scholarly journals Custom and mentality of production societas in the realities of everyday life in the 1960s-80s (An interpretation of archive materials from the Russian State Archive of Contemporary History)

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 61-70
Author(s):  
Anna S. Stoletova
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
Contemporary History ◽  
State Archive ◽  
Production Environment ◽  
Material Wealth ◽  
Russian State ◽  
Housing Issue ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The Individual

Based on the sources of the Russian State Archive of Modern History, the article describes the establishment and operation of customs in the socio-economic life of the second half of the 20th century, which influence the everyday life, attitude and worldview of the production (industrial) part of Russian societas. The question is raised about the consolidation of new features in consciousness, individualistic tendencies as the basis of the worldview. Attention is focused on the fact that the dissonance in the levels of social differentiation, material wealth and social status formed the basis of the mental separation of the production elite, representatives of management and the working class. The author draws attention to the fact that the phenomena of nepotism, clannishness, favours and thuggery that penetrate into everyday life and the labour sphere of life were especially negatively perceived by the workers. The negative reactions of the workers were reinforced by the realities of life – the deficit, the housing issue as a problem of social arrangement, the outdated wage system. It is noted that the public niches in which customs and traditions were firmly rooted, were to a greater extent connected with topical and acute social processes, including the institutions of power, property and trade. The researcher comes to the conclusion that by the 1980s, due to the passage of the stages of further ideological, social and economic differentiation, the separation of the individual from the working collective, the isolation of the elite and a certain isolation of its ordinary members in the production environment, bourgeois aspirations and ideals of hoarding were growing stronger.

"MOTHER, SHOWING NO SPECIAL AFFECTION FOR YOU, WRITES TO YOU VERY FRIENDLY". COUNT V.A. MUSIN-PUSHKIN'S PRE-WEDDING LETTERS TO HIS BRIDE

2020 ◽  
pp. 59-75
Author(s):  
Yuliya V. Kim ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Family Life ◽  
Married Couple ◽  
State Archive ◽  
Human Relations ◽  
Russian State ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Status ◽  
Traditional Patterns ◽  
Power Hierarchy

The article presents two letters from V.A. Musin-Pushkin which he wrote to his bride shortly before the wedding in 1828 (the letters are kept in the Russian State Archive of Ancient Acts). The text of the letters reflects the context of the time and everyday life, the system of views and the peculiarities of the worldview of a young aristocrat, the specific features of intra-family interaction in the field of feelings, marriage, human relations which inevitably turn out to be associated with the concepts of the family honor, family duty, the need to preserve the status of a noble family. The author traces how the power hierarchy is manifested at the level of relations within a close circle of relatives, as well as how traditional patterns are combined with new elements. Vladimir Alekseevich Musin-Pushkin, the youngest son of the archaeographer Count A.I. Musin-Pushkin, was arrested in connection with the case of the Decembrists, transferred from the Guards to the army and exiled to serve in Finland, where he met his future wife, Emilia Karlovna Shernval von Wallen. The article provides details of the family life of this married couple, as well as private facts from the biography of some other members of the Musin-Pushkin family.

Cuba, the USSR, and the Non-Aligned Movement

2020 ◽  
pp. 148-173
Author(s):  
Michelle Getchell
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Leadership Role ◽  
Contemporary History ◽  
State Archive ◽  
Document Collections ◽  
The Third ◽  
Russian State ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Third World

Based on archival research in the Russian State Archive of Contemporary History (RGANI) and the Foreign Policy Archive of the Russian Federation (AVPRF), as well as on published primary source document collections, this paper argues that Cuba’s role as Soviet ally conflicted with Fidel Castro’s desire to assume a leadership role in the Non-Aligned Movement. As Castro sought to balance his aspirations for leadership of the Non-Aligned Movement with his obligations as Soviet ally, Soviet officials attempted to capitalize on Cuba’s position in the movement to achieve a closer relationship between the Third World and the socialist bloc. U.S. officials struggled to discredit Castro and delegitimize his claims to non-aligned status, but were ultimately unable to prevent the movement’s turn toward a more pronounced anti-American stance in the 1970s and early 1980s.

