scholarly journals RESTRAIN HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA WITH ORANGE AND MANDARIN VOLATILE AND FOLDED OILS

2020 ◽  
pp. 5-22
Keyword(s):  
Serum Cholesterol Level ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Geranyl Acetate ◽  
Methyl Anthranilate ◽  
Synthetic Antioxidant ◽  
Oxygenated Compounds ◽  
Orange Peels ◽  
Mandarin Peel

ABSTRACT The findings of this study proved that orange peels contain more twice oil yield over mandarin peels (0.24% and 0.12%, respectively). Concentrated orange and mandarin peel essential oils were obtained by fractional distillation. The chemical constituents of original orange and mandarin oils (OO and MO) and their fivefold (5FOO and 5FMO) were fractionated and identified by GC/MS and GC. Limonene was the major monoterpene component in orange and mandarin oils, 89.65% and 65.57%, respectively, followed by myrcene (3.95%) and γ-terpinene (23.07%) in orange and mandarin oils, respectively. Octanal (1.47%) and linalool (1.5%) were the abundant oxygenated components in orange and mandarin oils, respectively. The decrement percentages of limonene were 18.58 and19.25% in five fold orange and mandarin oils, respectively. The major oxygenated component in 5FOO was the alcoholic β- Cis-terpeneol (4.27%). The main esters of mandarin oil, methyl N-methyl anthranilate and geranyl acetate were increased to 0.45% and 1.05%, respectively in 5FMO. In general, total oxygenated compounds percentages increased by 6.9 and7.3 times after folding of orange and mandarin oils, respectively. The above mentioned oils, pure limonene and synthetic antioxidant (BHT) were orally administrated for hypercholesterolemic rats for four weeks. No significant differences were recorded among groups of rats administrated with all different tested oils in body weight gain (%) or feed intake (g) (p≤ 0.05). In general, all rat groups administrated with orange and mandarin oils and their concentrates, showed improvement in HDL levels nearly to normal level compared to the negative control. Thus, the decrement of serum cholesterol level among cholesterol-fed groups did not correlate with the amount of limonene consumed by rats and may be related to other minor components associated with limonene and shared in the antioxidant effect. The efficiency of folded oils on hypocholesterolemic rats did not affect by decreasing limonene by deterpenation process.

scholarly journals Growth Performance, Serum Biochemical Indices, Duodenal Histomorphology, and Cecal Microbiota of Broiler Chickens Fed on Diets Supplemented with Cinnamon Bark Powder at Prestarter and Starter Phases

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 94
Author(s):  
Mohammed M. Qaid ◽  
Saud I. Al-Mufarrej ◽  
Mahmoud M. Azzam ◽  
Maged A. Al-Garadi ◽  
Hani H. Albaadani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Serum Globulin ◽  
Maximum Improvement

Ross 308 broiler chicks (n = 240) aged 1 day were assigned to five groups for eight replicates (six chicks for each) (3♂ and 3♀). Basal dietary groups were supplemented by 2000, 4000, and 6000 mg/kg cinnamon (CN) for 21 days. Basal diet alone was used as a negative control, and basal antibiotic diet (Colimox) was used as a positive control. At 10, 14, and 21 days of age, chicks that received 2000 mg CN and Colimox had a higher body weight, resulting in an increase in body weight gain. CN also resulted in the maximum improvement in the feed conversion ratio and feed efficiency over 1–21 days at the level of 2000 mg/kg. At days 10, the maximum relative breast weight was 2000 mg/kg of CN. Mean serum albumin concentrations, duodenal villus height, and goblet cell density increased (p < 0.05) by 2000 mg/kg of CN, and mean serum globulin and total protein concentrations and crypt depth increased (p < 0.05) by 6000 mg/kg of CN compared with control. Increased cecal Escherichia coli number was CN dose-dependent. In conclusion, dietary inclusion of 2000 mg/kg CN can be applied as an alternative to in-feed antibiotics for broiler starter diet.

scholarly journals Genotoxic and Chemopreventive Effects of Vochysia divergens Leaves (Pantanal, Brazil)

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Pollyanna Francielli de Oliveira ◽  
Suzana Amorim Mendes ◽  
Nathália Oliveira Acésio ◽  
Luis Claudio Kellner Filho ◽  
Leticia Pereira Pimenta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protective Effect ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Test System ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Xtt Assay ◽  
Vochysia Divergens

