scholarly journals Author byline (Culture Coverage)

10.34778/2z ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maarit Jaakkola
Keyword(s):  
Art Criticism ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Critical Distance ◽  
General Staff ◽  
Employment Contracts ◽  
Daily Newspapers ◽  
Journalism Studies ◽  
Interest Representation ◽  
News Agency ◽  
And Gender

This variable describes the employment basis that the writers of the articles represent. It distinguishes between staff writers, representing in-house newsroom production, and freelancer-based writers, representing outsourced production. It also examines the shares of non-signed and news agency material, as well as material produced by the audience, whenever it is placed on culture pages. These are the major production instances for cultural coverage. Tracing their development across time delivers information on the strategic and economic shifts, reflected in the use of non-specialized writers (journalists from other departments and outsourced production). Field of application/theoretical foundation As debates on the state of cultural journalism and the anatomy of cultural coverage are often centered around the volume of reviews, this variable delivers more detailed information about the production structures of the articles. Commissioning freelancers is specifically characteristic of cultural coverage; in cultural journalism, external authors are used more than in any other form of journalism. Through the variable, it can be examined to which extent the freelancer networks are being used for cultural coverage. Another prevalent question for cultural coverage is the extent of news agency material, or “churnalism” (Kristensen, 2018), which strengthens the ties of cultural coverage to cultural industry and, as an indication of less critical distance, is regarded as non-preferable. References/combination with other methods of data collection In coding the variable, the author name indicated in the byline is recorded. The variable typically needs background research for determining individual authors’ employment contracts, which may also vary from time to time. For distinguishing between specialized staff journalists, general staff journalists, and freelancer journalists, the researcher may utilize newsroom superiors as informants, as well as the authors themselves. When cross-tabulated with other variables, the variable provides useful information on how freelancer production has developed in time with regard to cultural forms, genres, and gender. Sample operationalization The author byline is operationalized as follows: Event type Description Specialized staff journalist Cultural journalist: salary-based staff journalist in the culture department General staff journalist Other journalist: salary-based staff journalist in a department other than culture Freelancer journalist Outsourced production: writer separately commissioned for the text Newsroom signature Byline referring to the newspaper in question, leaving the writer anonymous News agency Name of the news agency (AFP, AP, Reuters, etc.) Member of audience A reader, non-journalist Not recognizable Producer of the text unknown, not signed   Example study Jaakkola (2015)   Information abour Jaakkola, 2015 Author: Maarit Jaakkola Research question/research interest: Representation of the author bylines according to the work contract of the journalists on culture pages of daily newspapers across time, to expose the production structure Object of analysis: Articles/text items on culture pages of five major daily newspapers in Finland 1978–2008 (Aamulehti, Helsingin Sanomat, Kaleva, Savon Sanomat, Turun Sanomat) Timeframe of analysis: 1978–2008, consecutive sample of weeks 7 and 42 in five year intervals (1978, 1983, 1988, 1993, 1998, 2003, 2008)    Info about variable Variable name/definition: Author Unit of analysis: Article Values: 1 = specialized staff journalist, 2= general staff journalist, 3 = freelancer journalist, 4 = newsroom signature, 5 = news agency, 6 = member of the audience, 7 = not recognizable Scale: nominal Intercoder reliability: Cohen's kappa > 0.76 (two coders)   References Jaakkola, M. (2015). Outsourcing views, developing news: Changes of art criticism in Finnish dailies, 1978–2008. Journalism Studies, 16(3), 383–402. https://doi.org/10.1080/1461670X.2014.892727 Kristensen, N.N. (2018). Churnalism, cultural (inter)mediation and sourcing in cultural journalism. Journalism Studies, 19(14), 2168–2186.

scholarly journals Enacting Feminist Methodologies in Research Toward Reproductive Justice

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. 160940692110161
Author(s):  
Krista Johnston ◽  
Christiana MacDougall
Keyword(s):  
Research Question ◽  
Research Process ◽  
Feminist Research ◽  
Clear Understanding ◽  
Reproductive Justice ◽  
Design Data ◽  
Related Services ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Political Praxis

