scholarly journals Study of Forest Productivity in the Occurrence of Forest Fires in Galicia (Spain)

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 8472
Author(s):  
Gervasio López-Rodríguez ◽  
Verónica Rodríguez-Vicente ◽  
Manuel F. Marey-Pérez
Keyword(s):  
Forest Fires ◽  
Lower Incidence ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Social Conflict ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Productivity Loss ◽  
Forest Productivity ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Collective Ownership ◽  
Productivity Gain

The occurrence and intensity of forest fires is a phenomenon in which factors of various kinds converge, including climatic, physiographic, socioeconomic and territorial, among others. While the scientific literature has been stating that the causes of fires are related social conflict, other factors must also be considered for a more thorough analysis. In Galicia (northwest Spain), human-caused fires account for up to 95% of the total annual fires, highlighting the importance of examining in detail social and/or economic factors that may influence the occurrence or absence of this type of phenomenon. This paper discusses the influence and weight of forest productivity and the potential economic value of wooded areas on the incidence of forest fires in private mountains of collective ownership (montes vecinales en mano común). Our results indicate that the presence of productive wooded areas of the region determines a lower incidence, both in terms of the number of forest fires and the area affected. It was found that in areas where there was a loss in productivity, the fire rate increased by almost 36%. It is also observed that in MVMCs with productivity gain, the incidence of fires in shrubland areas was 46.26% higher than in wooded areas, while in MVMCs with productivity loss, the occurrence of fires in shrubland areas was 18.95% higher than that observed in wooded areas.

“YOUTH BULGES” IN EUROPE AND ASIA: HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE AND ECONOMIC FACTORS OF RISK ACTIVATION

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (6) ◽  
pp. 214-224
Author(s):  
Yu. V ZIN’KINA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Political Stability ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Political Demography ◽  
Economic Nature

The article considers the phenomenon of “youth bulges” - the appearance in the population structure of numerous youth cohorts. The connection between the emergence of a “youth bulges” in society and the risks of political destabilization, which attracted the attention of a number of experts in the field of political demography, is analyzed and confirmed by examples from countries of two regions - Europe and Asia, where, unlike Europe, the influence of the phenomenon of “youth bulges” on political stability was not previously considered systematically. A significant layer of scientific literature has been analyzed and systematized, considering economic factors that increase the risk of political destabilization against the backdrop of a “youth bulges”; the key factors of an economic nature and their relationship with each other are highlighted.

The Australian sheep industry - undergoing transformation

2010 ◽  
Vol 50 (12) ◽  
pp. 991 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. B. Rowe
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Genetic Selection ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Sheep Industry ◽  
Sheep Meat ◽  
Productivity Gain ◽  
Australian Sheep ◽  
Meat Market

Changes in the sheep industry over the last 20 years represent a trend that is unlikely to be reversed. The farm gate value of wool production has decreased from over $6 billion to ~$2.5 billion and the value of sheep meat has increased from $0.5 to $2.2 billion. Wool and meat are now on an equal footing in terms of the economic value of each sector of the industry. Future profitability of both wool and sheep meat production depends on achieving a high rate of productivity gain and improving quality attributes valued by consumers. Wool and sheep meat cannot compete on price or volume with synthetics and cotton in the textile market or with chicken and pork in the meat market. Differentiation based on quality and consistency needs to be measurable and clearly understood by consumers. The combination of genetic selection and good management can deliver improved productivity gain. Skills development and training will be essential for the industry to fully utilise available knowledge and new technologies.

Valuation of Rainforest Preservation in the Amazon

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jon Strand
Keyword(s):  
Forest Fires ◽  
Stated Preference ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
Carbon Price ◽  
Amazon Rainforest ◽  
Amazon Forest ◽  
Marginal Value ◽  
Regulating Services ◽  
Provisioning Services

Different ecosystem values of the Amazon rainforest are surveyed in economic terms. Spatial rainforest valuation is crucial for good forest management, such as where to put the most effort to stop illegal logging and forest fires, and which areas to designate as new nationally protected areas. Three classes of economic value are identified, according to who does the valuation: values accruing to the local and regional populations (of South America); carbon values (which are global); and other global (noncarbon) values. Only the first two classes are discussed. Three types of value are separated according to ecosystem service delivered from the rainforest: provisioning services; supporting and regulating services; and cultural and other human services. Net values of provisioning services, including reduced impact logging and various non-timber forest products, are well documented for the entire Brazilian Amazon at a spatially detailed scale and amount to at least $20–50/ha/year. Less-detailed information exists about values of fish, game, and bioprospecting from the Amazon, although their total values can be shown to be sizable. Many supporting and regulating services are harder to value economically, in particular climate regulation and watershed and erosion protection. Impacts of changed rainfall when Amazon rainforest is lost have been valued at detailed scale, but with relative model values of $10–20/ha/year. Carbon values are much larger, at a carbon price of $30/ton CO2, around $14,000/ha as capitalized value. The average per-hectare value of tourism and the health benefits from having the Amazon forest are low, and such values cannot easily be pinned down to individual areas of the Amazon. Finally, the biodiversity values of the Amazon, as accruing to the local and regional population, seem to be small based on recent stated-preference work in Brazil. Most of the values related to biodiversity are likely to be global and may. in principle, be very large, but the global components are not valued here. The concept of value is discussed, and a marginal valuation concept (practically useful for policy) is favored as opposed to an average or total valuation. Marginal value can be below average value (as is likely for biodiversity and tourism), but can also in some contexts be higher. This can occur where losing forest at a local scale increases the prevalence of forest fires and where it increases forest dryness, leading to a multiplier process whereby more forest is lost. While strides have recently been made to improve rainforest valuation at both micro- and macroscales, much work still remains.

