scholarly journals A Survey of Awareness and Stress of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in a Part of the Iranian Population

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 102-107
Author(s):  
Javid Taghinejad ◽  
Farnaz Zakikhani ◽  
Asghar Esmaeili ◽  
Mehdi Golshan ◽  
Mahdieh Emadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Study ◽  
Large Family ◽  
Iranian Population ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Northern Iran ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Unemployed People ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
Electronic Questionnaires

Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) includes a large family of Coronaviridae, which was first found in Wuhan, China in 2019, and has caused a global pandemic. This study aimed was to assess the awareness, stress, and fear of this disease in part of the Iranian population. Methods: Based on the aim of this cross-sectional and analytical study, electronic questionnaires were sent to 201 of the Iranian population. The statistical data from inferential chi-square and Spearman tests were analyzed with IBM SPSS Statistics (version 24), and the level of significance was considered at 0.05. Results: The findings showed that 69.07% of the population was from northern Iran. The awareness level of the majority of people (76.06%) was reported to be favorable. The highest and lowest levels of awareness in people with higher education and unemployed people, respectively, showed meaningful significance between education level and age. Finally, the amount of stress to COVID-19 revealed a significant relationship with age. Conclusions: Based on the obtained results, awareness about age and education was reported to be at the desired level. At the beginning of the outbreak, the anxiety level of people was high while its rate decreased by gaining awareness of the prevention of this debase, indicating the importance of personal health and self-care in society

scholarly journals Perception regarding Sexuality, Contraceptive and Teenage Pregnancy among Adolescent Studying in Secondary Schools in Palpa District

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 50-63
Author(s):  
Manju Nepal ◽  
Susan Maharjan ◽  
Bimala Adhikari ◽  
Bimala Adhikari ◽  
Laxmi Khanal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Schools ◽  
Risky Sexual Behavior ◽  
Teenage Pregnancy ◽  
Analytical Study ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
Self Administered Questionnaire

Adolescence is a period of both opportunities and threats. It is also a phase in life marked by vulnerability to risky sexual behavior and underprivileged reproductive health outcomes. The objective of this study was to assess the perception regarding sexuality, contraceptive and teenage pregnancy among adolescents studying in secondary schools in Palpa District. A cross sectional analytical study designed was applied. Total enumerative sampling technique was used to select 407 schools going adolescents in four selected school in Palpa district. Data was collected using self-administered questionnaire. Analysis was done using descriptive and inferential statistics with SPSS version 20. Findings showed that 56.51% of adolescents had favorable perception on sexuality, 51.84% of adolescents had favorable perception on contraceptive and 55.77% had favorable perception on teenage pregnancy. There were significant  association between Sex, Grade, Ethnicity, Type of family of adolescent and level of perception on sexuality, contraceptive and teenage pregnancy where Chi-square p value is less than .05 at 5% level of significance.  Based on the findings of the study, majority of adolescents had favorable perception towards sexuality, contraceptive and teenage pregnancy which suggests that adolescents were aware on sexuality, contraceptive and teenage pregnancy.

scholarly journals HANDLING DISTRUST ON RISK COMMUNICATION IN NIGERIA: A STRATEGY TO STRENGTHENING THE COVID-19 OUTBREAK RESPONSE

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Olayinka Stephen Ilesanmi ◽  
Priscilla Onaopemipo Akosile ◽  
Aanuoluwapo Adeyimika Afolabi ◽  
Victor Okoliko Ukwenya
Keyword(s):  
Risk Communication ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Outbreak Response ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
High Level

Abstract Background This study aimed to assess the level of trust in the COVID-19 risk communication efforts in Nigeria. Methods We conducted a descriptive cross-sectional study among community members aged 15 years and above in Ondo state in October, 2020. Data were collected using an interviewer-administered questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 22. Descriptive statistics were summarized using frequencies. Trust was ranked from “1” implying “Low level of trust” to “7” denoting “High level of trust”. We conducted bivariate Chi-square test on respondents’ level of trust in the Nigeria Centre for Disease Control (NCDC) and socio-demographic characteristics. The level of significance was set at p<0.05. Results Among the 691 respondents, 244 (35.3%) were aged 21 to 29 years, and 304 (51.4%) used the NCDC to obtain COVID-19 knowledge. Overall, 205 (41.8%) had high level of trust in the NCDC. Furthermore, 51 (51.5%) individuals aged 30-39 years had high level of trust in the NCDC (ᵡ2=17.455, p= 0.001). Also, 114 (48.5%) persons who lived with children below 18 years had high level of trust in the NCDC (ᵡ2= 8.266, p= 0.004). Conclusion Policy makers should prioritize the involvement of young and educated persons in COVID-19 risk communication strategies.

