scholarly journals EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF BIONIC SOIL-ENGAGING BLADES FOR SOIL ADHESION REDUCTION BY SIMULATING ARMADILLIDIUM VULGARE BODY SURFACE

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-106
Author(s):  
Jafar Massah ◽  
Fatemeh Hassanpour Roudbeneh ◽  
Zeinab Hassanpour Roudbeneh ◽  
Keyvan Asefpour Vakilian
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Drag Force ◽  
Body Surface ◽  
Physical Phenomenon ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Travel Speed ◽  
Geometrical Shape ◽  
Surface Drag ◽  
Armadillidium Vulgare ◽  
Adhesion Reduction

Soil adhesion is a physical phenomenon which results in undesirable effects including increment in drag force and energy consumption of cutting or tillage tools. One method to reduce the soil adhesion is biomimetics, i.e., focusing on the technique soil-burrowing animals’ benefit. In this study, three types of blade were designed and built: flat blade, corrugated blade and a combination of flat and corrugated blades. The corrugated blade was simulated from Armadillidium vulgare body surface geometrical shape. Experimental results showed that in dry soil, flat and corrugated blades required similar drag force while the combined blade showed higher drag force requirements. In wet soil, the corrugated blade resulted in the lowest drag force, which was due to faster movement of soil layer on the blade surface. Drag force of the corrugated blade was lower than the half of the drag force of two other blades at travel speed of 0.04 m/s. Besides, the drag force of corrugated blade decreased by increasing the blade travel speed. Furthermore, in wet soil, the energy consumption of the corrugated blade at the travel speeds of 0.02 and 0.04 m/s was 66% and 83% lower than the flat blade, respectively.

scholarly journals Nanofluid flow containing carbon nanotubes with quartic autocatalytic chemical reaction and Thompson and Troian slip at the boundary

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ramzan ◽  
Jae Dong Chung ◽  
Seifedine Kadry ◽  
Yu-Ming Chu ◽  
Muhammad Akhtar
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Drag Force ◽  
Chemical Reaction ◽  
Slip Velocity ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Surface Drag ◽  
Nanofluid Flow ◽  
Velocity Parameter ◽  
The Impact

Abstract A mathematical model is envisioned to discourse the impact of Thompson and Troian slip boundary in the carbon nanotubes suspended nanofluid flow near a stagnation point along an expanding/contracting surface. The water is considered as a base fluid and both types of carbon nanotubes i.e., single-wall (SWCNTs) and multi-wall (MWCNTs) are considered. The flow is taken in a Dacry-Forchheimer porous media amalgamated with quartic autocatalysis chemical reaction. Additional impacts added to the novelty of the mathematical model are the heat generation/absorption and buoyancy effect. The dimensionless variables led the envisaged mathematical model to a physical problem. The numerical solution is then found by engaging MATLAB built-in bvp4c function for non-dimensional velocity, temperature, and homogeneous-heterogeneous reactions. The validation of the proposed mathematical model is ascertained by comparing it with a published article in limiting case. An excellent consensus is accomplished in this regard. The behavior of numerous dimensionless flow variables including solid volume fraction, inertia coefficient, velocity ratio parameter, porosity parameter, slip velocity parameter, magnetic parameter, Schmidt number, and strength of homogeneous/heterogeneous reaction parameters are portrayed via graphical illustrations. Computational iterations for surface drag force are tabulated to analyze the impacts at the stretched surface. It is witnessed that the slip velocity parameter enhances the fluid stream velocity and diminishes the surface drag force. Furthermore, the concentration of the nanofluid flow is augmented for higher estimates of quartic autocatalysis chemical.

scholarly journals Optimal design of nose and tail of an autonomous underwater vehicle hull to reduce drag force using numerical simulation

2019 ◽  
Vol 234 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Saghafi ◽  
Roham Lavimi
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Drag Force ◽  
Autonomous Underwater Vehicle ◽  
Turbulence Modeling ◽  
Stokes Equations ◽  
Autonomous Underwater Vehicles ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Underwater Vehicle ◽  
Underwater Vehicles ◽  
Navier Stokes

