The features of the salmonellosis course in children

Author(s):  
Sergey Borisovich Panchenko

Salmonellosis is one of the most common intestinal infections with an established type of pathogen. It is caused by various subtypes of bacteria of the genus Salmonella, with domestic animals being the main source of infection. The infection can occur both through the contact with infected animals and by eating infected foods (eggs, cottage cheese, milk, sour cream, meat). Due to the immaturity of the immune system, the disease mainly affects children; more than half of the affected are preschoolers. Representatives of this age group are not yet fully aware of the need to observe the rules of personal hygiene and are inclined to taste everything; dirty hands, toys, and household items can serve as a source of infection. Newborns can become infected from adult carriers of Salmonella infection. There are frequent cases of mass infection by salmonellosis in organized children’s groups; the cause of the disease can be infected food products that have not undergone proper heat treatment, violation of sanitary and hygienic standards during the storage and preparation of products, as well as infected service personnel.

1971 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. C. Goel ◽  
D. C. Kulshrestha ◽  
E. H. Marth ◽  
D. W. Francis ◽  
J. G. Bradshaw ◽  
...  

Aerobacter (Enterobacter) aerogenes and Escherichia coli were inoculated separately into commercially produced samples of yogurt, buttermilk, sour cream, and cottage cheese. Inoculated products were stored at 7.2 C and were tested daily for up to 10 days to determine changes in numbers of coliforms and in pH values. The number of viable coliforms in yogurt declined dramatically and was markedly different from the initial value after only 24 hr of storage. Usually, survival of coliforms in yogurt did not exceed 3 days of holding. In buttermilk, most often a marked decline in numbers of coliforms was evident after 24 hr of storage. A substantial reduction in numbers (>50% of organisms present initially) of A. aerogenes B199 occurred in sour cream during the first 24 hr of storage, but a similar decline in numbers of E. coli and A. aerogenes FD was not evident until after 3 days of storage. Changes in numbers of E. coli and A. aerogenes in cottage cheese generally were not as rapid as in other products during the first days of storage. A few cottage cheese samples, however, did support rapid increases in test culture numbers. Because of the rapid decline in numbers of coliforms in yogurt, buttermilk, and sour cream, the provision in Standard Methods for the Examination of Dairy Products that permits examination of some of these products for up to 48 hr after manufacture seems inadvisable.


2013 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane Megid ◽  
Carlos R. Teixeira ◽  
Adriana Cortez ◽  
Marcos B. Heinemann ◽  
João M.A.P. Antunes ◽  
...  

Infectious diseases in wild animals have been increasing as a result of their habitat alterations and closer contact with domestic animals. Canine distemper virus (CDV) has been reported in several species of wild carnivores, presenting a threat to wildlife conservation. We described the first case of canine distemper virus infection in lesser grison (Galictis cuja). A free-ranging individual, with no visible clinical sigs, presented sudden death after one day in captivity. Molecular diagnosis for CDV infection was performed using whole blood collected by postmortem intracardiac puncture, which resulted positive. The virus phylogeny indicated that domestic dogs were the probable source of infection.


1989 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cruz Manuel Aguilar ◽  
Elizabeth F. Rangel ◽  
Leonardo Garcia ◽  
Elio Fernandez ◽  
Hooman Momen ◽  
...  

After outbreaks of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Solano State, Venezuela, 5% of the population had parasitized ulcers while after similar outbreaks in Mesquita, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil, 9% had the disease. In these foci children, including some under six years of age, wre affected. There was no significant difference in the occurence of the disease according to sex or type of employment. In Solano, 3% of dogs and 28% of donkeys had parasitized lesions, while in Mesquita these indices were 19.8% and 30.8% respectively. The parasite from man, dogs and equines was identified as Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis, by zymodeme and serodeme characterization. In these foci there is evidence suggesting that leishmaniasis is a zoonosis, possibly with equine and dogs as reservoirs, although both a wild enzootic cycle and the role of man as a source of infection can not be ruled out. Transmission is assumed to occur peridomestically by sandfly vectors such as Lutzomyia panamensis in Venezuela and Lutzomyia intermedia in Brazil. Information about the origin of these foci suggests that infected equines may be an important factor in the dissemination of the parasite in a peridomestic situation where these sandflies are abundant.


