scholarly journals Major Determinants of Female Child Labour in Urban Multan (Punjab-Pakistan)

1999 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karamat Ali ◽  
Abdul Hamid Abdul Hamid
Keyword(s):  
Formal Education ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Female Child ◽  
Child Labour ◽  
Working Children ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Family ◽  
To Come ◽  
The City ◽  
Security Structure

In recent years, the sensitive issue of child labour has received world-wide attention and has become the focus of serious discussion in developing as well as developed countries. Any exact information on child labour is usually hard to come by as most of the children work in the unorganised informal sector, which is neither regulated by labour laws nor is monitored by any organisation. These working children are usually illiterate and start working at a very early age, are inexperienced and vulnerable, they usually work long hours in deplorable conditions, have no medical cover, go without sufficient and proper food and clothing, and get little rest and recreation. In this paper, an attempt has been made to analyse the major causes of female child labour in the city of Multan and certain measures and policies have been suggested which could help in bringing an end to this inhumane practice. Legislation against child labour is not an ideal solution in a country such as Pakistan. The child labour phenomena is not as simple as it appears and needs consideration in the context of the microeconomics of the family and population growth and macroeconomics of the social security structure of a country, unemployment, underemployment, opportunity cost and productivity of formal education.

scholarly journals Economic and Social Determinants of Child Labour: A Case Study of Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan

2002 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 15-40
Author(s):  
M. Aslam Chaudhary ◽  
Farzana Naheed Khan
Keyword(s):  
Social Determinants ◽  
Adult Literacy ◽  
Female Child ◽  
Child Labour ◽  
Wide Spread ◽  
Working Children ◽  
Level Data ◽  
The Social ◽  
The City ◽  
Schooling System

This paper identifies important economic and social determinants of child labour, taking grassroots level data on the working children of Dera Ismail Khan City of Pakistan. Working conditions and their impact on child health are also identified. The variables like fertility, adult literacy and schooling system etc., are empirically examined. The analysis shows that poverty is the main cause of child labour in the city while other factors such as fertility, family size, adult illiteracy and schooling system also contribute to the supply of child labour. The situation is comparatively less serious for female child labour, showing the importance of traditional factors, which restrict females from working outside their homes. The social system of the area does not allow female children to work outside the home. Therefore, female child labour is not wide spread in the city, which is contradictory to the findings of the national survey on child labour. Thus, national surveys do not accurately represent regional child labour by sex. The present study has been carried out in an area which is backward and where child labour is wide spread.

scholarly journals The Impact of Customer Behavior on The Type of Household Expenditure.

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 7513-7520
Author(s):  
Elmira Kushta ◽  
Miftar Ramosaco ◽  
Fatmir Memaj
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Customer Behavior ◽  
Household Expenditure ◽  
Mathematical Methods ◽  
The Family ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
To Come ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

This study focuses on the family, enabling data collection and processing to come to the conclusion that it spends on average a month in a family in the city of Vlora. The data was collected in written and electronic form with a form that was drafted following the study of many models performed in economically developed countries. Contribution was given by more than 100 families involved in the survey. This paper aims to look at the essence of decision-making by applying the mathematical methods that approximate the average cost per capita for the city of Vlora and are equal to 1 328 lek, the understanding of the basic concepts of these managerial and conceptual disciplines and to increase the level of application of these methods and principles among stakeholders in decision-making in all levels of politics, economy, society, etc.

scholarly journals IDENTIFIKASI FAKTOR PENDORONG ANAK PEREMPUAN BERAKTIVITAS DI JALANAN (Suatu Studi Terhadap Anak Jalanan Perempuan di Kota Pekanbaru)

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 81
Author(s):  
Basri Basri ◽  
Yoserizal Yoserizal
Keyword(s):  
Junior High School ◽  
Street Children ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Pedestrian Bridges ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Family ◽  
Elementary School Education ◽  
Quantitative Descriptive ◽  
The City