Reporting on the development of an ongoing qualitative research project with clients of midwifery care in New Brunswick, Canada, this article details the ways that methodology is complexly interwoven with political praxis. Working through the development of this project, this article models one way to enact politically engaged feminist research at each stage of the research process, from developing the research question, through research design, data collection, analysis, and theory generation. In the process, three core principles of feminist research methodologies are extended: co-construction of knowledge, researcher reflexivity, and reciprocal relationships in research. This research is caught up in and responds to a fraught political context where supports for reproductive healthcare are limited, and midwifery, abortion, and gender-affirming care are all framed as “fringe” services that exceed the austerity budget of the province. Participants engaged in this study with a clear understanding of this political terrain and approached interviews as an opportunity to share their experiences, and to advocate for the continuation and expansion of midwifery and related services in the province. Through the research process, it has become evident that midwifery must be understood as part of the struggle toward reproductive justice in this province. These reflections will direct further stages of the project, including ongoing research and dissemination.

scholarly journals WORK RELATED VALUES AND ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT RELATIVE TO GENDER AND AGE

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 296-302
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Leszczynska
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Commitment ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Research Problem ◽  
Organisational Commitment ◽  
Motivational Systems ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Gender Groups

This article discusses issues related to organizational commitment and work related values. The research problem focuses on the correlation between values related to professional work and the affective, normative and calculative commitment of employees. A research question was posed as to what work related values are correlated with organisational commitment. The article presents the results of an empirical study conducted on a group of 2076 people with the use of a diagnostic survey. The obtained data were analysed relative to the gender and age of the respondents. The results indicate certain discrepancies in terms of the value hierarchies observable between employees of different ages. Both men and women selected work-life balance and security as their most important values. The level of commitment was comparable between representatives of the two genders, with the levels observed for normative commitment. Organisational commitment increased with age and was statistically different for the respective age groups. The study confirmed the correlation between the hierarchy of work related values and the level of commitment, as well as the discrepancies in this respect between the respective age and gender groups. The same suggests that there is a need to account for values held by the employees when developing and employing motivational systems and HR practices.

Influence of Environment and Gender on Career Choice among Secondary School Students in Kaura Local Government Area, Kaduna State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-134
Author(s):  
Abayomi Ambali Alaka ◽  
Salamatu Ishaku ◽  
Sadiq Aderibigbe Idowu
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Secondary School ◽  
Secondary Schools ◽  
Career Choice ◽  
Secondary School Students ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
School Students ◽  
And Gender

The study examined the influence of environment and gender on career choice among secondary school students in Kaura Local Government of Kaduna State. A descriptive research design was used and 18 secondary schools were clustered into three chiefdoms to draw a sample of 6 secondary schools using purposive sampling technique. Also, a sample of 422 students from a population of 3558 students from the three Chiefdoms was drawn using cluster sampling technique. The study developed and used a questionnaire tagged 'Environment, Gender and Career Choice Questionnaire (EGCCQ)' with correlation coefficient of 0.78. The students' career choice was based on the adoption of Career Interest Survey (CIS) and Vocational Interest Inventory (VII) developed by Bakare (1977). Descriptive statistics of simple percentage was used for the research question generated, while inferential statistics of multiple regression analysis was employed to analyse the null hypotheses developed for the study and tested at 0.05 level of significance. The findings revealed that students had preferences for career choice based on gender and environment. There was a significant composite influence of environment and gender on career choice among secondary school students in Kaura Local Government of Kaduna State, with the influence of environment being relatively than that of gender. It is therefore recommended among others that students should be well counselled in the choice of career process by professional counsellors and they should take into consideration the immediate environment of the students, their gender, interest, ability, skills and personality.