scholarly journals Classroom Attentiveness of Children from Home with Inter Parental Violence in Chamwino District, Tanzania

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (Issue 4) ◽  
pp. 66-74
Author(s):  
Simion Kaminyoge Ambakisye
Keyword(s):  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Parental Violence ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
Parental Conflicts ◽  
The Relationship

This study investigated on classroom attentiveness of children from home with inter parental violence in Chamwino, Dodoma, Tanzania. The study employed the cross-sectional survey design whereby 312 out of 652 children from five secondary schools were randomly selected to participate by filling the questionnaire. Chi square test was employed to determine the relationship between violence against mothers and children’s attentiveness at the 0.05 level of significance. The results indicated a significant relationship between parental conflicts and lack of pupils’ adequate concentration in learning. The findings further showed that female children whose mothers are accustomed to violence are more inattentive than male children during the teaching and learning processes. The study recommends that effective intervention strategies such as developing training through psycho education within families, schools and the community be in place.

scholarly journals Willingness to Accept COVID-19 Vaccine and Its Determinants among Nigeria Citizens: A Web-based Cross-sectional Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 13-22
Author(s):  
Olanrewaju Davies Eniade ◽  
Abayomi Olarinmoye ◽  
Agofure Otovwe ◽  
Funke E. Akintunde ◽  
Omowumi O. Okedare ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
Willingness To Accept ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Other Information ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
To Receive

Background: The peculiarity in Nigerians’ demographic, socio-economic and cultural pattern necessitated the need to explore potential COVID-19 vaccine acceptance. This study investigated the determinants of willingness to receive COVID-19 vaccine in Nigeria. Methods: An online cross-sectional study among the general population in Nigeria. Data were collected using an electronic questionnaire.  A total of 368 individuals participated in the research. The outcome variable was willingness to accept COVID-19 vaccine coded as “Yes=1 and No=0.”  Basic socio-demographic information of participants and other information related to COVID-19 were obtained. Stata MP 14 was used for the statistical analysis. Descriptive statistics were presented, test of association were carried out using chi square and a binary logistic regression was used to assess the determinants of willingness to accept COVID-19 vaccine. All analyses were performed at 5% level of significance. Results: The mean age of the respondents was 29.4 + 9.65 years.  Majority of the study participants were female (58.9%), Yoruba (74.7%) and dwellers of urban area (68.5%). Also, 85.6% have attained tertiary level of education. Two-fifth (40.5%) of respondent reported their willingness to take the COVID-19 if made available. Majority (69.8%) of those that are willing to take the vaccine would prefer a live attenuated form and 39.6% would prefer the vaccine administered intramuscularly. Age group≥40 years (AOR: 5.20, CI: 1.02- 26.41), currently married (AOR: 2.81, CI: 1.05 – 7.53) and susceptibility to COVID 19 infection (AOR: 2.52, CI: 1.21 – 5.26) were associated with likelihood of willingness to accept COVID-19 vaccine. Conclusion: Despite the fact that majority were at risk of COVID-19 infection, willingness to receive COVID-19 vaccine was low among Nigerians. Level of maturity in terms of age and marriage as well as susceptibility to COVID-19 infection increased the likelihood of accepting COVID-19 infection. In Furtherance, younger ones, unmarried and non-susceptible individual may require more efforts tailored towards enrichment of understanding about the importance of COVID-19 vaccine in other to improve the acceptance of COVID-19 vaccine in Nigeria.

scholarly journals Hubungan antara Kebiasaan Merokok dengan Angka Kejadian Lesi yang Diduga Stomatitis Nikotina pada Masyarakat Desa Ongkaw Dua

e-CliniC ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Miranda A. Tambunan ◽  
Pieter L. Suling ◽  
Christy N. Mintjelungan
Keyword(s):  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Analytical Study ◽  
Smoking Habit ◽  
Smoking Habits ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Heavy Smokers

