scholarly journals JUSTIFICATION OF PARAMETERS OF AUGER WORKING BODIES FOREST FIRE PROOFING MACHINES

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 17-23
Author(s):  
P. Popikov ◽  
Anton Pozdnyakov ◽  
Sergey Malyukov
Keyword(s):  
Forest Fire ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Forest Litter ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Working Process ◽  
Forest Protection ◽  
Large Power ◽  
Working Bodies ◽  
Financial Base

The paper provides an overview of the research of the working processes of the screw working bodies of technological machines. It is shown that at present such an issue in the theory of auger working bodies as the number of auger turns is necessary, what position of the auger spiral should be in relation to the center, etc. is not completely solved, the solution of these issues can provide increased productivity. In modern conditions, caused by global climatic changes in the world, the requirements for the conditions for the protection of forest zones have increased, which makes it necessary to increase funds for fighting fire in forests and increase the raw material and financial base of specialized forest protection services, which is due to the constant search for new and improvement of old methods of forest fire elimination. Special ground-throwing machines have the greatest efficiency, but they do not have working equipment for pushing combustible materials in the form of a ground cover, dead wood, and felling residues. For these purposes, in our opinion, the most suitable auger working bodies installed in front of the rotor-throwers. Modeling of the working process of screw working bodies is based on the particle dynamics method. In the process of modeling, the forest litter is made in the form of a set (about 5000) spherical elements in diameter, which interact with each other and with the working surfaces of the auger working bodies. The working surfaces of the screw drum are represented from the lateral surface of the cylinder, modeled as a separate geometric figure, and 200 triangles forming a helical surface. It was found that the optimal cutting depth is 8-10 cm, at which the auger almost completely cleans the working strip from the soil layer, but at the same time is not too deeply buried to cause large power losses. The identified main parameters of the auger working bodies will be used to create an effective forest fire ground-throwing machine.

scholarly journals MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF THE INTERACTION OF THE SCREW WORKING BODIES OF FOREST FIRE GROUND-THROWING MACHINES WITH THE GROUND COVER

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 163-171
Author(s):  
Petr Popikov ◽  
Anton Pozdnyakov
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Forest Fire ◽  
Forest Fires ◽  
Hydraulic Drive ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Forest Litter ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Hydraulic Motor ◽  
Working Bodies ◽  
Fire Ground

The paper provides an overview of research on the working processes of screw working bodies of technological machines. It is noted that at present such important issues in the theory of auger working bodies as the required number of auger turns, the required position of the auger spiral in relation to the center, etc. have not been fully resolved, since the solution of these issues can provide an increased productivity of the tool. A structural and technological scheme of a forest fire machine with multifunctional modules is proposed, which consists of auger working bodies, which can be changed modularly with a screw metal thread for a brush, depending on the area and type of soil, the rotor of the thrower, with the ability to drive the cutters-throwers and auger working bodies both from the power take-off shaft of the tractor, and using a hydraulic motor, a guide casing. A mathematical model of an auger working body with a hydraulic drive has been compiled for removing the ground cover with forest litter when extinguishing forest fires with a ground gun, so that combustible materials do not fall into the fire zone together with the soil flow from the rotor-thrower. The working process of the hydraulic drive of the auger working bodies of a forest fire ground-sweeping machine is described by a system of differential equations, including the equations of translational and rotational movements of the auger working body and the equation of the flow rate of the working fluid. The problem of optimization of kinematic and dynamic parameters of auger working bodies of forest fire ground-sweeping machine is set

scholarly journals THEORETICAL STUDY OF THE KINEMATIC AND DYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF THE AUGER WORKING BODY OF A FOREST FIRE GROUND-THROWING MACHINE

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 140-151
Author(s):  
Petr Popikov ◽  
Anton Pozdnyakov ◽  
Vladimir Uskov ◽  
Mikhail Lysych ◽  
Maksim Gnusov
Keyword(s):  
Forest Fire ◽  
Dynamic Characteristics ◽  
Forest Fires ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Original System ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Plant Residues ◽  
Operator Coefficient ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Working Bodies