Developmental trajectories in mastery of paragraphing

2009 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debra Myhill
Keyword(s):  
Writing Instruction ◽  
Developmental Trajectories ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Linguistic Analysis ◽  
Explicit Teaching ◽  
Accepted Part ◽  
New Challenges ◽  
And Gender

Learning to write paragraphs and thus learning how to sub-divide a text for topical and organisational coherence is an accepted part of acquiring writing maturity, and most teachers of writing will include explicit teaching of paragraphing techniques within their writing instruction classes. However, there is relatively little pedagogical or empirical attention devoted to understanding the nature of development in paragraphing — how writers increase in sophistication in managing paragraphs, and the pathways of development from not using paragraphs to secure mastery. The study reported here, therefore, set out to answer the research question — what developmental trajectories are evident in mastering paragraphing in secondary-aged writers? The article draws on a detailed linguistic analysis of a corpus of writing samples from 359 students stratified by age (13 or 15) and gender and posits a model of development in which the trajectory is from graphical organisation through to topical organisation and finally to textual organisation. However, the trajectory is not simply linear as the demands of longer, more complex texts create new challenges in paragraph organisation for able writers.

scholarly journals The Importance of Orofacial Motricity in the Work of Confirmation of Transgender Voice: An Integrative Review

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
João Lopes ◽  
◽  
Gisele Lopes ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Literature Search ◽  
Experimental Validation ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Gender Recognition ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Voice

The voice is a manifestation of the muscular process, but with psychological basis, thus being an important aspect in performance and gender recognition. The transgender person finds him/herself in biological bodies not recognized by him/her. Many of them undergo hormone treatments and surgeries to suit their gender identity and value interventions in their body and voice. Objective: To explain the importance of the relationship between orofacial motricity and voice in the phonotherapeutic work to confirm the transgender voice. Methods: A literature search was conducted covering the period from 2010 to 2020, including articles with experimental validation, which discussed therapy techniques or evaluation instruments. Results: The search resulted in 1512 publications. After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 31 articles were selected. After detailed analysis of the selected abstracts and prioritization of the discussion of orofacial motricity elements, nine articles were chosen for critical analysis. All selected articles contributed to clarify the research question. Conclusion: Orofacial motricity plays a fundamental role in the confirmation of the transgender voice.

scholarly journals SUBVERSION AND THE DOUBLE VOICE IN LILLIAN SMITH AND KATHERINE DUPRE LUMPKIN

2021 ◽  
pp. 185-196
Author(s):  
Christopher George
Keyword(s):  
Critical Distance ◽  
Lost Cause ◽  
Social Discourse ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
Lillian Smith ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The One ◽  
Double Voice ◽  
History Of The South

Lillian Smith and Katharine Du Pre Lumpkin provide a subversive framework for the history of the South through the genre of autobiography. This paper will explore how both authors use a double voice to articulate their confrontation with the Lost Cause. On the one hand, the child protagonist is a Southerner and therefore an insider and participant, while on the other hand, the adult protagonist subverts the dominant social discourse thanks to a critical distance which is both physical and psychological. Smith and Lumpkin use autobiography to challenge tradition, hence subverting the central roles of race and gender.

scholarly journals Visual Merchandising Displays Effect On Consumers: A Valuable Asset Or An Unnecessary Burden For Apparel Retailers

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 1217
Author(s):  
Yolande Hefer ◽  
Michael. C. Cant
Keyword(s):  
Focus Groups ◽  
Thematic Analysis ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Consumer Behaviour ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Consumer Responses ◽  
Main Research ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Visual Merchandising ◽  
Buying Behaviour

Several consumers think they only purchase products when they go shopping, however time and time again they purchase the experience of shopping as well. The experience of shopping is highly influenced by the visual merchandising displays (also known as feature areas where merchandise is presented) used in store. Much has been said about visual merchandising displays and the effect it has on consumer behaviour. The way products are displayed and promoted in apparel retail stores can have a vast impact on consumer responses and how much merchandise the retailer sells. The main research question explored the effect visual merchandising displays have on consumer behaviour. Explorative research was deemed to be the most appropriate for this study and qualitative data was collected. Focus groups were used to collect the first round of data, where after nae sketches were used to support the findings. The focus groups and nae sketches were analysed by means of thematic analysis. The findings indicated that the visual merchandising displays guide consumers in the direction of the products they are seeking and that it also guides their decisions. The participants agreed that their buying behaviour is influenced on a subconscious level, based on the eminence of the visual merchandising displays, as well as their personal preferences and gender.