Abstract: Nicotine stomatitis could be found among heavy smokers. This study was aimed to determine the relationship between smoking habits and the incidence of lesions suspected as nicotine stomatitis among villagers of Ongkaw Dua. This was an analytical study with a cross sectional design. Population consisted of 183 smokers aged >15 years at Desa Ongkaw Dua and the subjects were 65 smokers. The chi-square showed a p-value of 0.592 for the relationship between the duration of smoking and the occurence of lesion supspected as nicotine stomatitis. Moreover, the chi-square showed a p-value of 0.005 for the relationship between the number of cigarettes consumed per day and the occurence of lesion suspected as nicotine stomatitis. In conclusion, there was no relationship between the duration of smoking and the occurence of lesion suspected as nicotine stomatitis, but there was a significant relationship between the number of cigarettes consumed per day and the occurence of lesion suspected as nicotine stomatitis.Keywords: smoking habit, nicotine stomatitis Abstrak: Stomatitis nikotina dapat dijumpai pada perokok berat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara kebiasaan merokok dengan angka kejadian lesi yang diduga stomatitis nikotina pada masyarakat desa Ongkaw Dua. Jenis penelitian ialah analitik observasional dengan desain potong lintang. Populasi penelitian ini yaitu 183 perokok berusia >15 tahun di Desa Ongkaw Dua dan yang menjadi subyek penelitian berjumlah 65 orang. Hasil uji chi-square terhadap hubungan lama merokok dengan angka kejadian lesi yang diduga stomatitis nikotina mendapatkan p=0,592. Hasil uji chi-square terhadap hubungan antara jumlah rokok yang dihisap setiap hari dengan angka kejadian lesi yang diduga stomatitis nikotina mendapatkan p=0,005. Simpulan penelitian ini ialah tidak terdapat hubungan antara lamanya merokok dengan angka kejadian lesi yang diduga stomatitis nikotina, tetapi terdapat hubungan bermakna antara jumlah rokok yang dihisap setiap hari dengan angka kejadian lesi yang diduga stomatitis nikotina.Kata kunci: kebiasaan merokok, stomatitis nikotina

scholarly journals Analysis of consumption of omega 3 source foods by participants of social groups

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fhaira Petter da Silva Stefanello ◽  
Adriano Pasqualotti ◽  
Nadir Antonio Pichler
Keyword(s):  
Social Groups ◽  
Purchasing Power ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Adult Care ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acid ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
Dark Green ◽  
The Individual

Abstract Objective: To verify the consumption of omega 3 source foods by participants of social groups. Method: a cross-sectional, descriptive analytical study was carried out with 850 older participants of social groups of the Older Adult Care Coordination (or DATI) in a city in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, through a questionnaire containing sociodemographic variables and the consumption of omega 3 source foods. Data were analyzed using the R 2.15.1 language and using the Chi-square and Fisher’s exact tests. The level of significance used in the tests was p≤0.05. Results: The results showed that older women have a habit of consuming more omega 3 source foods than men, such as oils, dark green vegetables, seeds, fish and nuts, and people with greater purchasing power consume more products with omega 3. Conclusion: Families with greater purchasing power used more expensive sources of omega 3 fatty acid, and the consumption of these products did not differ significantly in terms of age, BMI, marital status and whether the individual lived alone or with others.

scholarly journals THE KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDE TOWARDS PREECLAMPSIA AMONG PREGNANT WOMEN ATTENDING BANADIR AND MEDINA HOSPITALS IN MOGADISHU-SOMALIA

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdinasir Abdullahi jama
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Systematic Random Sampling ◽  
Statistical Inferences ◽  
Knowledge And Attitude ◽  
The Government ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
Sampling Probability

Abstract Background: Preeclampsia is a pregnancy complication characterized by high blood pressure and signs of damage to another organ system, most often the liver and kidneys. It occurs as early as 20 weeks of the pregnancyAim the aim of this study was to explore the knowledge and attitude towards preeclampsia among pregnant women attending Banadir and Medina hospitals in Mogadishu-Somalia.Method: The study was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted in Mogadishu Somalia. Systematic random sampling probability technique was carried out in 2 hospitals to recruited 384 women. Well-structured questionnaires were filled by participants who gave their consent. Data were analyzed using the statistical package for social sciences version 21. Descriptive data were generated and statistical inferences tested using the chi-square method with the level of significance set at 5%.Result The age of the respondents was between to14-50 with a mean age of the 32.49±5.9.the found that 54.3% of the participant were don’t know the preeclampsia. The women know poor diet as a cause of the preeclampsia, final the prevalence of preeclampsia in Banadir state, Somalia was 43%.Conclusion: The study recommended to the government of Somalia to generate both health education to the pregnant mother and increase the level of education of mother by offering free education to the women, in Somalia.