The paper presents the results of studies of the working processes of screw working bodies in various industries. Studies of the technological parameters of screw working bodies during the removal of the ground cover with combustible plant residues have been insufficiently carried out. A new design of a forest fire machine is proposed, including screw working bodies for removing the ground cover with combustible plant residues, cut-out discs, for the formation of a soil shaft in front of the rotor-thrower, with an adjustable guide casing with the ability to change the directional flow of soil. Working bodies of the forest fire soil-throwing machine are described by a system of differential equations of the translational, rotational movements of the auger working body and the equation of the flow rates of the working fluid. The Cauchy problem is considered on the interval t∈ (t_0; t_end). Original system is reduced to a system of recurrence relations due to its nonlinearity, replacing the derivatives of the desired functions with their finite analogs. This system is unresolved with respect to the senior member. One can apply the method of splitting the system into systems in subspaces of decreasing dimensions and solve the system in these subspaces due to the Fredholm property of the operator coefficient in front of the leading term. The analytical solution of the mathematical model for removing the ground cover by auger working bodies of a forest fire soil-throwing machine when laying fire strips and extinguishing grassland forest fires makes it possible to determine the kinematic and dynamic parameters of the auger working bodies using the final formulas. Simulation modeling of the screw working process was carried out on a virtual laboratory bench. The dependences of the dynamic characteristics of the auger working bodies when overcoming obstacles have been obtained. It was found that the maximum average value of the torque is observed when overcoming an obstacle with a height of 100 mm and the rotation speed of the working body of 400 rpm is 1468.49 N ∙ m, at which its performance is not impaired.

scholarly journals Optimization of the design and technological parameters of an active ripper of a combined working body

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. 00068
Author(s):  
S. A. Ivanaisky ◽  
M. A. Kanaev ◽  
Y. A. Kirov ◽  
M. S. Ivanaisky ◽  
S. V. Denisov
Keyword(s):  
Soil Layer ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Quality Performance ◽  
Soil Cultivation ◽  
Surface Moisture ◽  
Tillage Operation ◽  
Working Bodies

The research objective is to improve the quality of soil loosening using combined working bodies for surface moisture-retaining soil cultivation. The efficiency of accumulation and conservation of precipitation in the autumn-winter period depends on the method of post-harvest soil cultivation. One of them is the autumn surface water-retaining treatment, which makes it possible to increase the efficiency of the processes of accumulation and conservation of moisture due to the deeper loosening of the cultivated soil layer. During loosening and mulching, the top layer of the soil contributes to the accumulation and preservation of moisture not only in the upper but also in deeper soil horizons. However, the used tillage tools do not fully solve the problem of the high-quality performance of surface moisture-retaining soil cultivation. The article presents the results of studies of the degree of influence of geometric and technological parameters of the additional active cultivator on the quality of surface tillage. Based on the results of the research carried out, the technological process of performing the surface tillage operation has been improved and combined working bodies have been developed for its implementation.

scholarly journals Heavy metals in the organic soil layer of beech forests in Serbia

2005 ◽  
pp. 55-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ratko Kadovic ◽  
Olivera Kosanin ◽  
Snezana Belanovic ◽  
Milan Knezevic
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Forest Litter ◽  
Organic Soil ◽  
Organic Horizon ◽  
Beech Forests ◽  
Metal Contents ◽  
Level I ◽  
And Migration

During the last decades, forest ecosystems have been strongly exposed to the effect of different harmful pollutants, especially from the atmosphere. Harmful substances from the air, in addition to the direct effect on forest trees, also deposit in the soil, and have an adverse effect on soil chemistry and pedogenetic processes. The results of previous studies in Serbia (Kadovic, Knezevic, 2002, 2004) show some specificities regarding the accumulation and migration of heavy metals in the soil. The highest concentrations were found in the layers of forest litter and in the surface organo-mineral horizons. This paper presents the results of the study of heavy metal contents (Zn, Mn, Cu, Fe, Cd, Pb, Ni and Cr) in the organic horizon (forest litter) of beech forests in Serbia. The study of the heavy metal content in the organic horizon (forest litter) is very significant primarily in the aim of monitoring the trend of their migration through the soil profile and the effect on the soil properties and genesis. The soil quality in beech forests in Serbia was assessed within the Project ICP Forest, Level I, by the methodology UN/ECE-EC, 2000.

scholarly journals Preventing forest fires using a wireless sensor network

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 97-104
Author(s):  
Ligong Pan
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Network ◽  
Sensor Network ◽  
Forest Fire ◽  
Fire Detection ◽  
Fire Danger ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Natural Phenomenon ◽  
Forest Protection ◽  
Time Operation ◽  
Forest Fire Management

Forest fire is a natural phenomenon in many ecosystems across the world. The forecasting of fire danger conditions resembles one of the most important parts in forest fire management. A ZigBee-based wireless sensor network was proposed for monitoring fire danger and predicting the behaviour of fire after occurrence. This technique is intended for real-time operation, given the urgent need for forest protection against fires. The architecture of a wireless sensor network for forest fire detection is described. From the information collected by the system, decisions on firefighting or fire prevention can be made more quickly by the relevant government departments. We believe that by making the sensor network able to reconfigure rapidly in response to changes in the local conditions upon which the network is dependent, we will generate an adaptable weather monitoring and fire detection system.