In Pekanbaru City, more and more female street children are found. They used to roam the crossroads, at the "red light" intersection, on pedestrian bridges, in the shops, and in shopping centers. To anticipate the existence of female street children in Pekanbaru City, the Pekanbaru Social Service as an agency that has authority in handling female street children, has recruited these female street children and returned them to their home areas and to their parents' homes. However, the existence of female street children in the city of Pekanbaru remains a daily sight and in fact, some of them are old faces that have been repatriated. The research objective was first, to identify the social and cultural characteristics of female street children in Pekanbaru City. Second, comprehensively analyze the factors that cause girls to move on the streets. The research method is quantitative descriptive. The population in this study were all female street children in Pekanbaru. From this population, a list of all female street children will be created. From the number, the sample will be taken by simple random sampling. The results of the study showed that out of 115 street children the respondents were aged 4 to 18 years and the most aged between 12 and 14 years (45.22%). Seeing the age of street children who have school age, it turns out that 69.57 percent are not in school. While those who were still in school the education level (74.26%) had elementary school education and (25.74%) were in junior high school. The dominant reason done by street children originating from within themselves is on their own desires and that desire arises because of the economic conditions of the family. It seems that the reasons they put forward on their own are (59.13%) with the aim of helping parents (37.39 %) helps school fees 23.48 percent to find food (21.74%).

scholarly journals Percepción de los agentes educativos sobre la enseñanza en contextos bilingües

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (41) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Díaz Pastor ◽  
M. Ángeles Jiménez-Jiménez
Keyword(s):  
Primary School ◽  
Teaching Staff ◽  
School Based ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Family ◽  
Educación Primaria ◽  
The City ◽  
Linguistic Reality

Esta investigación muestra la percepción de los agentes educativos, concretamente la familia y el profesorado, sobre la educación en contextos bilingües de los centros de Educación Primaria partiendo de la realidad social y lingüística de la ciudad de Melilla. La metodología utilizada fue cuantitativa descriptiva ya que pretendíamos mostrar y caracterizar una parte de la realidad social y educativa. La muestra se seleccionó siguiendo un muestreo no probabilístico de tipo intencional en el que quedaban recogidos, bajo el criterio de representatividad, todas las características de centros de los seis distritos escolares a través del estudio de cuatro de ellos. La muestra real estuvo compuesta por 162 familias y 78 profesores. En cuanto al instrumento utilizado, se diseñó un cuestionario a través de otros ya publicados, que posteriormente fue validado por un grupo de expertos formado por profesores y familias, resultando un cuestionario final de 26 preguntas. Los datos obtenidos fueron analizados con el programa SPSS 25. Con la información obtenida se puede concluir que la comunidad educativa demanda la modificación de la normativa vigente con el fin de implantar un modelo que acentúe la importancia del aprendizaje de idiomas, es decir, un modelo basado en metodologías bilingües similar al de otras comunidades. This research shows the perception of educational agents, especially the family and the teaching staff, about education in bilingual context in Primary School based on the social and linguistic reality of the city of Melilla.

scholarly journals A PRÁXIS DO ENFERMEIRO NO PROGRAMA SAÚDE DA FAMÍLIA NA ATENÇÃO À SAÚDE MENTAL

2004 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Khívia Kiss Barbosa De Sousa ◽  
Maria De Oliveira Ferreira Filha ◽  
Ana Tereza Medeiros Cavalcanti Da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Social Inclusion ◽  
Health Program ◽  
Family Health ◽  
Specific Area ◽  
Family Health Program ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Family ◽  
The City ◽  
Empirical Material