The medicinal plant Vochysia divergens is a colonizing tree species of the Pantanal, a unique and little explored wetland region in Brazil. This species is used in folk medicine as syrups and teas to treat respiratory infections, digestive disorders, asthma, scarring, and skin diseases. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the antioxidant, cytotoxic, and genotoxic potential of the ethanolic extract of Vochysia divergens leaves (VdE), as well as the influence of VdE and its major component (the flavone 3′,5-dimethoxy luteolin-7-O-β-glucopyranoside; 3′5 DL) on MMS-induced genotoxicity. The extract significantly reduced the viability of V79 cells in the colorimetric XTT assay at concentrations ≥ 39 μg/mL. A significant increase in micronucleus frequencies was observed in V79 cell cultures treated with VdE concentrations of 160 and 320 μg/mL. However, animals treated with the tested doses of VdE (500, 1000, and 2000 mg/kg b.w.) exhibited frequencies that did not differ significantly from those of the negative control group, indicating the absence of genotoxicity. The results also showed that VdE was effective in reducing MMS-induced genotoxicity at concentrations of 20, 40, and 80 μg/mL in the in vitro test system and at a dose of 15 mg/kg b.w. in the in vivo test system. Its major component 3′5 DL exerted no protective effect, suggesting that it is not responsible for the effect of the extract. The results of the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay showed that VdE was able to scavenge 92.6% of free radicals. In conclusion, the results suggest that the protective effect of VdE may be related, at least in part, to the antioxidant activity of its chemical constituents.

scholarly journals Chemical constituents of essential oil of Dracocephalum moldavica L. and Dracocephalum kotschyi Boiss. from Iran

2016 ◽  
Vol 107 (1) ◽  
pp. 25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Reza GOLPARVAR ◽  
Amin HADIPANAH ◽  
Mohammad Mehdi GHEISARI ◽  
Reza KHALILIAZAR
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Geranyl Acetate ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Aromatic Plants ◽  
Mazandaran Province ◽  
Isfahan Province ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Dracocephalum Kotschyi ◽  
North Of Iran

<em>Dracocephalum moldavica </em>L. and <em>Dracocephalum kotschyi </em>Boiss. are aromatic plants belonging to Lamiaceae family.<strong> </strong>The aim of this study was to identify the chemical components of <em>D. kotschyi<strong> </strong></em>and <em>D. moldavica</em> from Iran.<strong> </strong>The aerial parts of <em>D. kotschyi </em>were collected from (Kamu Mountain) Isfahan province and the aerial parts of <em>D. moldavica</em> were collected from Sari (Mazandaran province) North of Iran, during 2014. The essential oil was extracted by a Clevenger approach and analyzed using GC/MS. In total, 32 and 24 compounds were identified in the essential oil from the aerial parts <em>D. kotschyi<strong> </strong></em>and <em>D. moldavica</em>, respectively. The results obtained in our study indicated that the major components in the oil <em>D. kotschyi<strong> </strong></em>were limonene (23.56 %), carvacrol (14.65 %), γ-terpinene (12.99 %), α -pinene (12.62 %), 2-methyl-1-octen-3-yne (9.73 %), camphene (4.66 %), myrcene (3.65 %) and α -terpinene (3.12 %). The major constituents of the oil <em>D. moldavica</em> were geranyl acetate (36.62 %), geraniol (24.31 %), neral (16.25 %) and geranial (11.21 %). <em>D. kotschyi </em>is one of the important sources of limonene and<em> D. moldavica </em>is one of the important sources of geranyl acetate.

scholarly journals 2-Hydroxy-4-Methylselenobutanoic Acid (HMSeBA) Promote Follicle Development By Antioxidant Pathway in Gilts

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanpeng Dong ◽  
Sirun Chen ◽  
Yalei Liu ◽  
Zimei Li ◽  
Xinlin Jia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Granulosa Cells ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Follicle Development ◽  
Selenium Content ◽  
Total Selenium