2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 218-220
Author(s):  
ABM Belayet Hossain ◽  
Quazi Md Rashid Un Nabi ◽  
Md Julfikkar Alam ◽  
Sheikh Shahidul Islam ◽  
Shaikh Mohammad Edi Ameen

Introduction: Reproductive tract infections (RTIs) are being increasingly recognized as a serious global health problem with impact on individual women and men, their families and communities. RTIs are a group of disease that cause infection of the genital tract and include both those that are sexually transmitted and those that are not. RTIs are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in both men and women, especially in women of reproductive age. Objectives: To determine the socio-demographic characteristics among women with RTIs attending at gynecology outpatient department, CMH, Dhaka. Materials and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out with a view to find out the socio-demographic characteristics of women with RTIs and their common clinical presentations. The study was conducted among women of reproductive age group of Bangladesh Armed Forces attending at Gynecology OPD, CMH Dhaka, for the period of 1st march to 30th June 2011. A total of 128 women (114 married and 14 were unmarried) were interviewed with the help of structured question and checklist. Data was collected through clinical diagnostic approach made by gynecologists. Results: It was found that highest percentage of respondents (32.8%) were in the age group of 30-34 years, mean age at marriage was 17.79 years. The highest percentage of respondents (46.5%) was married at the age range of 16-18 years. Among the respondents, 89.1% were married and 10.9% were unmarried. The women with higher education level had lower occurrence of RTIs than women with lower education. In relation to status of spouse of married women, RTIs were significantly more among the wife of other ranks. Practice of personal hygiene during menstruation showed safe positive impact on RTIs. It was found that 50% respondents were presenting with vaginal discharge (Leucorrhoea). Most of the causes were vaginitis (38.3%). Conclusion: Study findings indicate that high prevalence of RTIs among women is due to the influence of less educational status, low income and also husband's educational background and employment status. JAFMC Bangladesh. Vol 15, No 2 (December) 2019: 218-220


2001 ◽  
Vol 82 (6) ◽  
pp. 446-450
Author(s):  
S. V. Khaliullina ◽  
V. A. Anokhin

The problem of campylobacteriosis (CB) has been widely covered in the national and foreign literature over the past 10-20 years. Probably, the interest to this topic is due to a number of reasons. From a microbiological point of view, the causative agent of CB was discovered relatively recently and is an actively studied microorganism. At the same time, the responsibility of the microbe for the development of diseases in domestic animals and birds brings it into the category of problems of veterinary pathology. In medical terms, CB, taking into account modern epidemiological studies, is attributed to the group of the most common bacterial intestinal infections in children of different age groups, since it causes from 5 to 44.9% of all cases of the disease.


2020 ◽  
pp. 3-5
Author(s):  
Ayesha Goel ◽  
Ritu Nigam

Myiasis in head and neck region is a rare occurrence and is usually found in tropical countries like India. Poor hygiene, unsanitary living conditions, mental retardation, neglected wounds, diabetes mellitus and old age along with a warm and humid climate lay down a conducive environment for the larva of dipterous fly to infest humans. Maggots due to their tissue destructive properties can affect many regions in otolaryngorhinology like nasal cavity, ears, oral cavity, tracheostomy site ostoma, PNS, the skin and ulcerative lesions of head and neck. The burden of the disease lies in the fact that the complications range from minor tissue destruction, perforation of either the tympanic membrane, palate or septum, vertigo, angioedema to severe neurological manifestations, intracranial extension or rarely even death. Objective: To assess the commonly affected age group and gender infested by myiasis, it’s seasonal trend, socioeconomic status of the affected patients and the relationship of myiasis infestation with various predisposing factors. Methodology: Retrograde study was conducted on 95 patients of department of otorhinolaryngology. The study was done from January 2015 to October 2018 by collecting data of 3 years 10 months time interval and results tabulated. Ethical clearance was sort and patients consent obtained. Result: The most commonly affected age group was found to be elderly, in the 7th decade of life (56.84%). Females were more commonly affected than males consisting of 55 out of 95 cases (57.89%), with a male female ratio of 1:1.4. Majority of cases presented in the months of October-January, with a peak in November (32/95). Nasal myiasis was found to be more common (69 cases) in comparison to aural and oral cavity myiasis. The most common predisposing factor was found to be Atrophic Rhinitis in 66.7% cases. Conclusion : With awareness and improved personal hygiene a devastating disease like myiasis is easily preventable and curable.