Estudo realizado com objetivo de descrever as concepções dos enfermeiros que atuam no Programa Saúde da Família - PSF do município de Cabedelo sobre o processo de trabalho de enfermagem, as características desse processo, e, identificar os aspectos do processo saúde-doença que estes enfermeiros abordam com maior e menor freqüência, no cotidiano de sua prática profissional. Teve referencial teórico nos modelos de assistência à saúde implantados no Brasil, na estratégia do PSF, e, no processo de Trabalho em saúde mental. O referencial metodológico teve inspiração no Materialismo Histórico e Dialético. O material empírico foi coletado por meio de entrevista e analisado através da técnica de análise do discurso. A análise permitiu identificar os saberes e as práticas que orientam o trabalho investigado, auxiliando os sujeitos da investigação a desenvolver ações de enfermagem capazes de subsidiar uma aproximação com a superação das contradições reveladas, para adensar a construção de uma práxis, requerida na atualidade, que responda às necessidades de atenção à saúde mental, no sentido da inclusão social da pessoa com doença mental. O PSF é uma estratégia para a efetivação do Sistema Único de Saúde - SUS e como tal, um instrumento que pode ser empregado no sentido da municipalização das ações de saúde mental, aproximando essa área específica com o SUS e permitindo o avanço do movimento pela Reforma Psiquiátrica na perspectiva de uma de suas diretrizes, a desinstitucionalização da doença e da pessoa com doença mental. The nurse’s praxis in the family health program in attention to mental health care Abstract Study carried out with the objective to describe the conceptions of the nurses who act in the “Family Health Program”PSF of the city of Cabedelo about the process of nursing work, the characteristics of this process, and, to identifythe aspects of the process health-illness that these nurses approach with greater and minor frequency in daily of the practical professional. It had theoretical referencial in the models of assistance to health introduced in Brazil, in the strategy of the PSFand in the process of work in Mental Health, the metodological referencial had inspiration the Materialism Historical and Dialectical. The empirical material was collected by means of interviews and analyzed through the technique of analysis of the speech. The analysis allowed to identify the knowledge and the practical ones that guide the investigated work, assisting the citizens of the inquiry to develop actions of nursing capable to subsidize and approach with the overcoming of the d i s c l o s e d direction of the social inclusion of the person with insanity. The PSF is a strategy for the accomplishment of the only System of Health -SUS and such as a tool that can be used in the direction of gathering the actions of mental health approaching this specific area with SUS and allowing the advance of the movement for the Psychiatric Reform in the perspective of one of its guidelines, the desinstitutionalization of the illness and the person with insanity.

Factual Conditions of Early Childhood Prosocial Development in the Arena Playing Facilities in the City of Padang General

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 00004
Author(s):  
Setiawati Setiawati ◽  
Jamaris Jamaris ◽  
Rusdinal Rusdinal
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Social Development ◽  
Research Subjects ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Facilities ◽  
Prosocial Development ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Family ◽  
The City ◽  
Depth Interviews

This research is motivated by the low participation of parents in the development of children's prosocial activities in the arena of public facilities, which results in poor prosocial abilities of children. This can be seen from the behavior of early childhood who like to monopolize the game, not patiently waiting for their turn, likes to hit friends, and does not like friends, do not want to share and so forth. The purpose of this study was to describe the factual conditions of child prosocial development due to public play by the family so far. P.The approach used is qualitative with the type of case. The setting of this study was carried out in Singgalang Padang complex, while the research subjects were parents who brought their young children to play in public play facilities. Researchers were key instruments, and data collection techniques used participatory observation, in-depth interviews. Data analysis techniques using qualitative analysis. The results showed that parents had not participated in the social development of children in the public play arena. There are several reasons for parents why they do not carry out the prosocial development of their children, among them they argue that: (1) it is not yet time, the social development of children is done, because they are still too small. (2). Even if directed they don't understand, (3) there are parents who think that they don't know that social development needs to be done since the child is still small (4) There are parents who don't want to know about the situation and they are more focused on children themselves. Suggestions in this study need to provide information to parents or caregivers about children's social development early on in the public play arena.