Abstract Background Dietary 2-hydroxy-4-methylselenobutanoic acid (HMSeBA) supplementation can exert antioxidant effects in poultry, pigs and weaned pigs. However, it is unknown whether HMSeBA could improve the development of follicle by anti-oxidize effects in gilt. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary HMSeBA supplementation on the follicle development in gilt. A total of 36 gilts were randomly fed the control diet (CON, negative control), Na2SeO3 diet containing 0.3 mg Se/kg (positive control) or the HMSeBA diet containing 0.3 mg Se/kg from weaning to the 19th day after the second estrus. In another study, the effect of HMSeBA on the cells viability, proliferation, release of 17βestradiol (E2 ) and antioxidant capacity were investigated in the mouse ovarian granulosa cells in vitro. Results Results showed that HMSeBA group increased the average daily body weight gain (ADG) and decreased the ratio of feed: gain during day 120 to 176 in gilts ( P < 0.05). The selenium (HMSeBA and Na 2 SeO 3 ) increased the weight of uterine at the third estrus. There was no effect of HMSeBA on the number of large follicles (diameter >5mm), but HMSeBA decreased the gene expression of growth differentiation factor-9 ( GDF-9 ) and bone morphogenetic protein-15 ( BMP-15 ) in cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs). HMSeBA group increased the total selenium content in serum ( P < 0.05) and liver ( P < 0.01) and tended to increase the total selenium content in ovary ( P = 0.08). HMSeBA group decreased the malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration in the serum, liver and ovary ( P < 0.05), increased the total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) in the liver, thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) in the ovary ( P < 0.05) and increased the activity of GPx in the serum, liver and ovary ( P < 0.05). Na 2 SeO 3 supplementation decreased MDA and increased the T-AOC in liver, increased the T-SOD and TrxR in the ovary compared with control. At the transcription level, HMSeBA group increased the glutathione peroxidase 2 ( GPx2 ) and TrxR1 ( P < 0.05) expression in the liver, and increased the GPx1 expression ( P < 0.05) in the ovary of gilts compared with Na2SeO3 treatment. Besides, HMSeBA group increased the expressions of superoxide dismutase 1 ( SOD1 ) and Thioredoxin l ( Trx1 ) in the liver. In vitro experiment, HMSeBA improved granulosa cells’ proliferation and E2 secretion ( P < 0.05). HMSeBA and Na 2 SeO 3 both increased the T-AOC and decreased MDA in granulosa cells in vitro. Meanwhile, HMSeBA increased T-SOD, GPx, glutathione reductase (GR) and TrxR activity in granulosa cells in vitro. In addition, HMSeBA up-regulated SOD2 and GPx1 gene expression in the granulosa cells in vitro.Conclusion These results demonstrate directly, HMSeBA was more conducive to absorption and storage of selenium in the liver and ovary in gilt, and beneficial to exert the effect of HMSeBA on the antioxidant function in the liver and ovary of gilt. Moreover, HMSeBA has stronger antioxidant capacity in granular cells in vitro , which is more conducive to promoting follicle development. Therefore, the new type of organic selenium, HMSeBA, could be potentially useful for the control of reproductive processes in gilt.

scholarly journals Chemical Composition of Essential Oils Obtained from Heteromorpha arborescens (Spreng.) Cham. and Schltdl Leaves Using Two Extraction Methods

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Taiwo Oluwafunmilola Abifarin ◽  
Gloria Aderonke Otunola ◽  
Anthony Jide Afolayan
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Co2 Emission ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Solvent Free ◽  
Oil Yield ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Microwave Extraction ◽  
Oxygenated Compounds

This study was aimed at comparing the essential oils obtained from Heteromorpha arborescens leaves by Solvent-Free Microwave Extraction (SFME) and Hydrodistillation (HD) methods in terms of their chemical compositions, yield, CO2 emission, and energy consumption. The solvent-free microwave extraction method indicated a higher oil yield of 0.7 mL/200 g (0.35%) as compared to 0.59 mL/200 g (0.295%) obtained through hydrodistillation. GC-MS analysis of the oils revealed a total of 52 chemical components from both methods with the presence of 35 (96.52%) and 30 (71.15%) chemical constituents for HD and SFME, respectively. The major constituents observed in the essential oil extracted by SFME methods include α-pinene (6%), D-limonene (11.27%), β-ocimene (9.09%), β-phellandrene (6.33%), β-mycene (8.49%), caryophyllene (5.96%), and camphene (4.28%). However, in the hydrodistillation method, the oil was majorly composed of a-pinene (4.41%), β-pinene (10.68%), β-ocimene (6.30%), germacrene-D (5.09%), humulene (5.55%), and α-elemene (6.18%). The SFME method was better in terms of saving energy (0.25 kWh against 4.2 kWh of energy consumed), reduced CO2 emission (200 g against 3360 g of CO2), a higher yield, and better quality of essential oil due to the presence of higher valuable oxygenated compounds (8.52%) against that of the hydrodistillation method (2.96%). The SFME method is, therefore, a good alternative for extracting the oils of H. arborescens leaves since the essential oil yield is higher with more oxygenated compounds, considerable energy savings, lower cost, and reduced environmental burden at substantially reduced extraction time (30 min as opposed to 180 min).

