Pattern and Levels of Income among Loan Waiver Beneficiary Households in Punjab

2020 ◽  
pp. 426-431
Keyword(s):  
Structural Change ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Major Change ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Total Income ◽  
Indian Economy ◽  
Agriculture Sector ◽  
Significant Structural Change ◽  
Average Household Income

After a major change of 1991 in the Indian economy, there is a significant structural change not only in India but also in Punjab. Productivity in agriculture has reached its peak in Punjab and now the whole agriculture sector is burdened with the crisis of stagnation, overcapitalization, indebtedness, etc. Now it would be interesting to know the pattern and levels of income. This paper is an attempt to analyze the pattern and levels of income among loan waiver beneficiary households in Punjab using primary data of 318 households. The average household income of loan waiver beneficiary households was `229072.38, while it was the highest in Mansa district, followed by Ludhiana district and Hoshiarpur district. The study found that nearly 81 percent of the total income of households comes from agricultural sources and remaining from non-agricultural sources. Further huge inequalities of income were observed among beneficiary households. Inter-district inequalities showed that the Hoshiarpur district had minimum inequalities of income.

Contributions of Household Income of Farmers as Palm Crafts Outside Agriculture Sector

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 78
Author(s):  
Dewa Nyoman Sadguna ◽  
Ni Putu Anom Sulistiawati ◽  
Ni Komang Alit Astiari
Keyword(s):  
Household Income ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Farm Households ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Substantial Contribution ◽  
Large Contribution ◽  
Total Income ◽  
Agriculture Sector ◽  
The Craftsman

The aim of this research is to know: the reasons of the farmer working as the craftsman, the constraints faced by the farmer as the craftsman, and the large contribution of household income of farmers as a craftsman fibers outside the agricultural sector in Munggu Village. Data collected in this research are primary data and secondary data. Data collection methods used were interviews and questionnaires. The data were analyzed by dividing the household income from the palm craft sector with the total income of the farmer household which was then supplies. Based on the results of the analysis is known most of the respondent farmers work as craftsmen “fibers/palm “ijuk” is for economic reasons. The palm craft sector is an alternative in the effort to supplement household income since the income as a worker of palm oil producers can contribute to the total income of farm households, where the palm craft sector contributes 30,21 of the total income of farm households. The agricultural sector contributed 25,92%. Given the substantial contribution of the palm fiber sector, the work can still be done by the farmers of respondents as long as no other work is considered better in helping to increase the income of farm households.

scholarly journals Palm sugar business management and its contribution towards household revenues in Lebak District, Banten

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Astuti ◽  
RM Sari ◽  
A Mulyaningsih
Keyword(s):  
Household Income ◽  
Business Management ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Research Data ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Total Expenditure ◽  
Total Income ◽  
Total Household Income ◽  
Palm Sugar ◽  
Food Expenditure

This study aims to identify palm sugar business characteristic, to analyzethe allocation of labor and household revenue of palm sugar craftsmen and to analyzethe contribution of palm sugar income to the craftsmen household in Lebak Regency.The research data used were primary data and secondary data which were processeddescriptively and quantitatively. Sampling was carried out randomly (simple randomsampling) in five sub-districts of palm sugar centers in Lebak Regency. The resultsshowed that the average palm sugar craftsman allocated his time of 6.66 hours per dayto produce palm sugar. The allocation of labor is distributed in several stages of theproduction process including tapping, cooking, stirring, printing and drying. As muchas 77.14% of the total household income of palm sugar craftsmen comes from thepalm sugar business. Other income is obtained from farming other commodities andtrading. Total income is allocated for food expenditure, non-food expenditure andsavings. Expenditures on food account for 60% of total expenditure, while non-foodexpenditures are 32 percent and savings are 8 percent.

scholarly journals LABOR EMPLOYMENT AND UBIKAYU HEALTH REVENUE (Manihot esculenta Crantz) ON HOUSEHOLD FARMS REVENUE

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Himmatul Miftah ◽  
Dede Suryana ◽  
Yodfiatfinda Yodfiatfinda
Keyword(s):  
Household Income ◽  
Manihot Esculenta ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Farm Household ◽  
Agricultural Activities ◽  
Total Income ◽  
Manihot Esculenta Crantz ◽  
Average Household Income ◽  
Business Income ◽  
Farmer Income