Author(s):  
В.А. Ирдеева ◽  
Р.С. Аракельян ◽  
Е.И. Окунская ◽  
Г.Л. Шендо ◽  
А.В. Коваленко ◽  
...  

Целью данной работы явился ретроспективный анализ заболеваемости населения Астраханской области токсокарозом за 2012-2019 гг. Проанализированы 48 эпидемиологических карт лиц, инвазированных токсокарами. Диагноз «токсокароз» подтверждался данными клинического осмотра, жалобами пациентов, эпидемиологическим анамнезом и результатами иммуноферментного анализа с применением тест-систем для выявления антител к антигенам токсокар класса G. Случаи токсокароза отмечались у лиц от 3 до 75 лет, из которых дети составили 18,8% (n = 9). По результатам эпидемиологического анамнеза выяснилось, что большая часть инвазированных – 91,7% (n = 44) не соблюдала правила личной гигиены (употребляла грязные немытые фрукты и овощи – 89,6% (n = 43), не мыла руки перед едой – 16,7% (n = 8), контактировала с недегельминтизированными животными – 58,4% (n = 28): собаками – 43,8% (n = 21), в т. ч. домашними – 90,5% (n = 19), кошками – 14,6% (n = 7), в т. ч. домашними – 85,7% (n = 6). Склонность к геофагии (привычка есть почву) отмечалась у 68,8% (n = 33) инвазированных. А привычка грызть ногти на руках и ногах (онихофагия) отмечалась у 18,8% (n = 9) детей. После установления окончательного диагноза все пациенты проходили курс химиотерапии препаратом албендазол. Таким образом, высокие цифры зараженности лиц, проживавших в Ленинском и Трусовском районах г. Астрахани, связаны с тем, что данные районы являются густонаселенными с большим числом домовладений частного сектора, в котором находятся домашние животные (кошки и собаки). Основные причины заражения токсокарами – несоблюдение правил личной гигиены, употребление в пищу плохо вымытых фруктов и овощей, контакт с животными и геофагия. Титр антител к антигенам токсокар выше разведения 1:800 свидетельствует о наличии висцерального токсокароза у обследуемого лица. The purpose of this work was a retrospective analysis of the incidence of toxocars in the population of the Astrakhan region for 2012-2019. 48 epidemiological maps of persons infected with toxocars were analyzed. The clinical diagnosis of «Toxocarosis» was confirmed by clinical examination data, patient complaints, collected epidemiological history, and data from the enzyme immunoassay method using test systems to detect antibodies to toxocar class G antigens. Cases of toxocarosis were observed in persons aged 3 to 75 years, of which children accounted for 18,8% (n = 9). An epidemiological history was collected, as a result of which it was found that most of the infected – 91,7% (n = 44) did not follow the rules of personal hygiene (this category of patients had such bad habits as: eating dirty unwashed fruits and vegetables – 89,6% (n = 43), unwashed dirty hands before eating – 16,7% (n = 8), contact with non – dehelminthized animals – 58,4% (n = 28): dogs – 43,8% (n = 21), including domestic – 90,5% (n = 19), cats – 14,6% (n = 7), including domestic-85,7% (n = 6). The tendency to geophagy (the habit of eating the soil) was observed in 68,8% (n = 33) of the infected. And the habit of biting the nails on the hands and feet (onychophagia) was observed in 18,8% (n = 9) of children. After the final diagnosis, all patients underwent a course of chemotherapy with albandazole. Thus, the high infection rates of people who lived in the Leninsky and Trusovsky districts of Astrakhan are associated with the fact that these areas are densely populated with a large number of private sector, in which there are domestic animals (cats and dogs). Presumably, one of the main causes of human infection with toxocars was not following the rules of personal hygiene, eating poorly washed fruits and vegetables, contact with animals and geophagy. The presence of a titer of antibodies to toxocar antigens above a dilution of 1: 800 indicates the presence of the disease «Visceral toxocarosis» in the examined person.