scholarly journals Enzymatic programs for broilers

2009 ◽  
Vol 52 (spe) ◽  
pp. 233-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Otávio Berti Sorbara ◽  
Alice Eiko Murakami ◽  
Eliane Saiuri Nakage ◽  
Francisco Piracés ◽  
Alexandra Potença ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Broiler Chicken ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion Ratio ◽  
The Body ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Total Phase

Two trials were conducted on floor pens to evaluate the performance of broilers fed with diets contained different carbohydrases enzyme programs at different ages. Trial 1- The body weight gain (BWG) was affected by the Negative Control (NC) treatment (P<0.05). However, when the birds were fed with the NC diet + Amilase (AMY)+Xilanase (XYL), the BWG improved and reached the same level as the Positive Control (PC). Trial 2- The birds received enzymes supplementation in the total phase and others only in the grower phase.The ME reduction by 120 kcal/kg increased the feed conversion ratio (FCR) (P<0.05) when compared to PC and none of the enzyme programs was able to recover the performance. It can be concluded that it is possible to supplement with AMY during the role period of broiler chicken life or use an enzymatic program with AMY or AMY+XYL only in the grower phase.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF DIETARY SUPPLEMENTATION OF GARLIC ON FEED CONVERSION RATIO, CARCASS PHYSIOGNOMIES AND HAEMATOLOGICAL PARAMETERS IN BROILERS

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-11
Author(s):  
M. F. Islam ◽  
M. N. Haque ◽  
A. Parvin ◽  
M. N. Islam ◽  
M. N. Alam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Haemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Promoting Effect ◽  
Growth Promoting

One of the widespread spices is garlic which consumed by people of different parts of the world but its valuable growth promoting effect is not sufficiently studied in poultry. Growth promoting effect of garlic in broiler chickens was studied together with its carcass characteristics and blood parameters. Broilers were grouped into four: A (1%), B (2%), C (positive control) and D (negative control).  Aqueous extract of garlic (1% and 2%) was prepared by extraction and were administered with drinking water. A group (1%) shows best performance with regards to body weight gain rather than B (2%), positive and negative control. At the end of experiment (35th day), in A group, the live body weight, dressed weight, feed conversion ratio, liver, gizzard, heart, spleen, and pancreas were 1833.2±2.1g (P<0.05), 1229.7±1.9g (P<0.05), 1.63(P<0.05), 47.13±0.4g, 26.15±0.7g, 9.71±1.8g, 2.21±0.2g, 2.27±0.1g respectively. The mean Total Erythrocyte Count (TEC), Haemoglobin concentration (Hb) and Packed Cell volume (PCV) were 2.9± 0.1million/cm3,7.5g ± 0.2g, and 25.8 ± 0.6%, respectively. It is recommended that 1% aqueous extraction of garlic shows better growth and improved carcass qualities in broilers.

scholarly journals Energy utilisation and growth performance of chicken fed diets containing graded levels of supplementary bacterial phytase

2012 ◽  
Vol 109 (2) ◽  
pp. 248-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Pirgozliev ◽  
M. R. Bedford
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Phytase Activity ◽  
Performance Criteria ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Linear Pattern ◽  
Energy Retention ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Linear Manner