Increased cassava demand was not followed by an increase in farmer income. To cover the expenditures of households, farmers work in non-agricultural activities. The objective of this research is to analyze the level of household income and contribution of cassava farming to the total income of farm household. The research was conducted in Purabaya Village, Purabaya sub-district, Sukabumi district, conducted from April until June 2013. The location was chosen purposively by Simple Random Sampling of 36 farmers sample. Conclusion The average household income of peani is Rp. 5,721,639 per year or Rp. 476,800 per month. Cassava business income contribution of 59 percent, from non-cassava farming by 9 percent and outside farming ie trade and services 32 percent of total household income Rp 40,553,344, -

scholarly journals Land Holding and Livelihoods: A Synthesis from Modi Khola Watershed, Nepal

2009 ◽  
pp. 43-51
Author(s):  
Shiba Prasad Rijal
Keyword(s):  
Household Income ◽  
Rural Livelihoods ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Unequal Distribution ◽  
Average Household Income ◽  
Western Development ◽  
Food Sufficiency ◽  
Development Region ◽  
Sufficient Food

This paper is an attempt to analyze land holding pattern and its consequences in rural livelihoods especially of Modi Khola watershed located in Western Development Region, Nepal. The study is mainly based on primary data collected from 360 households selected randomly from Modi Khola watershed during September-October, 2002. Land is an important natural asset, has greater implications on people's livelihoods. The distribution of land among households is uneven in this area. The implications of unequal distribution and access of land can clearly be seen on household income as well as level of food sufficiency. The average household income increases with the increase in land holding size. Likewise, the percentage of household reporting sufficient food production for household consumption increases with land holding size. Thus, the well-being of local people is largely tied-up with amount of land owned by the household. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ttp.v5i0.1952 The Third Pole, Vol. 5-7, PP 43-51:2007

scholarly journals ANALISIS DESKRIPTIF FAKTOR SOSIAL EKONOMI YANG MEMPENGARUHI PENDAPATAN RUMAH TANGGA NELAYAN TANGKAP (Studi Kasus: Kota Kendari)

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 69
Author(s):  
Deshinta Vibriyanti
Keyword(s):  
Focus Group ◽  
Focus Group Discussion ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Living Standard ◽  
Fisheries Resources ◽  
Average Household Income

Sumber daya perikanan dapat dimanfaatkan untuk meningkatkan taraf hidup dan kesejahteraan nelayan. Namun pada kenyataannya belum mampu membuat nelayan keluar dari jeratan kemiskinan. Pendapatan yang bersifat tidak pasti membuat keberlanjutan profesi sebagai nelayan tangkap menjadi terancam. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi pendapatan nelayan dan pengelolaan sumber daya perikanan di Kota Kendari, Sulawesi Tenggara.  Pengumpulan data primer di lakukan pada bulan Mei tahun 2015 di desa Purirano dan Bungkutoko dengan mewawancarai 200 responden di tingkat rumah tangga. Data primer diperoleh juga melalui  Focus Group Discussion (FGD). Data sekunder dikumpulkan melalui studi pustaka.  Analisis data dilakukan dengan program SPSS. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan rata-rata pendapatan rumah tangga sampel perbulan di kedua lokasi Rp2.307.863. Pendapatan rata-rata  di Kelurahan Purirano Rp3.094.803 lebih tinggi dari pendapatan di Kelurahan Bungkutoko sebesar Rp1.981.209. Rata-rata pendapatan rumah tangga tertinggi diperoleh pada musim gelombang tenang (sekitar Rp3 juta), dan terendah pada musim panceklik (sekitar Rp1,6 juta). Faktor pembeda pendapatan nelayan yaitu (1) faktor internal (kepemilikan jenis armada dan alat tangkap dan besarnya biaya produksi), (2) faktor eksternal (musim, harga dan pemasaran, dan degradasi sumber daya laut). Title: Descriptive Analysis of Socio Economic Factors Influencing to Fishers’ Household Income (Case Study: Kendari City)Fisheries resources are potential to improve the living standard and welfare of fishers, however, its production has not able yet to lift fishers out of poverty. The uncertain level of income threaten the sustainability of the fishers livelihood. This study aims to determine factors that influence the income of fishers and fisheries resources management in Kendari City, Southeast Sulawesi. Primary data were collected from 200 household respondents in May 2015 through Focus Group Discussion (FGD) in Purirano and Bungkutoko villages. Secondary data were collected from literature. Data were analysed using SPSS program. The results showed that average household income per month in the two locations was IDR2,307,863.  The average income in Purirano Sub-district was IDR3,094,803. It was IDR1,981,209 higher than the income in Bungkutoko Sub-District.The highest average household income was obtained during the calm wave season (around IDR 3 million), and the lowest income was obtained in the strong wave season (around IDR 1.6 million). The fishers income differentiate factors are (1) internal factors (ownership of fleet type, fishing gear, and production costs), (2) external factors (season, prices and marketing, and degradation of marine resources). 

