scholarly journals Electric Vehicle Assignment Considering Users’ Waiting Time

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 13484
Author(s):  
Weimin Ma ◽  
Jiakai Chen ◽  
Hua Ke
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Waiting Time ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Order Fulfillment ◽  
Electric Car ◽  
Assignment Model ◽  
Vehicle Assignment ◽  
Set Up

A one-way electric-car-sharing system is an environmentally friendly option for urban transportation systems, which can reduce air pollution and traffic congestion with effective vehicle assignment. However, electric vehicle assignment usually faces a dilemma where an insufficient battery level cannot fulfill the requests of users. It greatly affects assignment choices and order fulfillment rates, resulting in the loss of platform profit. In this study, with the assumption that the users agree to wait for a period of time during which electric vehicles can be charged to fulfill trip demands, we proposed a waiting-time policy and introduced users’ utility to measure user retention. Then, we set up a bi-level electric-vehicle assignment model with a waiting-time policy to optimize the assignment and waiting decisions. The numerical results show that under the waiting-time policy, we can achieve more profits, a higher trip fulfillment rate, and a significant improvement in vehicle utilization. It not only generates more profits for the platform but also provides a better service for users and lays a user foundation for the future development and operation.

Electric Vehicle Improved by Three-Phase Asynchronous Cooled Motor

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Rattighieri ◽  
Michele Trancossi ◽  
Nicola Dorigo Salomon ◽  
Dean Vucinic
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Rotation Speed ◽  
Reggio Emilia ◽  
Heavy Load ◽  
Power Train ◽  
Electric Car ◽  
Three Phase ◽  
Cabin Interior

This paper presents the EVITA electric car. EVITA is the acronym of Electric Vehicle Improved by Three-phase Asynchronous cooled motor. It is a research project developed jointly by RGEngineering and University of Modena and Reggio Emilia. It aims to produce a novel electric power train with the capability of solving three fundamental problems of today commercial electric vehicles: 1. direct torque dependency of the rotation speed, and its reduction at high speed regimes; 2. electric motors performances reduction due to the overheating effects under heavy load conditions; 3. acclimatization of the car cabin interior in winter times.

scholarly journals The Evolution of the E-Vehicle Industry and its Path Towards Setting up Dominance in Automobile Industry - A Case Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 38-49
Author(s):  
Anantha Murthy ◽  
Nethravathi P. S.
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Automobile Industry ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Stable Operation ◽  
Problems And Solutions ◽  
The Government ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Government Legislation

Background/Purpose: The electric vehicle (EV) has gained a lot of attention from researchers in the twenty-first century as a green travel tool, leading to a series of in-depth studies. With the advancement of high-capacity batteries and electric vehicles, the value of electric vehicles will skyrocket, posing new problems to the power grid's safe and stable operation. This article briefly discusses a certain area of electric vehicles, such as government legislation, employability options, market trends, problems, and solutions to connected issues. Objective: The growth of the vehicle industry and its progress toward the government of India's "Make in India" mission for electric vehicles, as part of the National Electric Mobility Mission Plan to set up dominance in the automobile industry. Design/Methodology/Approach: Presentation of information collected from various scholarly articles, web articles, and analysis using the SWOC framework. Findings/Results: Based on the analysis of facts and figures and also by looking at the various scenarios of expansion of the electric vehicle industry in India, it is seen that this industry has seen considerable growth and progress in various avenues such as creating employment opportunities and country's economy. Few recommendations are also suggested to take the concept further. Research limitations/implications: The study is limited to the electric vehicle industry, though a total of 25 Industry sectors have been identified under ‘Make in India’. Originality/Value: This paper focuses on the growth of the electric vehicle industry and the factors that helped towards making ‘Make in India’ a reality. It also talks about the support given by Government to achieve the same. Paper Type: A Research Case study paper on the growth and dominance of the electric vehicle Industry and realization of the ‘Make in India’ concept.

scholarly journals Research on Charging-Discharging Operation Strategy for Electric Vehicles Based on Different Trip Patterns for Various City Types in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Sirui Qi ◽  
Zhengchong Lin ◽  
Junwen Song ◽  
Xinwei Lin ◽  
Yan Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Power Distribution ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Operation Strategy ◽  
Grid Operation ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Functional Areas

Connecting large numbers of electric vehicles to the power grid creates challenges for the operation of the power distribution network, but also provides a new method for supporting grid operation. This paper considers the trip patterns of electric vehicle users in China, including their trip starting time, traffic congestion, vehicle energy consumption, and other factors. We develop a charging–discharging operation strategy for electric vehicles in different functional areas with the goal of minimizing the cost of distribution network, which considers the distribution patterns of electric vehicles in different functional areas. As different types of cities in China have different proportions of electric vehicle users who follow different travel chains, we provide multiple examples showing the effectiveness of our proposed V2G method in different cities.

scholarly journals A Hybrid Method for Predicting Traffic Congestion during Peak Hours in the Subway System of Shenzhen