scholarly journals The reliance of the Jordanian daily newspapers on the Jordan News Agency as the main source of news and its impact on content

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 4776-4790
Author(s):  
Dr. Majid numan Al-Khudari, Dr.muhamad lamel al_quraan , Dr. Ashraf Faleh Al-Zoubi,
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Easy Access ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Daily Newspapers ◽  
News Agency ◽  
News Agencies ◽  
The World ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Government ◽  
Global And Local

Since the emergence of news agencies in the world, these agencies have become part of the global and local media scene, and newspapers cannot dispense with the services provided by agencies, especially the major news agencies in the world, which are the French Sons Agency, the British Sons Agency, the two American news agencies, the Associated Press and the United Press, as these agencies have become It controls the flow of news across the world, and newspapers prefer to rely on them for news due to the low cost and easy access to news. In Jordan, like other countries of the world, the media relies heavily on news agencies to obtain news, as major news agencies are relied upon to obtain international and Arab news, while the Jordanian Sons Agency "Petra" is relied upon to obtain local news. The Jordanian News Agency dominates the Jordanian newspapers that publish the news issued by this agency, which is considered the official and only official agency in the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan. This agency focuses on publishing official news, especially news issued by the royal court, the presidency of the government and other official institutions, as there is almost a monopoly on these news. By the agency that provides its services to Jordanian newspapers, Jordanian news sites, and radio and television stations for free. This study is classified within descriptive research, and the researcher relied on the survey method. Three Jordanian daily newspapers were tracked, namely Al-Rai, Al-Dustur, and Al-Ghad. All news published in these three newspapers were scanned for a period of fifteen days. The study revealed that 38% of the news published in these newspapers Extracted from Jordan News Agency The study also found that the three daily newspapers under consideration depend heavily on the Jordan News Agency for news This makes the relationship between agencies and newspapers almost completely dependent.  

scholarly journals Létezik olyan, hogy nőies, férfias és semleges emotikon? : 12 emotikon minősíthetőségének vizsgálata egy kérdőíves attitűdvizsgálat alapján

2021 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 91-103
Author(s):  
Dorottya Osváth
Keyword(s):  
Language Use ◽  
Research Question ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Attitude Survey ◽  
Visual Appearance ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Focal Area ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Relationship

This paper is related to research on language use on the Internet and gender linguistics. It briefly describes an online questionnaire attitude survey conducted in November 2020. In this questionnaire, it was examined whether women and men communicate differently in the discourse-type called chat, in the opinions of informants who filled in the questionnaire. This main research question was addressed by the overall research in several different ways. One focal area was the use of emoticons. In the study I present the results of one task from the questionnaire that asked informants to classify twelve emoticons as feminine, masculine, or neutral without any context. Therefore, classification had to be performed based on the way the emoticons were represented. The twelve emoticons were shown to the informants in a picture attached to the task. According to the results some tendencies can be identified in the visual appearance of emoticons which can imply feminine, masculine, or neutral qualification even without context. But these are only general statements whose contextual validity is shaped by certain factors. For instance, the nature of the relationship between two communicating parties can affect what emoticons are used, regardless of the gender of the parties.

Employment Law Concentrate

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Jefferson
Keyword(s):  
Trade Unions ◽  
Employment Status ◽  
Parental Leave ◽  
Employment Law ◽  
Parental Rights ◽  
Equal Pay ◽  
Employment Contracts ◽  
Essential Information ◽  
Vicarious Liability ◽  
And Gender

Each Concentrate revision guide is packed with essential information, key cases, revision tips, exam Q&As, and more. Concentrates show you what to expect in a law exam, what examiners are looking for, and how to achieve extra marks. Employment Law Concentrate helps to consolidate knowledge in this area of law. This fifth edition includes updates on employment law including coverage of the National Living Wage, shared parental leave, and gender pay reporting. There are new sections on equal pay between men and women and vicarious liability in equality law. Chapters examine employment status, contracts, and pay. The volume also looks at discrimination, parental rights, working time, and types of breach of employment contracts and termination of employment contracts. Finally the text looks at dismissal issues, redundancy, and trade unions.

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