In this research, the flow around the autonomous underwater vehicles with symmetrical bodies is numerically investigated. Increasing the drag force in autonomous underwater vehicles increases the energy consumption and decreases the duration of underwater exploration and operations. Therefore, the main objective of this research is to decrease drag force with the change in geometry to reduce energy consumption. In this study, the decreasing or increasing trends of the drag force of axisymmetric bare hulls have been studied by making alterations in the curve equations and creating the optimal geometric shapes in terms of hydrodynamics for the noses and tails of autonomous underwater vehicles. The incompressible, three-dimensional, and steady Navier–Stokes equations have been used to simulate the flow. Also, k-ε Realizable with enhanced wall treatment was used for turbulence modeling. Validation results were acceptable with respect to the 3.6% and 1.4% difference with numerical and experimental results. The results showed that all the autonomous underwater vehicle hulls designed in this study, at an attack angle of 0°, had a lower drag force than the autonomous underwater vehicle hull used for validation except geometry no. 1. In addition, nose no. 3 has been selected as the best nose according to the lowest value of stagnation pressure, and also tail no. 3 has been chosen as the best tail due to the production of the lowest vortex. Therefore, geometry no. 5 has been designed using nose and tail no. 3. The comparison made here showed that the maximum drag reduction in geometry no. 5 was equal to 26%, and therefore, it has been selected as the best bare hull in terms of hydrodynamics.

scholarly journals ACTIVE AND PASSIVE WORK OF THE TRACTOR IN THE COMPOSITION OF TILLAGE UNITS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. T. Lebedev ◽  
◽  
S. A. Lebedev
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Traction Force ◽  
Travel Speed ◽  
Dynamic Parameters ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
Additional Energy ◽  
Reverse Transition ◽  
Agrarian Policy ◽  
Scientific Practical ◽  
Vector Sum

Purpose of the study. Improving the efficiency of using a tractor as part of a tillage machine through scientific and technical substantiation of energy conservation. This goal is achieved by increasing the active (useful) and reducing the passive (not useful) work of the tractor. Research methods. The method of partial accelerations based on the reverse transition from the vector sum in the space of forces acting on the tractor to the vector sum in the space of accelerations is the basis for assessing the traction-energy and dynamic parameters of tractors in the composition of tillage machines. The results of the study. The unevenness of the movement significantly affects the decrease in the active work of the tillage unit and, accordingly, the increase in the passive work. A dependence is proposed for determining the additional energy consumption for oscillatory movements with an uneven movement of the tractor unit. It is proved that the additional energy consumption during the unstable movement of the tillage unit on the rut is 2-3 % (passive work) of the total energy consumption. The method of partial accelerations, which is based on the reverse transition from the vector sum in the space of forces acting on the tractor, to the vector sum in the space of accelerations, is the basis for assessing the traction-energy and dynamic parameters of tractors in the composition of tillage machines. On the basis of this method, the methodology for assessing the traction-energy and dynamic indicators of the tractor when performing the technological process without the use of dynamometric means has been substantiated. The modernized measuring and registration complex, developed with the participation of the authors of the article at the Kharkiv National Automobile and Highway University, P. Vasilenko Kharkiv National Technical University of Agriculture and the Kharkiv branch of L. Pogorilyy UkrNDIPVT in the direction of software for assessing the resistance of aggregated machines, traction efficiency of the tractor, longitudinal acceleration of the unit. The use of this complex when testing tractors is aimed at implementing the methodology of L. Pogorilyy UkrNDIPVT with the definition of traction indicators of tractors and standards of the Code 2 of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). Conclusions. The article contains a theoretical generalization and a new solution to the scientific problem of increasing the efficiency of a tractor as part of a tillage unit, based on a decrease in additional energy costs (passive work). The research results made it possible to formulate the main theoretical and scientific-practical conclusions. The scientific value of the study lies in clarifying the dependence of the tractor operation as part of the tillage machine in the direction of reducing the useless (passive) work on turns at the headland and on a turn on the rut. It has been proven that in order to ensure maximum operation of this unit, it must be operated with increased traction force and reduced travel speed. The dynamic model of the tractor as part of the tillage unit has been improved. The practical value of the study lies in the standard developed on the basis of the partial acceleration method for assessing the traction properties of the tractor SOU 71.2-37-046043080-017: 2015, which is recommended by the Ministry of Agrarian Policy and Food of Ukraine for use in testing and modernizing tractors.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF INTERACTION OF A CANTILEVER KNIFE BLADE WITH SOIL

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 172-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. A. Nikolaev
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
The Body ◽  
Energy Costs ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
The Road ◽  
Direction Of Movement ◽  
Knife Blade ◽  
Soil Excavation