scholarly journals Greeks in Azerbaijan: epochal look at history and modernity

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 53-63
Author(s):  
Ilyas Huseynov
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Contemporary History ◽  
State Archive ◽  
The Caucasus ◽  
Multicultural Environment ◽  
Football Team ◽  
Cultural Research ◽  
Russian State ◽  
Cross Cultural Research ◽  
The Creation

In modern political science and social sciences, interest in cross-cultural research in the framework of various scientific methodologies is growing. The article is devoted to the study of one of the most pressing problems of our time, which is of great interest to Azerbaijan and Greece. This article describes in detail the historical situation in which the Greeks were forced to settle in the Caucasus. The article discusses the main reasons for the creation of the first Greek settlements in Azerbaijan. The author in a broad context considers the activities of the Greeks in Azerbaijan. The article analyzes the main reasons for the unification of the Greeks of Azerbaijan, and the creation of the Greek Philanthropic (charity) society. Moreover, the article focuses on the activities of the theater group "Evripidis", operating in this society. It should be noted that the football team "Embros" (Forward) was a source of pride for the Greeks living in Baku. The article also mentions the repression and mass arrests of the "Father of the Nations" against the Greeks. At the same time, it is emphasized that, as a result of Stalin’s policy, the Greeks living in Baku were resettled in the deserts of Kazakhstan in difficult conditions. The article analyzes the political motives of the resettlement of Greeks from Azerbaijan. At the same time, a large place in the article is devoted to the recollections of Azerbaijani Greeks forced to resettle in inhuman conditions. Documents and their photographs from the Russian State Archive of Contemporary History and from the Russian State Archive of Socio-Political History on the resettlement of the Greeks, and according to the NKVD Directive No. 50215 of December 11, 1937, protocols No. 46, 61, 91 of the sentences of the Greeks living in the Azerbaijan SSR were first presented the scientific community of our country. The article also analyzes the integration of the Greeks into Azerbaijani society and their contacts with the multicultural environment of Azerbaijan. The article also discusses the activities of the Greek community "ARGO", created by the Greeks living in the country after the restoration of independence of Azerbaijan.

scholarly journals "Release 10 Billion": On the Issue of Financing Soviet Holidays and Anniversaries

2020 ◽  
pp. 529-539
Author(s):  
Elena V. Barysheva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Trade Unions ◽  
Central Committee ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Contemporary History ◽  
State Archive ◽  
Spiritual Values ◽  
Soviet Power ◽  
Soviet State ◽  
Russian State ◽  
Red Army

The article, based on the materials of the Russian State Archive of Contemporary History and the Russian State Archive of Socio-Political History, explores the history of financing Soviet state holidays, beginning with the first anniversaries of the October Revolution. The Bolsheviks, realizing the importance of public holidays as an effective tool for legitimizing Soviet power and promoting new spiritual values, allocated significant amounts for their organization even during the economically difficult period of the Civil War. In the early years of the Soviet power, the decoration of cities and demonstrations was rather ascetic, and the money allocated for the holidays was to be used to maintain the authority among the Red Army soldiers. Later, the decoration of cities for the festivities on November 7 and May 1 became more varied. Preparation began in advance, decoration of cities and columns of workers was paid for by the city and district party organizations and by the trade unions. In 1925, among the anniversaries that were planned on a grand scale, was the 20th anniversary of the 1905 Revolution. The article shows how the issue of its financing was resolved. Subsequently, the economic support of festive events, primarily on November 7 and May 1, was assigned to the enterprises. At the same time, the question of expediency of such significant expenses on decorating cities, holiday stands, and columns of workers has been repeatedly raised not only by the holiday organizers, but also by the demonstrations participants. They said that some institutions and senior executives got carried away by enthusiasm for anniversaries, ceremonies, and banquets. The Decree of the Politburo of the Central Committee “On Anniversaries” (1928) peremptorily prohibited organization of anniversaries and celebrations without special permission. In 1938, the Decree of the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR and the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks “On Prevention of Spending Unnecessary Funds in Celebrating May 1, 1938” finally determined the procedure and sources of financing of the Soviet state holidays. This Decision became the basis for all subsequent decisions on financing holiday events.

scholarly journals BOURGEOIS TENDENCIES IN THE SOCIAL LIFE AND MENTALITY OF THE SOVIET SOCIETY OF THE 1950S TO 80S.