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhenwei Luo ◽  
Yu Zhang ◽  
Lin Li ◽  
Biao He ◽  
Chengming Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hybrid Method ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Traffic Demand ◽  
Assignment Model ◽  
Subway System

Traffic congestion, especially during peak hours, has become a challenge for transportation systems in many metropolitan areas, and such congestion causes delays and negative effects for passengers. Many studies have examined the prediction of congestion; however, these studies focus mainly on road traffic, and subway transit, which is the main form of transportation in densely populated cities, such as Tokyo, Paris, and Beijing and Shenzhen in China, has seldom been examined. This study takes Shenzhen as a case study for predicting congestion in a subway system during peak hours and proposes a hybrid method that combines a static traffic assignment model with an agent-based dynamic traffic simulation model to estimate recurrent congestion in this subway system. The homes and work places of the residents in this city are collected and taken to represent the traffic demand for the subway system of Shenzhen. An origin-destination (OD) matrix derived from the data is used as an input in this method of predicting traffic, and the traffic congestion is presented in simulations. To evaluate the predictions, data on the congestion condition of subway segments that are released daily by the Shenzhen metro operation microblog are used as a reference, and a comparative analysis indicates the appropriateness of the proposed method. This study could be taken as an example for similar studies that model subway traffic in other cities.

Electric Car-Sharing as a Solution Supporting the Development of Electromobility and an Element of the Travel Chain

2020 ◽  
pp. 211-229
Author(s):  
Grzegorz Sierpiński ◽  
Katarzyna Turoń
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Carbon Footprint ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Car Sharing ◽  
Electric Car ◽  
The City ◽  
Positive Effect

The recently observed increase in the number of car-sharing operators using a fleet of electric vehicles created an opportunity to expand existing ecological travel chains. Electromobility is one of travelling options that reduces the transport carbon footprint. The goal of the chapter is to draw attention to the need of using car-sharing to promote environmentally friendly behavior and overcome concerns related to using an electric vehicle. The work presents the development of electric car-sharing in Europe and indicates challenges for further expansion of electromobility. By adding electric-car-sharing to the travel chain, the perception of ecological travelling significantly changes, since it combines various advantages for the user (e.g., comfort of travelling and individual trip) and a positive effect of such a choice on the environment and the city.

scholarly journals Reinforcement Learning Based Passengers Assistance System for Crowded Public Transportation in Fog Enabled Smart City

Electronics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1501
Author(s):  
Gone Neelakantam ◽  
Djeane Debora Onthoni ◽  
Prasan Kumar Sahoo
Keyword(s):  
Waiting Time ◽  
Public Transportation ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Smart City ◽  
Data Centers ◽  
Fog Computing ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Assistance System ◽  
Computing Platform ◽  
Iot Devices

Crowding in city public transportation systems is a primary issue that causes delay in the mobility of passengers. Moreover, scheduled and unscheduled events in a city lead to excess crowding situations at the metro or bus stations. The Internet of Things (IoT) devices could be used for data collection, which are related to crowding situations in a smart city. The fog computing data centers located in different zones of a smart city can process and analyze the collected data to assist the passengers how to commute smoothly with minimum waiting time in the crowded situation. In this paper, Q-learning based passengers assistance system is designed to assist the commuters in finding less crowded bus and metro stations to avoid long queues of waiting. The traffic congestion and crowded situation data are processed in the fog computing data centers. From our experimental results, it is found that our proposed method can achieve higher reward values, which can be used to minimize the passengers’ waiting time with minimum computational delay as compared to the cloud computing platform.

Comparison of Green House Gases Emitted by Electrical and Gasoline Cars, Taking Into Consideration Performance

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kau-Fui Vincent Wong ◽  
Nicolas Perilla
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Specific Power ◽  
Green House Gases ◽  
Electric Cars ◽  
Green House ◽  
Electric Car ◽  
Gasoline Vehicles

The goal of this study is to add to the understanding of the overall emissions caused by cars using both gasoline and existing alternative fuels. We will include the emission from the vehicle itself and also from upstream sources, primarily the source of the energy used to actually move the vehicle. The fact that electric motors have better efficiencies than internal combustion engines and the fact that power plants usually have higher thermal efficiencies than an engine seems to suggest that that the electric vehicle will be the more efficient in terms of emissions per vehicle kilometer. The complexities of vehicle propulsion become evident when one compares all the details of the available options, such as electric vehicles have to transport extra weight in batteries to increase performance. In this work we evaluate the emissions from electric and gasoline vehicles that are on the road. The data shows under most conditions the current vehicles have lower emissions than gasoline cars in terms of kilograms of carbon dioxide per kilometer. The different propulsion systems are then evaluated in how they would perform in moving a standardized vehicle including the system itself through a standardized cycle, to assess whether differences in emissions are the result of the system itself or other design differences. This study found that while in general the electric vehicle is better, the source of the electricity is a crucial factor in the determination. It is found that the cars currently being produced produce less green house gases than the gasoline cars on the average. In fact two of the four cars performed better even at the highest possible emission levels. While this casts a positive light on the electric car, it is a simplistic way of looking at the data. The calculations also show that the performance levels of the gasoline cars are much higher than the electric cars; this could be the main reason for the lower emissions of electric cars. The second part of this study is focused on quantifying the differences in emissions by studying that from a standardized car in all 50 states and D.C. These differences arise from the different levels of emissions owing to the variety of combinations of methods used and the methods themselves in the generation of electricity within the 51 regions. An analysis is done on of the most efficient car that could be made with commercially available products. The results show the dependence of actual emission on the energy source. Although the national, California, Florida and lowest averages all beat the performance of the gasoline vehicle, the gasoline car won if the electric car was operated in D.C. using electricity generated in the D.C. Results for the electric car in all 51 regions and for the gasoline car have been obtained. There is an implication that lower specific power would result in more states where electric vehicles will emit more green house gases. Assuming that new cars do use the higher specific power batteries, electric vehicles will produce less green house gases than gasoline vehicles at a national level.