scholarly journals JUSTIFICATION OF THE METHOD AND DEVICE FOR TREATMENT AND SOWING OF SUGAR BEETS AND THE APPLICATION OF THE RESULTS IN PREPARATION TECHNOLOGIES

2020 ◽  
pp. 42-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vasiliy Kurilo ◽  
Viktor Pryshlyak
Keyword(s):  
Fractional Composition ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Approximate Model ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Sugar Beets ◽  
Top Soil ◽  
Field Germination ◽  
Working Bodies ◽  
Scientific Practical ◽  
The Cost

The article describes advanced technological processes of pre-sowing of soil and sowing of sugar beet, which positively influences innovative development of beet-growing and scientific-practical project preparation of future specialists in agro-engineering in higher education institutions. In order to increase the field germination of seeds and to ensure the uniform placement of plants in rows, as well as to reduce the cost of growing sugar beets for pre-sowing soil and sowing, a new method is proposed and a device for pre-sowing tillage in the row area is developed. This method ensures that the topsoil is loosened and compacted while sowing the seed only in the row area without loosening it in the row spacing with successively positioned rotating working bodies, planar paws and rolls. According to the results of the researches, an approximate model of the optimal composition of the top soil layer in the aisles and in the row area by its fractional composition and density was developed, the parameters of the working bodies for the pre-sowing tillage were grounded. Initial data were also obtained and initial agrotechnical requirements for the unit for pre-sowing soil and sowing beet seeds were developed. Application of technological process with optimally grounded parameters of strip pre-sowing tillage in the area of rows and sowing of seeds in one pass of the unit and technical means for its execution gives the opportunity to qualitatively prepare the soil with formation of the most favorable fractional composition for seed germination. This increases the field germination of seeds and the uniform distribution of plants in rows, reducing the cost of fuel and direct operating costs of growing sugar beets. The results of the research can be used to improve and optimize zonal technologies and facilities for growing sugar beets, as well as in the educational process and scientific activities of students.

scholarly journals Vertical distribution of 137Cs in forest soil after the ground fires

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 231-240
Author(s):  
I. Davydova ◽  
M. Korbut ◽  
H. Kreitseva ◽  
A. Panasiuk ◽  
V. Melnyk
Keyword(s):  
Forest Fires ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
Forest Litter ◽  
State Enterprise ◽  
Soil Horizons ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Study Sites ◽  
Time Required

We studied the influence of forest fires on vertical pattern of 137Cs specific activity concentration in forest soils. Our experiments were organized in Bazar forestry of State Enterprise (SE) “Narodychi Forestry” (Ukraine). We sampled soil in the study sites where grassfires occurred at different times, and determined the specific activity of 137Cs in all soil horizons. We determined that the forest fires and burned forest litter intensify mineralization of forest litter nutrients and increase the radionuclide content in upper layers of soil mineral part. In the following years, the radionuclides gradually move to deeper soil horizons and the difference between the burned and control areas decreases. We determined the depth of soil layer, where the changes in 137Cs specific activity occur caused by the forest fires. The time required for restoration of the original distribution is calculated. The results obtained allow us to identify a group of plants (by the location of the root system) that may have increased levels of contamination in the years following a forest fire and to determine the period when we must conduct additional radiological control of them. We suggested the recommendations on usage of non-timber forest products on the territories contaminated with radionuclides.

scholarly journals Theoretical justification of the main parameters of the coulter group of the sod seeder for strip sowing

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 321-331
Author(s):  
V. A. Sysuev ◽  
S. L. Demshin ◽  
D. A. Cheremisinov ◽  
M. S. Doronin
Keyword(s):  
Soil Layer ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Theoretical Research ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Theoretical Justification ◽  
Torsion Spring ◽  
Operating Modes ◽  
Working Bodies ◽  
Compact Design