Socio economic determinants of child labour in selected districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-60
Author(s):  
Nabeela Begum ◽  
Javed Iqbal ◽  
Hina
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Family Size ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Child Labour ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Economic Determinants ◽  
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa ◽  
Socioeconomic Characteristics ◽  
Education Organization ◽  
Children Education

This study examines the determinants of child labour in Mardan and Nowshera districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Primary data on socioeconomic characteristics of children engaged and did not engage in child labour were obtained from Labour Education Organization Mardan. Age of the children and family size are positively and education is negatively and significantly associated with the probability of children participation in labour market. The probability of child labour is more with the household income although with a very low coefficient value which is contrary to our expectations and may ne indicative that child labour could be a major source of household income. This study suggests that subsidies may be provided to families for their children education. Family size is also positively related to the child labour, therefore steps may be taken towards encouraging small family sizes and thereby reducing the child labour.

PENGARUH PENDAPATAN RUMAH TANGGA TERHADAP KONSUMSI DAGING (SAPI, BABI DAN AYAM ) DI DESA SEA I KECAMATAN PINELENG

ZOOTEC ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
Richie A.F. Osak ◽  
V V.J Panelewen ◽  
J. Pandey ◽  
I. D.R Lumenta
Keyword(s):  
Household Income ◽  
Household Head ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Meat Consumption ◽  
Research Problem ◽  
Chicken Meat ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Village

ABSTRACT THE EFFECT OF HOUSEHOLD INCOME ON MEAT CONSUMPTION (BEEF, PORK AND CHIKEN) AT THE VILLAGE OF SEA I, PINELENG DISTRICT.This study aims to determine the magnitude of meat consumption (beef, porl and chiken) of household based on income levels in the Village of Sea I, Pineleng district and to determine the effect of household income on meat consumption (beef, porl and chiken) in the Village of Sea I, Pineleng district. Formulation of research problem is how much they purchased meat (beef, porl and chiken) consumption household in the Village of Sea I, Pineleng district. This study was conducted in the Village of Sea I, Pineleng district. Study was conducted using a survey method, and data were obtained through primary data and secondary data. Determination of the location (rural sample) in the study was conducted by purposive sampling method. Number of samples used in this study were 30 people. Data of this study were analyzed by descriptive and mathematical analysis methods. Income indicated the amount of income earned in a month household, whether they were from the household head or sourced from other household members who work and earn income. From the money earned, the highest number of respondents had incomes between 1.000.000 to 3.000.000/month with the percentage of 70 %, while the number of respondents with the smallest income was less than 1.000.000/month with the percentage of 16.67 %. The difference of income held by the respondents in the Village of Sea I, would have an impact on the amount of meat purchases each month. This was in accordance with the opinion Sukirno (2002) stating that most of the disposable income is used to buy food and clothing. Most of the meat consumed by people in the Village of Sea I was pork and chicken meat compared to beef, it was because the price of beef was relatively expensive compared to the price of pork and chicken meat. Based on research results, pork was the most meat consumed by family respondents about 21 families with the percentage of 70 % of respondents, followed by chicken meat about 18 families with the percentage of 60 % of respondents, and beef by 8 families with the percentage of 26 respondents, 67 % of domestic poultry and meat about 6 families with the percentage of 20 % of respondents. Based on the results of research, it can be concluded that household income significantly affect the consumption of meat in the Village of Sea I, Pineleng district and the average consumption of meat in the Village of Sea I, Pineleng district was about 8,9  kg/capita/year, below the national target of 10,3  kg/capita/year.   Key Words : Household income, meat consumption, Sea I Village.