A total of 364 female Ross 308 chicks (1 d old) were used in the present study conducted in floor pens to investigate the effects of graded levels of supplementary bacterial phytase on dietary energy utilisation and growth performance. For this purpose, four maize–soyabean-based diets were offered to the birds from 0 to 21 d of age. These included a suboptimal P negative control (NC, 3·0 g/kg non-phytate P), NC+250 phytase units (FTU)/kg feed, NC+500 FTU and NC+2500 FTU. The effect of phytase activity on bird growth performance was best described as a linear relationship between increasing dose and increased feed intake (P< 0·001), but was quadratic for body-weight gain (P= 0·002) and feed efficiency (P= 0·023). There was no significant response (P>0·05) of dietary apparent metabolisable energy (AME) to supplementary phytase. The birds fed phytase increased their retention of total carcass energy in a linear fashion (P= 0·009) with increased phytase dose. The efficiency of dietary AME used for overall carcass energy retention also improved (P= 0·007) in a linear manner with increased dietary phytase activity. Dietary net energy for production (NEp) increased (P= 0·047) with an increase in phytase dose following a linear pattern, as an increase of 100 FTU increased dietary net energy by 15·4 J (estimated within the range of doses used in the present experiment). Dietary NEp was more highly correlated with performance criteria than dietary AME, and it seems to be a more sensitive way to evaluate broiler response to phytase supplementation.

Impact of exogenous carbohydrases and phytase on growth performance and nutrient digestibility in broilers

2013 ◽  
Vol 93 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Lu ◽  
S.A. Adedokun ◽  
A. Preynat ◽  
V. Legrand-Defretin ◽  
P. A. Geraert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Feed Ratio ◽  
Exogenous Enzyme ◽  
Enzyme Supplementation

Lu, H., Adedokun, S. A., Preynat, A., Legrand-Defretin, V., Geraert, P. A., Adeola, O. and Ajuwon, K. M. 2013. Impact of exogenous carbohydrases and phytase on growth performance and nutrient digestibility in broilers. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 93: 243–249. The effect of supplementing corn–soybean-based diets with Rovabio®Max AP, an exogenous enzyme mix with carbohydrase (xylanase and β-glucanase) and phytase activities to broiler chickens was evaluated. Male Ross 708 broilers were assigned to four diets: positive control (PC), negative control (NC), deficient in metabolizable energy (ME), crude protein (CP), calcium (Ca) and non-phytate phosphorus (nPP), relative to the PC, by 100 kcal kg−1, 5 g kg−1, 1.1 g kg−1and 1.6 g kg−1, respectively, in the starter and grower diets; and NC+Rovabio®at 0.05 or 0.075 g kg−1diet. Starter diets were fed from day 0 to day 21 and grower diets from day 22 to day 42. Body weight (BW) and body weight gain on days 22 and 42 were increased (P<0.05) by enzyme supplementation. Enzyme addition increased (P<0.05) feed intake from day 22 to day 42 and overall (day 0 to day 42). Gain to feed ratio (G:F) was significantly increased (P<0.05) with enzyme supplementation during both starter and grower phases. Enzyme addition increased (P<0.05) serum phosphorus (P) concentration on day 21. On day 42 enzyme supplementation increased (P<0.05) the apparent ileal digestibility of P, dry matter (DM), energy, and N. Addition of a combination of carbohydrases (xylanase and β-glucanase) and phytase to corn–soybean-based diets deficient in ME, CP, Ca and P resulted in a significant increase in growth performance and utilization of P, DM, energy and N in broiler chickens.

scholarly journals Effect of Dietary Supplementation of Organic Minerals on Growth Performance of Broilers

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 235-242
Author(s):  
Vinus N. S. Maan ◽  
B. S. Tewatia
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Protein Requirements ◽  
Organic Zinc ◽  
Organic Complexes ◽  
Mineral Mixture ◽  
Organic Minerals

A study was conducted to assess the effects of replacing inorganic ‘zinc’ and ‘manganese’ with different levels of their organic complexes on growth performance and nutrient metabolizability of broilers. Experiment was conducted with 300 broiler chicks randomly divided into six groups, each consisting of 50 broiler chicks. All groups were further subdivided into five replications each containing 10 broiler chicks. The basal ration was formulated as per BIS (2007) specifications to meet energy and protein requirements of birds. In experimental groups, first group was kept as negative control (T1) containing mineral mixture without ‘zinc’ and ‘manganese’ and T2 (positive control containing mineral mixture with inorganic salts of ‘zinc’ and ‘manganese’) while experimental groups T3, T4, T5 and T6 were supplemented with mineral mixture incorporated with organic ‘zinc’ and organic ‘manganese’ @ 50 and 100% in substitution of their inorganic sources. The highest body weight gain (2334.4g) and improved FCR (1.76) in broilers was observed in T6 group which was significantly (P<0.05) better than negative and positive control groups.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document