2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nataša Knap ◽  
Diana Žele ◽  
Urška Glinšek Biškup ◽  
Tatjana Avšič-Županc ◽  
Gorazd Vengušt

Abstract Background The obligate intracellular bacterium Coxiella burnetii causes globally distributed zoonotic Q fever. Ruminant livestock are common reservoirs of C. burnetii. Coxiella burnetii are shed in large numbers in the waste of infected animals and are transmitted by inhalation of contaminated aerosols. This study was conducted to evaluate the prevalence of C. burnetii infection in domestic animals and ticks in areas of Slovenia associated with a history of Q fever outbreaks. Results A total of 701 ticks were collected and identified from vegetation, domestic animals and wild animals. C. burnetii DNA was detected in 17 out of 701 (2.4%) ticks. No C. burnetii DNA was found in male ticks. Ticks that tested positive in the PCR-based assay were most commonly sampled from wild deer (5.09%), followed by ticks collected from domestic animals (1.16%) and ticks collected by flagging vegetation (0.79%). Additionally, 150 animal blood samples were investigated for the presence of C. burnetii-specific antibodies and pathogen DNA. The presence of pathogen DNA was confirmed in 14 out of 150 (9.3%) blood samples, while specific antibodies were detected in sera from 60 out of 150 (40.4%) animals. Conclusions Our results indicate that ticks, although not the primary source of the bacteria, are infected with C. burnetii and may represent a potential source of infection for humans and animals. Ticks collected from animals were most likely found to harbor C. burnetii DNA, and the infection was not lost during molting. The persistence and distribution of pathogens in cattle and sheep indicates that C. burnetii is constantly present in Slovenia.


2010 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.M. Phiri ◽  
A. Chota ◽  
J.B. Muma ◽  
M. Munyeme ◽  
C.S. Sikasunge

AbstractThe Kafue lechwe antelope (Kobus leche kafuensis), a medium-sized, semi-aquatic antelope, grazes extensively on pastures accessed by livestock in and around Lochinvar and Blue Lagoon national parks in the Kafue wetlands of Zambia. This interaction has a potential for bi-modal transmission of a wide range of parasitic helminths between lechwe and domestic ruminants. A survey was conducted to investigate the status of helminths in the Kafue lechwe during the 2008 (July–December) hunting season, involving 65 animals hunted under special research licences. Worm identification was based on morphological features using standard identification keys. Eleven different types of helminths were identified in the animals studied; namely, Oesophagostomum, Bunostomum, Cooperia, Dictyocaulus, Marshallagia, Stilesia, Setaria, Trichuris, Fasciola, amphistomes and Schistosoma. Amphistomes (100%) and Oesophagostomum (60.9%) were the most common while Fasciola (7.8%) and Stilesia (1.6%) were the least of the identified helminths. There was no evidence that helminths, at intensities observed, adversely affected the health of the lechwe. The degree of worm infection was observed to vary between the two study areas, with Blue Lagoon recording higher infection levels compared to Lochinvar. The host range of many of the helminths found in the Kafue lechwe is broad and could serve as a potentially stable source of infection to domestic animals such as goats and cattle. Therefore, issues concerning livestock management and conservation may arise.


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