Growth and Performance of Agriculture Sector in India

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Naresh Singla ◽  
Mamandeep Kaur
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Capital Formation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Agricultural Credit ◽  
Agricultural Growth ◽  
Indian Economy ◽  
Agriculture Sector ◽  
Food Grain ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Agricultural Labourers

The growth of agriculture and allied sectors is critical for the Indian economy as about 49 percent of the population is directly or indirectly dependent on agriculture. During the last decade and so, the agriculture sector has undergone profound changes resulting in sharp deceleration in its growth. The study has attempted to analyze growth and performance of the agriculture sector in India since 1980-81 and tries to comprehend some of the factors responsible for the deceleration in growth. The study has shown that agriculture sector has been able to show tremendous improvement in expansion of area and production of food grain and non-food grain crops. However, there are so many underlying factors responsible for slowdown of the agricultural growth. Some of the factors identified include: Increase in area under non-agriculture uses, excessive dependence on rain fed farming, increase in number of agricultural labourers, reducing size of the operation holdings, over use of agri-inputs, inequity in the distribution of agriculture credit along with sharp deceleration in public gross capital formation in agriculture etc. The study pointed in order to achieve higher growth rate, there is a need to enhance the gross capital formation in agriculture sector particularly on irrigation so that more area can be brought under assured irrigation. Bringing equity in distribution of agricultural credit coupled with judicious and need-based agricultural inputs are some of the other recommendations drawn based upon the study.

scholarly journals Adoption of improved agricultural technology and its impact on household income: a propensity score matching estimation in eastern Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muluken G. Wordofa ◽  
Jemal Y. Hassen ◽  
Getachew S. Endris ◽  
Chanyalew S. Aweke ◽  
Dereje K. Moges ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Propensity Score ◽  
Propensity Score Matching ◽  
Technology Use ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Agricultural Technology ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Agricultural Technologies ◽  
Eastern Ethiopia ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Adoption of improved agricultural technologies remains to be a promising strategy to achieve food security and poverty reduction in many developing countries. However, there are limited rigorous impact evaluations on the contributions of such technologies on household welfare. This paper investigates the impact of improved agricultural technology use on farm household income in eastern Ethiopia. Methods Primary data for the study was obtained from a random sample of 248 rural households, 119 of which are improved technology users and the rest are non-users. The research employed the Propensity Score Matching (PSM) procedure to establish the causal relationship between adoption of improved crop and livestock technologies and changes in farm income. Results Results from the econometric analysis show that households using improved agricultural technologies had, on average, 23,031.28 Birr (Birr is the official currency of Ethiopia. The exchange rate according to the National Bank of Ethiopia (NBE) was 1 USD = 27.6017 Birr on 04 October 2018.) higher annual farm income compared to those households not using such technologies. Our findings highlight the importance of promoting multiple and complementary agricultural technologies among rural smallholders. Conclusions We suggest that rural technology generation, dissemination and adoption interventions be strengthened. Moreover, the linkage among research, extension, universities and farmers needs to be enhanced through facilitating a multistakeholders innovation platforms.

scholarly journals Association between parental socioeconomic status and offspring overweight/obesity from the China Family Panel Studies: a longitudinal survey

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. e045433
Author(s):  
Suqin Ding ◽  
Jingqi Chen ◽  
Bin Dong ◽  
Jie Hu
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Regression Model ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Parental Education ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Longitudinal Survey ◽  
Average Household Income ◽  
Education Levels ◽  
Parental Socioeconomic Status

ObjectiveTo examine the association between parental socioeconomic status (SES) and the risk of offspring overweight/obesity and the changes of the association that occur as children grow older.DesignWe used data from the nationally representative longitudinal survey of the China Family Panel Studies of 2010 and its three follow-up waves in 2012, 2014 and 2016.ParticipantsA total of 6724 children aged 0–15 years old were included.Primary and secondary outcome measuresAverage household income and paternal and maternal education levels were used as SES indicators. Logistic regression model for panel data was used to examine the associations between SES indicators and child overweight/obesity. A restricted cubic spline linear regression model was used to estimate body mass index (BMI) trajectories with child growth across parental SES levels.ResultsCompared with the lowest education level (primary school or less), the ORs for fathers who had completed junior high school, senior high school and junior college or higher were 0.85 (95% CI 0.75 to 0.97), 0.77 (95% CI 0.64 to 0.92) and 0.72 (95% CI 0.55 to 0.93), respectively. The corresponding ORs for mothers were 0.76 (95% CI 0.67 to 0.86), 0.59 (95% CI 0.47 to 0.72) and 0.45 (95% CI 0.34 to 0.60), respectively. A negative association between parental education and offspring overweight/obesity was observed in the first 10 years but not in children 11–15 years old. BMI differences across parental education levels emerged from birth and widened before 6–7 years old, but decreased before adolescence. High average household income was related to a low risk of offspring overweight/obesity but not when parental education level was adjusted for.ConclusionHigh parental education levels were associated with a low risk of offspring overweight/obesity, especially before adolescence. Effective approaches need to be adopted in early childhood to reduce socioeconomic differences in overweight/obesity.

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