scholarly journals Coping with COVID-19 in an international border region: health and economy

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reinaldo Antonio Silva-Sobrinho ◽  
Adriana Zilly ◽  
Rosane Meire Munhak da Silva ◽  
Marcos Augusto Moraes Arcoverde ◽  
Enrique Jorge Deschutter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Border Region ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Unified Health System ◽  
The Social ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
International Border

Objective: to analyze how the social isolation measures and closed borders affected the health and economy in an international border region. Method: descriptive cross-sectional study conducted in the western region of Paraná, Brazil, using an electronic form created using Google® forms. A sample of 2,510 people was addressed. Descriptive analysis and the Chi-square test were performed, with a level of significance established at 5%. This public opinion survey, addressing unidentified participants, is in accordance with Resolutions 466/2012 and 510/2016. Results: the participants were 41.5 years old on average, most were women and worked in the education sector; 41.9% reported that the closing of borders/commercial businesses negatively influenced income; 17.7% reported the possibility of losing their jobs; 89.0% consider that a larger number of people would be sick if the borders/commercial had not been closed; 63.7% believe the health services are not prepared to deal with the pandemic; 74.9% realize that the Brazilian Unified Health System may not have sufficient service capacity; 63.4% reported anxiety; and 75.6% of commercial workers will experience changes in their income level. Conclusion: the closing of international borders and commercial businesses was related to a perception of physical and mental changes, job loss, and decreased income.

scholarly journals The Relationship between Phimosis, Smegma, and Preputial Bacteria with Inflammatory Status of Circumcised Patient

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3S) ◽  
pp. 289-292
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Relative Risk ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Analytical Study ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Inflammatory Status ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
The Relationship

Phimosis is the inability of the penis to potrude from the prepuce either partially or completely and the preputial retractability increases with age. Circumcision is believed by various parties as a form of defense against pathogens that may cause various abnormalities. Smegma is whitish lump that formed from desquamation of preputial epithelial cells. Smegma and bacteria in the prepuce may cause abnormalities such as genital infections, urinary tract infections, and even malignancy. This study aims to determine the presence between phimosis, smegma, and preputial bacteria, and its relationship with inflammatory status of circumcised patient. A cross sectional analytical study for boys who underwent circumcision at Saiful Anwar General Hospital Malang. The data will be analyzed using chi-square and will be calculated for the relative risk. There were 76 patients who underwent circumcision from March 2018 until August 2018. The result was found that the presence of phimosis was significantly associated with the presence of smegma and preputial bacteria (p <0.01) with a risk of 30x and 8x respectively. However, the presence of smegma and preputial bacteria in the prepuce was not significantly associated with the inflammatory status in the prepuce (p = 0.541 & p = 0.084). In conclusion, the presence of phimosis has a significant risk in the formation of smegma and the growth of preputial bacteria.

scholarly journals TRIGGER FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH MIGRAINE HEADACHE AMONG NORTHERN IRANIAN POPULATION

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-175
Author(s):  
Negar Gorjizadeh ◽  
◽  
Saeed Irian ◽  
Ansar Karimian ◽  
Payam Saadat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stressful Life Events ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Iranian Population ◽  
Trigger Factors ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Socio Economic Impact

Background. Migraine is the most common neurological disorder associated with a wide range of psychiatric comorbidities. It is therefore regarded as a major global health problem due to its high prevalence. Here we investigated the factors associated with migraine among an Iranian population. Methods. This investigation included a cross-sectional study consisting of 270 migraine patients. Initially, a questionnaire was designed based on demographic information and headache characteristics. SPSS analyzed the collected data, and chi-square and logistic regression were used to evaluate the clinical data. Results. Our findings revealed that many migraine patients are experiencing multiple trigger factors, with stressful life events being the most common in both genders and migraine subtypes. The incidence of migraine was higher in women than in men. Among the trigger factors leading to the intensification of migraine attacks, stress, sleep changes, and bright lights were the most common and important causes of headache, followed by tiredness and weather change disturbance. Conclusions. Considering the contradictory reports on the effect of trigger factors on migraine, further studies are needed to be performed. Due to the significance of the socio-economic impact of migraine on patient’s quality of life, strategies for managing these factors should be effectively implemented to improve the community’s health.

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