scholarly journals Religious Community Harmony In Hadith Perspective

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Naimatus Tsaniyah
Keyword(s):  
Social Conflict ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Religious Community ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
The World ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
The Way

The study of religious harmony is essential as religious sentiments often lead to conflict of tension. Not only in Indonesia, but also in other parts of the world, although social, political, economic factors are quite coloring, but religion cannot be denied its role in social conflict. This is meanly related to the lack of tolerance towards other faiths. Among the way to create religious harmony is to examine the framework of Islamic epistemology analysis on the basis of religious harmony. Islamic epistemology believes in the source of the truth of revelation, reason, empirical, and intuition. The methods and tools used in the search of truth are the guidance of revelation, reason, empirical, and intuition. The Theological basis examined in this study is derived from The Hadiths of The Prophet Muhammad that are relevant with religious harmony. This study is included in the literature study category with primary data taken from the books of hadiths and supported by secondary data from various books that examine the religious harmony. Islamic epistemology is used as an analytical blade of foundation for exploring sources of truth which are related to the foundations of religious harmony in the hadiths of the Prophet Muhammad which later expected to grow awareness to respect each other. This step is expected to be one of intersection that bridges the realization of religious harmony, especially in Indonesia.

scholarly journals Interaction between family and school as the main educational institution in society.

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 18-24
Author(s):  
Svetlana S. Ignatovich ◽  
◽  
Vladlen K. Ignatovich ◽  
Arina V. Ignatovich ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Educational Institution ◽  
Family Education ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Child Socialization ◽  
Psychological Mechanisms ◽  
Cultural Phenomenon ◽  
The Family ◽  
Modern Family ◽  
Socio Economic Factors

The article describes the problem of formation (development) a child in a family. It demonstrates a problem in parent-child relationships.Distinctive features and characteristics of the modern family are given. The article analyzes scientific literature and methodological recommendations on family education. The basic rules on the basis of which the in-teraction between family and school as the main educational institution in society is based are highlighted. The family as a socio-cultural phenomenon allows us to speak not about forming it according to a certain set pattern, but about optimizing the process of family education. Psychological mechanisms of child socialization in the family are revealed. It is shown that in addition to the main socio-economic factors, other factors – biological, psychological, moral, and demographic-are involved in the transformation of the family. It is noted that family life is characterized by numerous relationships: socio-biological, economic, moral, and psychological. From the variety of functions performed by the family, educational and parental functions are highlighted.

scholarly journals The Potential Clash of Social Relationship between Muslim and Buddhist (Case Study on the Conflict of Buddha Statue in Tanjungbalai City, North Sumatra)

2013 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 155
Author(s):  
Irwansyah Irwansyah
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Social Relationship ◽  
Social Conflict ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Religious Conflicts ◽  
The Social ◽  
Document Review ◽  
North Sumatra ◽  
Research Fact

<p><em>Socio-religious conflicts that occurred in Tanjungbalai City allegedly caused by the establishment of Buddha Statue. This research aims to reveal how relations between Muslim and Buddhist in Tanjungbalai. This study classified as qualitative research. Fact were obtained through observation, interviews, and document review. The results showed social conflict occurred after the establishment of Buddha Statue. Tanjungbalai as one of “China town”, to trigger the social jealousy. In addition to the economic factors are controlled by China,  Tanjungbalai City the majority of Muslims, did not accept the establishment of 6 metre tall Buddha Statue that was on the fourth floor of the building Vihara Tri Ratna. Muslims aliancy movement asking for removal of the statue. Buddhists being defensive and worried that the Malays (Muslims) think that the Buddhist same with “the Chinese”.</em></p>

scholarly journals The Role of Basic Business Skills Development and Their Influence on South African Small, Medium and Micro Enterprise Sustainability

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 48
Author(s):  
Juan-Pierré Bruwer ◽  
Judith Smith
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Skills Development ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Foreseeable Future ◽  
Business Skills ◽  
Business Entities ◽  
The Individual