2020 ◽  
pp. 77-86
Author(s):  
Mikhail А. Beznin ◽  
Tatyana M. Dimoni ◽  
Anna S. Stoletova
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Soviet Society ◽  
State Archive ◽  
Law Enforcement Agencies ◽  
Russian State ◽  
Post War ◽  
State Library ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
High Level

The article raises the question of a signifi cant trend in the socio-economic development of post-war Soviet society. As a study of the formation of bourgeois trends, the authors note class restructuring, a change in the organisation of labour, the formation of entrepreneurial skills, including in the sectors of the «ghost» and «shadow» economies, and the desire for a high level of consumption. Among the mechanisms of the formation of bourgeois trends, a signifi cant role was played by the position of the state, which, on the one hand, made efforts to stimulate interest in material security (including through the promotion of advanced workers, the formation of a new consumer culture), and on the other hand, restrained the processes of material differentiation according to ideological concepts of social justice. The article was prepared on the basis of materials from the Russian State Archive of Recent History, the Russian State Archive of Economics: documents from the Communist Party bodies, reviews of law enforcement agencies, letters from citizens, as well as basing on study of the results of sociological surveys of the 1960s and the 1980s. (Some of those were recovered from the former special security service of the Russian State Library). The authors come to the conclusion that by the end of the Soviet period as a result of ongoing processes, ideological cliches about a socially homogeneous society had signifi cantly outlived their usefulness.

scholarly journals Détente as a Factor of Modernization of the USSR in the 1970s - the Beginining of the 1980s in the Analytical Reviews of the Central Intelligence Agency

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 398-424
Author(s):  
Daria Yakupova ◽  
Roman Yakupov
Keyword(s):  
Global Economy ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Central Intelligence Agency ◽  
Contemporary History ◽  
State Archive ◽  
Intelligence Agency ◽  
Soviet Leadership ◽  
Russian State ◽  
The Usa

Coverage of the role and importance of the economic policy implemented during the détente period to solve the complex problems of the Soviet Union in the field of intensification of production is relevant in connection with the cyclical completion of the warmer climate between Russia and the West. The study of the historical experience of the development of international cooperation, the analysis of competition for a place in the global division of labor and the results of the struggle for the achievements of the scientific and technical revolution of the XX century make it possible to reconstruct the steps taken by the Soviet leadership to find new foreign economic tools against the background of modernization challenges. The article based on the materials of the electronic archive of the CIA, documents of the State Archive of the Russian Federation, Russian State Archive of Economics and Russian State Archive of Contemporary History funds provide previously unpublished comprehensive information on the size and content of compensation agreements of the USSR with Western Europe, the USA and Japan during the détente period. The authors reveal the role of the banking capital of the USSR to ensure the country's access to hard currency and implementation of the technology transfer policy. Similarity of the strategy of containment of the USSR in the 1970s and Russia today is emphasized on the example of the analysis of the USA intelligence data. The authors come to the conclusion that, despite the considerable mobilization efforts of the Soviet leadership to expand foreign trade operations, the conclusion of large-scale compensation agreements, the creation of sovereign transnational transportation and the development of Soviet financial institutions abroad, the targets set by the modernization of the 1970s were not fully met. The USSR did not maintain the export model in the global economy during the détente period for a number of reasons.

scholarly journals LAND HOLDINGS OF THE PSKOV SPIRITUAL AND SECULAR FEUDAL LORDS OF THE SECOND HALF OF THE XVIII CENTURY (ON THE MATERIALS OF THE GENERAL INTERRUPTION)

2021 ◽  
Vol 01 (05) ◽  
pp. 38-47
Author(s):  
E.V. Goncharova ◽  
◽  
V.G. Kuzmina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Arable Land ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
State Archive ◽  
Xviii Century ◽  
Land Owners ◽  
Russian State ◽  
Land Surveying ◽  
Pskov Region ◽  
History Of ◽  
Land Holdings