Increasing the efficiency of direct strip sowing of grass seeds by means of seeders with active furrow openers is possible when seed and fertilizer working bodies are removed from the zone of operation of disk milling cutters. A structural and technological scheme of the coulter group of the sod seeder for strip sowing is proposed, which consists of a milling furrow opener, fertilizer and seed coulters mounted on leashes in the form of torsion spring trailers, and a rolling roller. To ensure high quality multilevel sowing of grass seeds and granules of mineral fertilizers, it is necessary at the design stage to determine the length of the fertilizer coulter sides, which prevent premature shedding of soil from the furrow walls until the mineral fertilizer granules reach the bottom of the furrow, and the minimum allowable distance between the fertilizer and seed coulters, which allows to cover the granules of mineral fertilizers with soil completely while maintaining the compact design of the coulter group. In the course of theoretical research, mathematical dependences were obtained to determine the rational parameters and operating modes of the coulter group of the proposed design, which will ensure a minimum spread of mineral fertilizer granules over the depth of incorporation and a high stability of the soil layer thickness between mineral fertilizer granules and grass seeds. Rational parameters of the coulter group of the proposed design are determined for the range of operating speeds of the sod seeder for strip sowing: angle at the apex of the shank fertilizer coulter in the horizontal plane is 15-20º, the length of the fertilizer coulter sides is 0.040-0.045 m, the width of the fertilizer coulter bell is 0.02 m, minimum permissible distance between the fertilizer and seed coulters is 0.14-0.16 м.

scholarly journals Influence of Rheological Properties of a Soil Layer Adjacent to the Working Body Cutting Element on the Mechanism of Soil Cultivation

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 153-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor Aulin ◽  
Oleg Lyashuk ◽  
Andrii Tykhyi ◽  
Sergiy Karpushyn ◽  
Nadia Denysiuk
Keyword(s):  
Linear Viscoelasticity ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Measuring System ◽  
Virgin Soil ◽  
Deformation Structure ◽  
Soil Cultivation ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Soil Destruction ◽  
Working Bodies ◽  
Special Strain

Abstract On the basis of rheological characteristics, stress fields and deformations, new methods of improving the mechanism of soil cultivation are substantiated in this article. The mechanism of soil destruction is observed. Paper investigates the process of changing the stressed-deformed state of the soil under the influence of the working body. To study the viscoelastic properties of black earth soil, the method of amplitude sweeping with a measuring system of parallel high planes was applied using a modular rheometer MCR-302 (Anton Paar, Austria). Range of linear viscoelasticity of virgin soil was found to reach 0.1% deformation; range of linear viscoelasticity of cultivated field area is smaller by an order of magnitude – to 0.02% deformation. Structure destruction (the point of equality of modules) of virgin soil occurs at 20% deformation; structure of long steam soil destructs at 8% deformation. Technique of measuring the isobar zones distribution in horizontal and vertical planes by means of special strain gauges of the LPX 5000 model was developed. To reproduce the force pattern of the working bodies’ effect on soil environment, the measuring complex MIC 400D is used; stress-strain state of the soil is defined.

scholarly journals MODELING THE WORK FLOW OF CUT-OUT SPHERICAL DISKS WITH HYDRAULIC DRIVE FOR FIRE-FIGHTING SOIL-THROWER

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 185-192
Author(s):  
Maksim Gnusov ◽  
Mikhail Drapalyuk ◽  
P. Popikov ◽  
N. Sherstyukov
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Forest Fire ◽  
Cutting Edge ◽  
Fire Fighting ◽  
Dynamic State ◽  
Soil Environment ◽  
Spherical Elements ◽  
Working Bodies ◽  
The Mathematical Model ◽  
The Relationship

In this article, considerable attention is paid to the method of mathematical creation of a structurally complex soil environment with vegetation. Structural and technological parameters of the interaction of the working bodies of the fire-fighting soil thrower with soil have been determined using a simulation-physical-mathematical model of the spherical disk relationship with the soil environment. The disk is equipped with a cutting edge with semicircular cuts. The mathematical model presents complex geometry of all forms of active work planes, as well as the relationship of the working bodies with soil elements. Surfaces of complex construction in the process of applying the finite element method have been transformed into a large number of simplified planar figures. The soil in the simulation physical-mathematical model is described as a complex system of a large number of spherical elements, determinately connecting with each other, as well as with the working planes of the machine. It has been determined that the relationship between the soil particles during deformation is viscoelastic in its nature. The calculation of forces is presented in the form of an algorithm for the interaction of elements on each other in relation to the distance of their location. The equations of motion are used that describe the change in the dynamic state of the soil over time. The movement of the working bodies of the unit, including spherical disk working bodies with cutouts in the framework of the mathematical model, has been considered in the simulated space, described as a parallelepiped. The ability to simulate the interaction of the working bodies of a forest fire soil-throwing machine with a working medium, including plant roots, which are located next to each other in the form of spherical elements in the geometric region. The task of increasing the efficiency of the forest fire-fighting soil-throwing machine when laying fire strips has been solved by improving the quality of preparing the soil shaft with spherical hydraulic disks equipped with a cutting edge with semicircular cuts, which are subsequently taken by thrower-cutters and feed the soil flow in a given direction

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