scholarly journals THE STUDY ABOUT ELECTRIC VEHICLES IN LITHUANIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 255-263
Author(s):  
Jurgita Ginavičienė ◽  
Indrė Sprogytė
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Circular Economy ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Literature Analysis ◽  
Electric Cars ◽  
Electric Car ◽  
Electrical Vehicle ◽  
Vehicle Market

Electric cars are very important for the circular economy. If we are using the electric vehicle we can reduce emission savings and protect the environment. Electric vehicles can contribute to energy efficiency, reducing carbon emissions unfortunately, despite everything, the development of the electric vehicle market in Lithuania remains relatively slow. Electric vehicles are more expensive than traditional vehicles, there is a lack of the necessary infrastructure, and consumers do not have enough information on the benefits of green cars. The main purpose of this article is to research electric vehicles market in Lithuania. The methods of research include scientific literature analysis, statistics data comparative analysis. Electrical vehicle market in Lithuania is growing. From 2017 until 2020 M1 class electric cars was purchased 35 %. At the same period the market of new electric car increased 50 %, used electric vehicle increased only 27 %.  

Simulation study on improvement of air quality by introducing electric vehicles

2015 ◽  
Vol 06 (04) ◽  
pp. 1550042 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yiman Du ◽  
Jianping Wu ◽  
Kezhen Hu ◽  
Yue Guo
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Nitrogen Oxides ◽  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Simulation Study ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Current Situation ◽  
Simulation Platform ◽  
Pollutant Concentrations

Recently, Chinese megacities have suffered serious air pollution. Previous studies have pointed out that transportation systems have become one of the major sources of air pollution and on-road pollutant concentrations are significantly higher than off-road. Electric vehicle (EV) introduction is proposed as a method to alleviate the current situation. In order to better understand the benefit of the use of EVs in Beijing, a simulation platform has been developed to evaluate the improvement of air quality with the use of EVs quantitatively within the selected area. Four scenarios with different EV penetration rates are proposed and the results revealed 5%, 10%, 15% EV penetration rates which will bring about improvement of 0.86%, 9.01% and 12.23% for PM2.5, 0.92%, 9.01% and 13.32% for nitrogen oxides (NOx), 0.95%, 8.86% and 13.73% for CO, respectively. The results revealed a promising improvement of air quality with the introduction of EVs.

scholarly journals Efficiency of electric vehicle interior heating systems at low ambient temperatures

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 499-507
Author(s):  
Maciej Gis ◽  
Piotr Wiśniowski ◽  
Mateusz Bednarski
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Electric Heater ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Vehicle Interior ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Electric Car ◽  
Car Market ◽  
The Moment

Abstract The electric car market is becoming more and more extensive. According to ACEA, in 2019, 549,387 full electric passenger vehicles, hybrid plug-ins and hydrogen vehicles were registered in the European Union. Thus, it is an increase of 52.9 percent compared to 2018. Germany is the leader with 108 839 registrations of vehicles (+60.9% y/y). Great Britain achieved an increase of 21.5 percent y/y and the number of registrations at 72 834 pieces. The Netherlands came next (66 957 pcs, + 146.3% y/y), France (61 356 pcs, +34.6% y/y) and Sweden (40 406 pcs, + 39.4% y/y). Registration results in Europe shows that the popularity of electric vehicles is increasing. Along with the development of this type of vehicles, the technology used in their construction also changes. The biggest calls at the moment are batteries for these vehicles, as well as their ranges on a single charge. There are already vehicles with ranges of 500 km or even 600 km. However, it turns out that these are not the only problems with electric vehicles One of the drawbacks is the way they heat their passenger cabins. There is no typical heater in an electric vehicle as in the case of a vehicle with a conventional drive. For this purpose, e.g. an electric heater with a blower is used for this purpose. For this reason, the authors of the paper decided to determine the efficiency of the heating system in an electric vehicle at low ambient temperatures. Own tests were carried out on the vehicle at temperatures of +5°C, −5°C and −10°C. Based on the research, the authors of the paper could draw conclusions on how to heat the interior in the electric vehicle under test, as well as check whether the efficiency of such a system for individual places in the car is sufficient to obtain the set temperature.

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