposites for takeout food packaging design

BioResources ◽

10.15376/biores.15.2.4065-4088 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (2) ◽

pp. 4065-4088

Author(s):

H. N. Salwa ◽

S. M. Sapuan ◽

M. T. Mastura ◽

M. Y. M. Zuhri

Keyword(s):

Analytic Hierarchy Process ◽

Food Packaging ◽

Shannon’S Entropy ◽

Rice Starch ◽

Sago Starch ◽

Analytic Hierarchy ◽

Design Elements ◽

Packaging Design ◽

Shannon's Entropy ◽

Hierarchy Process

Starch is a natural polymer and eligible for short-term, single-use food packaging applications. Nevertheless, different starches have different features and properties determined by their botanical plant origins. This paper presents an approach that combines Shannon’s entropy and the Analytic Hierarchy Process method to aid the selection process of starch as matrix in green biocomposites for takeout food packaging design. The proposed selection system ranks alternative starches in terms of the key design elements, i.e. strength, barrier property, weight, and cost. Shannon’s entropy established corresponding weight values for the indicators selected. Six starches: wheat, maize, potato, cassava, sago, and rice were appraised using gathered data from the literature to determine their suitability as a more sustainable option. This study found that sago starch obtained the highest priority score of 26.8%, followed by rice starch (20.2%). Sensitivity analysis was then carried out to further verify the results; sago starch was at the top rank for five of six different scenarios tested. The results showed that sago starch is the starch that can best satisfy the design requirements. Despite the results attained, the selection framework used could be enhanced with a more comprehensive attributes assessment and extensive dataset.

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Factor Analysis of Packaging Visual Design for Happiness on Organic Food—Middle-Aged and Elderly as an Example

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su11123267 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (12) ◽

pp. 3267 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Jui-Che Tu ◽

Hsing-Tzu Chang ◽

Shu-Bei Chen

Keyword(s):

Food Packaging ◽

Organic Food ◽

Differential Method ◽

Visual Design ◽

Survey Method ◽

Visual Images ◽

Middle Aged ◽

Environment Friendly ◽

Design Elements ◽

Packaging Design

This study explored the visual images that affect middle-aged and elderly consumer groups in organic food packaging design, and summarized the happiness of visual design elements for organic food as a reference for design. This study used expert interviews, the KJ method to collect image vocabulary and select representative samples, and the Semantic Differential method (SD method) to evaluate the happiness image of organic food. Then, the questionnaire survey method was used to investigate the subjects’ attention regarding happiness in the visual design elements of organic food. This study adopted one-way ANOVA to understand the differences of consumers’ visual images for different organic food packages. The results show that the living patterns of the consumer groups in organic food packaging design can be classified into four groups. The “Self-actualization Group” thinks that happiness organic food packaging is healthy, reassuring, environment-friendly, healing, comfortable, and novel. The “Caring for Health Group” believes that happiness organic food packaging is healthy, reassuring, and environmentally friendly. The “Lohas Food Safety Group” believes that happiness organic food is packaged in a healthy, simple, and environment-friendly way. The “Extroverted Loyalty Group” believes that happiness organic food packaging is healthy, comfortable, professional, simple, environment-friendly, and novel.

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Consumer Decision-making at the Base of the Pyramid: Synthesis of Literature and an Integrative Framework

The Marketing Review ◽

10.1362/146934718x15434305916853 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 18 (3) ◽

pp. 270-306

Author(s):

Nanda Choudhury ◽

Srabanti Mukherjee ◽

Biplab Datta

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Literature Review ◽

Consumer Behaviour ◽

Marketing Strategies ◽

Decision Making Process ◽

Consumer Decision Making ◽

Base Of The Pyramid ◽

Consumer Decision ◽

Integrative Framework ◽

New Perspective

As a pioneering effort, this study analyses the consumer decision-making process at the Base of the Pyramid (BoP). This study proposes consumer vulnerability, bounded rationality, locking-in effect and opportunism as major constructs influencing the consumer decision-making process at the BoP. Using a Systematic Literature Review (SLR), this study has integrated the transaction cost perspective into the consumer decision-making process at the BoP, which is a novel contribution to the literature of consumer behaviour. This work has recognised the importance of the retailer and its role in the decision-making process, and adds a new perspective to the study of BoP as well as to consumer behaviour theories. This study will be helpful to businesses while serving the BoP segment by crafting appropriate marketing strategies for this segment.

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