The article analyzes information about the land holdings of spiritual and secular feudal lords of the second half of the XVIII century on the territory of the Pskov province based on the materials of land surveying. The article describes the source base of the Russian State Archive of Ancient Acts and the State Archive of the Pskov Region on the subject under study, examines the history of the study of land surveying, the structure and size of possessions, the ratio of land and the availability of arable land. The compared data allow us to highlight the economic aspect of land use of the largest categories of feudal lords in the territorial context. Attracted by the sources characterize the possession of the landlords all 9 districts of the Pskov province and land ownership of the clergy in the territory of the Pskov district second half of the XVIII century, as well as provide an opportunity to identify major spiritual land owners in the study area, to identify the coincidence and divergence of the obtained indicators with the average in the Northwest. On individual examples of the possessions of secular and spiritual owners, the specifics of the organization of economic life among large, medium and small feudal lords by the standards of the region, the area of farmland and the ratio of arable land, forest, hay mowing in them, as well as how many tithes of arable land accounted for one male peasant in the possession are traced.

scholarly journals “I’m Doing Well in the Center of Siberian World under Strict Police Supervision…”: F.I. Knauer’ Letters from His Tomsk Exile in 1915–1917

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 137-156
Author(s):  
Elena N. Gruzdeva
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Documentary Evidence ◽  
State Archive ◽  
Common People ◽  
Sequence Of Events ◽  
Russian State ◽  
Police Supervision ◽  
Entire Sequence ◽  
Inner World

The article introduces the letters of the Professor of Kiev University, Sanskrit scholar Fyodor Ivanovich (Friedrich) Knauer (18491917) sent by him to his colleague, philologist Vladimir Nikolaevich Peretz. They are now housed at the Personal Fund of V.N. Peretz in the Russian State Archive of Literature and Art (RGALI. Fond 1277. Inv. 1. F. 35). This set of letters is undoubtedly of great importance because, among other things, we have no other surviving epistolary heritage of the scholar. Revealing the authors personality, the letters (there are only 21 of them) acquaint us to some extent with his inner world. Until recently, F.I. Knauers biography, especially the years of his exile, was full of blank spots which we can finally fill. The entire sequence of events relating to Knauers arrest, up to his arrival in Tomsk and life in Siberia, is presented by him as an uninterrupted narrative. The letters give us an idea of relations between the scholar, when he was out of favor, and his colleagues, friends, common people, local and higher authorities. They provide reliable documentary evidence of the terrible misfortune of a sincere person, who fell a victim to a complicated political period. The letters may also be regarded as sketches of Siberians everyday life. The present article includes 7 letters out of 21, the others are to be published in the next issue of the Journal.

scholarly journals Soviet Trade in the 1960s — 1980s: Basic Principles and Their Distortion

2021 ◽  
pp. 416-437
Author(s):  
A. S. Stoletova
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Soviet Society ◽  
Contemporary History ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
The Public ◽  
Economic Practice ◽  
Russian State ◽  
The Social ◽  
Soviet Trade ◽  
The 1960S

The article reveals the problem of distortion of the socialist principles of Soviet trade in the economic practice of the state of the 1960s — 1980s, which is insufficiently illuminated in historical science, using the example of letters from Soviet citizens collected in the fund of the Russian State Archive of Contemporary History. Based on a review of a significant amount of archival sources, various kinds of deformations occurring in trade activities and their fixation in the public mind are demonstrated. It is emphasized that people’s ideas were the most important dimensions of social life, the economic dynamics of Soviet society and the social psychology of citizens. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of legislation as the main mechanism for regulating the development of the trade and economic area. It is argued that the lack of formation of the regulatory framework gave rise to such reality phenomena as deficit, overcharging, short weight and measurement of buyers, squandering, embezzlement, robbing and theft of property, black market turnover. The circumstances of the incorporation of the phenomenon of fellowship and nepotism into the stable custom of everyday life are commented. The author comes to the conclusion that class conflicts emerged in the socio-economic structure of Soviet society in the 1960s — 1980s, while the urgent facts of the system’s crisis were generated by the duality of the line of power.

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