Introduction. In order to the road to be durable at the minimum necessary cost for its construction, the topsoil should be carefully removed without disturbing the soil located under the topsoil. The problem of cheapening the roads construction without reducing their quality can be solved by creating a continuous unit for the formation of the underlying layer. The main working elemens of the unit are shovels. The blade of the cantilever knife fixed on the shovel cuts the topsoil from the bottom. It is located at the angle of 45 ° to the direction of movement of the shovel and also has a sharpening angle. The front angle of the blade of the cantilever knife.The method of research. The cantilever knife is divided into the elements: the edge of the blade, the upper face of the blade, the surface of the cantilever knife, a lower plane. The consecutive impact of many cantilever knives on the ground within the operating unit width with the ground of one notional cantilever knife at a distance necessary for the excavation of one cubic meter of soil was replaced. The interacting forces of a notional cantilever knife with soil are called notional forces. The methodology of calculating energy costs when penetrating the edge of the blade of the cantilever knife into the soil is presented: to separate a layer from the body of the soil, to create a gap in the body of the soil, to overcome the friction of the soil against the edge of a blade of a cantilever knife. The total energy consumption during the interaction of a edge of a blade of a cantilever knife in the soil excavation with a volume of one cubic meter was obtained by adding the particular energy consumption.Results. Based on the developed calculation method, the distance at which a cantilever knife has to move to excavate one cubic meter of soil, and the time of this movement determined. The energy costs are calculated when penetrating the edge of the blade of the cantilever knife into the soil: to separate a layer from the body of soil, to create a gap in the body of soil, to overcome the friction of the soil against the edge of a blade of a cantilever knife. The total energy consumption and their structure during the interaction of the edge of a blade of a cantilever knife with the soil during the soil excavation with a volume of one cubic meter are determined.Conclusion. The total energy consumption during the interaction of an edge of a blade of a cantilever knife with the soil during the development of soil with a volume of one cubic meter is about 7 thousand J/cubic meter. In the energy costs structure during the interaction of an edge of a blade of a cantilever knife with the soil, energy costs prevail to overcome the friction of the soil against an edge of a blade. To determine the total energy consumption for cutting soil with cantilever knives shovels of the unit for removing the upper soil layer from the underlying layer of a road, it is necessary to analyze the interaction of other elements of cantilever knives with the soil.Financial transparency: the authors have no financial interest in the presented materials or methods. There is no conflict of interest.

scholarly journals Substantiation of the Parameters of a Soil Tillage Machine Ripper

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-273
Author(s):  
Yuriy N. Syromyatnikov
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Ritz Method ◽  
Minimum Energy ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Initial Moment ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
Rotor Drive

Introduction. Production of safe food requires the avoidance of using chemical means to bring weeds under control in cultivating crops. Existing tillage loosening and separating machine PRSM-5 Dokuchaevskaya optimizes the physical and mechanical state of the cultivated soil layer, while the weeds are carefully removed from the soil by combing out together with the whole weed root system and laid on the surface, where they dry up under the influence of climatic factors. During the operation of the tillage machine, about 30% of the total energy consumption is spent on the rotor drive. Therefore, this machine is not working satisfactorily in firm soils. Materials and Methods. The soil was considered as an elastic-plastic medium. The generalized Hookeʼs law model and a variant of the plastic flow theory were taken into account. To simplify the calculations, there was used the experimental study information on the position in space of the soil deformation surface. The intensity of stresses of polyplastic deformations of the soil layer was determined. For the numerical solution of the problem, the Ritz method was used. Results. In connection with the indicated disadvantages, the parameters of the rotor ripper are justified taking into account the reduction in energy consumption for its drive. As a result of solving the problem by the Ritz method, the geometric shape of the rotor ripper was determined. The energy performance of the section of the tillage machine was evaluated by the torque of the rotor drive of the loosening-separating device. The rotor drive torque was determined for rippers with flat, convex, and concave profiles and for the profile substantiated during the study. Discussion and Conclusion. The profile substantiated during the study provides the best conditions for transporting the soil at the initial moment of the rotor entry into the soil and the minimum energy consumption for its drive.

scholarly journals LOOSENING AND LEVELING DEVICE FOR PREPARING SOIL FOR MELON CROPS

2021 ◽  
pp. 269-278
Author(s):  
Nikolay Aldoshin ◽  
Farmon Mamatov ◽  
Yury Kuznetsov ◽  
Igor Kravchenko ◽  
Aleksey Kupreenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Soil Compaction ◽  
Symmetry Axis ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
Soil Layers ◽  
Full Rotation ◽  
Soil Preparation ◽  
Automatic Formation

The analysis of soil cultivation technologies for sowing melon crops was carried out. The design of a combined soil tillage tool capable of plowing, pre-sowing treatment and formation of irrigation furrows in one pass was substantiated. The main tillage is recommended to be done by front plow tools for smooth plowing. Plow bodies of two bottom plows should be mounted along the symmetry axis of the implement according to the lister scheme, which allows not to carry out a full rotation of soil layers and provides automatic formation of irrigation furrow. A loosening and leveling device for strip pre-sowing soil tillage in the sowing zone has been developed. The use of a combined soil tillage tool can reduce labor costs up to 25%, energy consumption for soil preparation up to 50%, reduce the duration of work, reduce soil compaction and retain moisture in the soil layer.