South African Small, Medium and Micro Enterprises (SMMEs) have received vast amounts of attention from both government and scholars over the years, mainly due to the socio-economic value they add to the national economy. Notwithstanding the importance of these business entities to the South African economy, prior research suggests that South African SMMEs have one of the worst sustainability rates in the world; mainly attributable to the influence of unmanaged economic factors. Included in these economic factors is the matter of a scarcity of skills, particularly that of basic business skills. Though limited research has been conducted on the individual business skills which require development in South African SMMEs the perception was formulated that the development of basic business skills in these business entities may have a positive influence on their attainment of key businesses objectives in the foreseeable future. As such, empirical research was performed which fell within the positivistic research paradigm; data were gleaned from South African SMME management through means of a questionnaire. Stemming from the results, it was found that although there is a dire need for the development of basic business skills in South African SMMEs. It can be argued that some basic business skills were more important to develop than others as only a few had a positive influence on the attainment of business objectives.  

Lake Ontario's Sport Fisheries: Socioeconomic Research Progress and Needs

1991 ◽  
Vol 48 (8) ◽  
pp. 1595-1601 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tommy L. Brown ◽  
Barbara A. Knuth ◽  
Fredric C. Menz
Keyword(s):  
Economic Value ◽  
Lake Ontario ◽  
Coastal Communities ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Dynamic Information ◽  
Information Base ◽  
The Public ◽  
Sport Fisheries ◽  
Sport Fish

The management process of an aquatic system such as Lake Ontario depends on a dynamic information base and occurs within an environment comprising ecological, social, cultural, political, and economic factors. It is critical that this information base include socioeconomic components pertaining to resource user values and behaviors as well as the traditional ecological components. This paper reviews socioeconomic information pertaining to the utilization and valuation of Lake Ontario's sport fisheries. It also examines the socioeconomic components of assessing the risks to humans posed by contaminants present in sport fish, communicating this information to fish consumers, and monitoring and understanding human responses to these communications. Several studies have examined the economic impacts of sport fishing on coastal communities of Lake Ontario. Few studies have examined the net economic value of sportfishing to anglers, or how contaminants have reduced such values. Similarly, few studies have examined how the public responds to information about contaminants in sport fish. Some research in these areas is currently underway.

scholarly journals Dually Operated Control Cupola Furnace With Maintaining Constant Air Blast for Improving Production Gain of Iron

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Pulse Width Modulation ◽  
Heating Temperature ◽  
Productivity Loss ◽  
Control Valve ◽  
Melting Rate ◽  
Speed Ratio ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Cupola Furnace ◽  
Air Blast ◽  
Productivity Gain

Cupola furnace is the most commonly used for the melting of ferrous metals and alloys. The key challenge in this paper is variation of air blast which lead to productivity loss and moreover affects the small scale industries. In order to overcome the above key challenge our work has proposed a Dually Operated Control Cupola Furnace which states that constant air blast can be obtained by controlling manually as well as automatic. Manual operation is obtained by maintaining constant Motor-Torque-Speed-Ratio using inverter driven blower along with space vector pulse width modulation. Automatic operation inhabits a feedback control system using nonlinear model predictive controller which is operated on control valve driven blower. Automatic operated cupola furnace obtains a prediction value for obtaining the productivity gain based on number of experimental observations and overall gives the required constant air blast by considering blast volume, blast temperature and oxygen enrichment. Thus our model enhances the system performance by achieving productivity gain in terms of melting rate and super heating temperature.

scholarly journals REPRESENTASI STRATIFIKASI MASYARAKAT JAWADALAM NOVEL GADIS PANTAI KARYA PRAMOEDYA ANANTA TOER

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 132
Author(s):  
Febrianti Mardhatillah ◽  
Yenni Hayati
Keyword(s):  
Social Stratification ◽  
Social Conflict ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Social Conflicts ◽  
Ordinary People ◽  
Pramoedya Ananta Toer ◽  
Rank 2 ◽  
The Impact

This study aims to describe the representation of Javanese social stratificationin Pantai Gadis novel by Paramoedya Ananta Toer, which includes: (1) the formof social stratification of the Javanese community, (2) the causes of of the Javanese community, and (3) the impact of the socialstratification of the Javanese community. This research is a qualitative studyand descriptive methods. Based on the analysis of the data obtained; (1) theform of social stratification in Javanese society is the division of aristocraticgroups (Ndra), priyayi (bureaucrats), and the underprivileged (ordinary people)because they are influenced by factors of power or rank, (2) the causes ofJavanese stratification are several one factor is wealth, power and povertybecause in general the cause is from a person's economic factors, and (3) theimpact of social stratification of the Javanese community one of which isdiscriminatory from various parties both upper and lower classes, then existence of ethnocentrism (boasting of one's own culture ), it means that theculture it has is good and must be numbered while other cultures do not, andthe last one is social conflict, many social conflicts occur because of the 2previous impacts, namely discrimination and ethnocentrism, social conflictsoccur because of inner turmoil towards individuals.Keywords : form of stratification, cause of stratification, and effect ofstratification

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