The housing problem in light of the Syrian crisis and its repercussions on family stability - A field study of the city of Jaramana in the Damascus countryside governorate -: مشكلة السكن في ظل الأزمة السورية وانعكاساتها على الاستقرار الأسري – دراسة ميدانية لمدينة جرمانا في محافظة ريف دمشق –

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (13) ◽  
pp. 48-32
Author(s):  
Nihal Abdulsalam Rehawi Jalb Nihal Abdulsalam Rehawi Jalb
Keyword(s):  
Educational Level ◽  
Analytical Approach ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Family Stability ◽  
Housing Problem ◽  
Syrian Crisis ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City

The study aimed to describe the reality of the housing problem that displaced families suffer from in the city of Jaramana in light of the Syrian crisis and to identify the economic and social repercussions of the housing problem on stability among the responses of the sample families about the implications of the housing problem on family stability according to a number of variables (education level of the Lord The family, the work of the head of the family, and the income of the family), and the study adopted the descriptive-analytical approach, and a questionnaire was adopted as a tool to collect information, and it was applied to a sample of the displaced families within the city of Jaramana in the Damascus countryside governorate, and the sample consisted of sixty displaced families. The study found several conclusions, including: the largest percentage of economic repercussions were the difficulty in obtaining housing, followed by the percentage of inability to secure family requirements and the inability to pay the monthly rent, and with regard to the social repercussions, the largest percentages were for the lower educational level of children and the lack of privacy in the relationship between spouses, Regarding to the conclusion the study it is recommended several recommendations, including: Building temporary housing units equipped with all the supplies and needs to be distributed to the displaced families to meet the urgent increases of the displaced and reduce the severity of housing rents.

Who Chooses School?

2021 ◽  
pp. 85-107
Author(s):  
Md Jahangir Alam
Keyword(s):  
Developed Countries ◽  
Information Gathering ◽  
Social Conditions ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Education Development ◽  
Child Schooling ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Government

Universally, research shows that early childhood education (ECE) contributes to children's development in the very early years. Governments among developed countries subsidize an ample amount of money for children's early education development to generate and enhance human capital. Consequently, in developing countries like Bangladesh, ECE is driven by the family, where family socio-economic conditions make a significant contribution to children's transition from home to school, and to ensure their children begin school at a very early age. This qualitative case study explores parental socio-economic aspirations and the phenomena of ECE initiatives by the government for child transitions from home to schools in Bangladesh. This empirical research contributes by placing parental aspirations for child schooling and focusing on the information-gathering actions by parents in line with the social conditions that inspire parents to choose schools for their children.

Analysis of Factors of Family Economic Culture Development in RF Based on Experience of Developed Countries

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 88-96
Author(s):  
M. Bykova ◽  
Irina Savina ◽  
Andrey Shishkin
Keyword(s):  
Social Policy ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Economic Knowledge ◽  
Level System ◽  
The Social ◽  
Culture Formation ◽  
The Family ◽  
Economic Culture ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
Culture Development

The article deals with issues related to the possibility of using foreign experience in the system of forming the economic culture of the family. The analysis of factors that can serve as a catalyst for the formation of a policy in the field of such culture is carried out. The system of family economic culture formation in developed countries is analyzed. The article describes the concept of economic culture of the family. The possibilities of separating this concept into a separate category that differs from the concepts of "human economic culture" and "economic culture of society» are considered. The possibilities of creating a multi-level system for forming the economic culture of the family, with the inclusion of secondary and higher levels of education in this process, are considered. The author also analyzes the main prerequisites for creating a new direction in the social policy of the state in the field of popularization of economic knowledge.

The State, the Family, and Education: Ideology, Reproduction, and Resistance in Western Australia 1900–1929

1983 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paige H. Porter
Keyword(s):  
Western Australia ◽  
Education System ◽  
Social Reproduction ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Division Of Labour ◽  
The State ◽  
The Political ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Family

This paper argues that gender-related inequalities in education (and other areas) are most crucially understood as embedded in ideology about the family, and that that ideology is at least partially reproduced through the education system itself. The prevalent ideology about the family corresponds to the nature of the political economy and works to maintain and reproduce the social and sexual division of labour both within the family and in the society at large. This study describes one period of educational reform, 1900–1929 in Western Australia, and examines the ideology about the family that was perpetuated by the state through the formal education system at this time. However, social reproduction is seen as a complex process and subject to human mediation Consequently resistance to the state ideology is described, as are contradictions within the ideology itself. It is hoped that, by looking not only at reproduction but also at resistance and contradiction, the entire process will be seen as a more dynamic one.

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