Sustainable Analysis of Process Parameters during MIG Welding of 1018 Mild Steel

2022 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 0-0
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Mild Steel ◽  
Process Parameters ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Sustainable Manufacturing ◽  
Welding Process ◽  
Travel Speed ◽  
Contour Plot ◽  
Mig Welding

The present work analyses MIG in terms of strength and consumption of energy during joining of similar AISI 1018 Mild Steel plates. Sustainable manufacturing is the creation of various manufactured products that generally use different processes that will minimize negative impact on environment, conserve natural resources and energy, are also safe for the employees, consumers and communities as well as economically sound. Sustainable manufacturing highlights on the necessity of an energy effective process that optimize consumption of energy. AISI 1018 mild steel is extensively used in automotive industries for pins, worms, dowels gears, non-critical tool components etc. Main important output responses are Tensile Strength and energy consumption during MIG Welding Process by taking Current, Travel Speed and Voltage as effective input variables. The main objective is to optimize energy consumption as well as tensile strength also determination of main influential process parameters on energy Consumption and tensile strength by using Taguchi Method. Contour plot has been also shown.

Minimizing Energy Consumption Based on Neural Network in Clustered Wireless Sensor Networks

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 496-502
Author(s):  
N. Vadivelan ◽  
A. Ramamurthy ◽  
P. Padmaja
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Physical Phenomenon ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Cluster Head ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Head Node ◽  
Large Geographical Area

Wireless sensor networks were organized with the collections of sensor nodes for the purpose of monitoring physical phenomenon such as temperature, humidity and seismic events, etc., in the real world environments where the manual human access is not possible. The major tasks of this type of networks are to route the information to sink systems in the sensor network from sensor nodes. Sensors are deployed in a large geographical area where human cannot enter such as volcanic eruption or under the deep sea. Hence sensors are not rechargeable and limited with battery backup; it is very complicated to provide the continuous service of sending information to sink systems from sensor nodes. To overcome the drawback of limited battery power, this paper proposes the concept of minimizing energy consumption with the help of neural networks. The modified form of HRP protocol called energy efficient HRP protocol has been implemented in this paper. Based on this concept, the workload of cluster head is shared by the cluster isolation node in order to increase the lifetime of the cluster head node. Also cluster monitoring node is introduced to reduce the re-clustering process. The implementation procedure, algorithm, results and conclusions were proved that the proposed concept is better than the existing protocols.

scholarly journals Investigating the Effect of High-Rise Buildings’ Mass Geometry on Energy Efficiency within the Climatic Variation of Egypt

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 10529
Author(s):  
Mohanad El-Agami ◽  
Gehad Hanafy ◽  
Medhat Osman
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Climatic Variation ◽  
Geometrical Shape ◽  
Design Factor ◽  
Climatic Regions ◽  
High Rise ◽  
The North

Energy conservation is recently the most important issue all over the world, including in Egypt. Recently, the built environment of Egypt has experienced a dramatic change in its buildings’ typology, with more interest in constructing high-rise buildings. This in turn creates high demand for energy, as high-rise buildings are considered to be one of the most energy-consuming types of buildings. Egypt has a wide variety in its climatic conditions, with seven different inhabited climatic regions, and a further one which is uninhabited. Therefore, integrating the energy efficiency of a building as a major design factor in the early design stages of such a type of buildings is important. This article is concerned with investigating the effect of high-rise buildings’ geometrical shape on the building’s energy consumption within the different climatic regions of Egypt. Four building shapes (square, circular, rectangular, and ellipse) are examined. The long axe of the models is oriented to the north (“the optimum orientation within all regions”), with a window-to-wall ratio (WWR) of 30%. The performance of these models is studied in seven cities representing the inhabited Egyptian climatic regions using simulation software, DesignBuilder, with the EnergyPlus simulation tool. Study findings revealed that adjusting the geometric form of the building significantly affects energy consumption and thermal comfort with climatic variation. The most compact shape, circular, was the most suitable geometrical shape in four regions out of seven. The ellipse shape was found to be the most suitable mass geometry within two other regions, while the square shape was found to be effective in only one region. The results of this research indicate that designers should not use the rectangular shape anywhere across Egypt.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document