scholarly journals The Utilization of Cashew Shell Residues and Grease Waste for Charcoal Briquette Production

2017 ◽  
pp. 33-40
Author(s):  
Supaporn Pongthornpruek
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Minimum Requirement ◽  
Mixing Ratios ◽  
Heat Utilization ◽  
High Heating Value ◽  
American Society

This study aims to investigate appropriate utilization of mixing grease waste (GW) from a canteen’s grease trap with cashew shell charcoal (CSC) to produce briquette fuel by weight (GW:CSC) in the ratio 1:2, 2:2, 3:2 and 4:2. All different mixing ratios used starch paste as binding agent. The physical and chemical properties of briquette fuel were analyzed to verify its heating value components as specified by the American Society for Testing and Material (ASTM). In addition, in terms of heat utilization efficiency and pollution aspects, the content of carbon monoxide (CO) emissions from combustion were measured. The result of this study shows that the mixture of all components could produce charcoal briquette fuel. All the different mixing ratios have heating values exceeding the minimum requirement under the Thai Community Product Standard (tcps 238/2004). The high heating value ranged from 7724-8109 cal g-1on a dry basis. The heat utilization efficiency of briquette fuel was between 5.15-12.43 min. The charcoal briquette in 4:2 ratio had the least time of boiling at 5.15 min. In regard to air pollution aspect, the average concentration of CO emissions from briquette fuel were 151.6, 232.4, 210.5 and 292.5 ppm in the ratio 1:2, 2:2, 3:2 and 4:2, respectively. The heating value of briquette fuel was higher than the heating value of other briquette fuel reported in previous studies. Therefore, the cashew shell mixed with grease waste would make an viable alternative energy source for incinerators, that can also minimize waste.

The Utilization of Bamboo Residues and Grease Waste for Charcoal Briquette Production

2019 ◽  
Vol 886 ◽  
pp. 154-158
Author(s):  
Supaporn Pongthornpruek ◽  
Achitpon Sasitharanuwat
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Minimum Requirement ◽  
Mixing Ratios ◽  
Feasible Alternative ◽  
American Society ◽  
Product Standard ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

This study aims to investigate appropriate utilization of mixing grease waste (GW) from a canteen’s grease trap with bamboo residues charcoal (BC) to produce briquette fuel in the various ratio by weight, 1:2, 2:2, 3:2 and 4:2 (GW:BC). The physical and chemical properties of briquette fuel were analyzed to verify its heating value components as specified by the American Society for Testing and Material (ASTM). The results showed that the mixture of all components could produce charcoal briquette fuel. The GW:BC mixing ratios 3:2 and 4:2 have heating values exceeding the minimum requirement under the Thai Community Product Standard (tcps 238/2004). The briquettes mixing ratio of 3:2 was suitable for utilization. The heating value high to 7,938 cal/g on a dry basis.The charcoal briquette mixed with grease waste can be a feasible alternative energy source for incinerating which minimize to reduce waste.

scholarly journals Potential of Biochar Derived from Agricultural Residues for Sustainable Management

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 8147
Author(s):  
Sasiwimol Khawkomol ◽  
Rattikan Neamchan ◽  
Thunchanok Thongsamer ◽  
Soydoa Vinitnantharat ◽  
Boonma Panpradit ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Agricultural Residues ◽  
Hydroxyl Groups ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Coconut Husk ◽  
High Heating Value ◽  
Horizontal Drum ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

A horizontal drum kiln is a traditional method widely used in Southeast Asian countries for producing biochar. An understanding of temperature conditions in the kiln and its influence on biochar properties is crucial for identifying suitable biochar applications. In this study, four agricultural residues (corncob, coconut husk, coconut shell, and rice straw) were used for drum kiln biochar production. The agricultural residues were turned into biochar within 100–200 min, depending on their structures. The suitability of biochar for briquette fuels was analyzed using proximate, ultimate, and elemental analysis. The biochar’s physical and chemical properties were characterized via bulk density, iodine number, pHpzc, SEM, and FTIR measurements. All biochars had low O/C and H/C ratios and negative charge from both carbonyl and hydroxyl groups. Coconut husk and shell biochar had desirable properties such as high heating value and a high amount of surface functional groups which can interact with nutrients in soil. These biochars are thus suitable for use for a variety of purposes including as biofuels, adsorbents, and as soil amendments.

scholarly journals ANALISIS NILAI KALOR DAN LAJU PEMBAKARAN BRIKET TONGKOL JAGUNG SEBAGAI SUMBER ENERGI ALTERNATIF

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 382
Author(s):  
Dwi Pangga ◽  
Sukainil Ahzan ◽  
Habibi Habibi ◽  
A’an Hardiyansyah Putra Wijaya ◽  
Linda Sekar Utami
Keyword(s):  
Burning Rate ◽  
Combustion Rate ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Corn Cobs ◽  
Alternative Energy Source ◽  
High Heating Value ◽  
Rate Of Combustion ◽  
High Heating

ABSTRAKTujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk menghasilkan briket tongkol jagung sebagai alternative sumber energi yang memiliki nilai kalor yang tinggi. Briket tongkol jagung dibuat dari tongkol jagung yang sudah dikeringkan dan dihaluskan sebelumnya dengan ukuran 20 mesh. Masing-masing perlakuan dicetak dengan variasi persentase perekat tepung tapioka yaitu 5%, 10%, dan 15%. Selain variasi perekat dilakukan juga variasi tekanan pembentukannya untuk melihat komposisi terbaik yang menghasilkan nilai kalor yang tinggi dan laju pembakaran yang sesuai. Briket selanjutnya diuji nilai kalor dan laju pembakarannya dengan menggunakan alat bom calorimeter. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa secara berturut-turut nilai kalor dan laju pembakaran briket dengan persentase komposisi perekat 5%, 10%, 15% yaitu 21,00 kJ, 22,68 kJ, 31,08 kJ, dan 12,00 gram/menit, 13,33 gram/menit, 13,50 gram/menit. Hasil terbaik dihasilkan pada komposisi persentase perekat 15% dengan nilai kalor mencapai 31,08 kJ, dan laju pembakaran 13,50 gram/menit yang tidak terlalu jauh meningkat dibandingkan dengan komposisi persentase perekat lainnya. Kata kunci: briket; tongkol jagung; nilai kalor; laju pembakaran  ABSTRACTThe purpose of this research is to produce corn cobs briquettes as an alternative energy source that has a high calorific value. Corn cobs briquettes are made from corn cobs that have been dried and previously mashed with a size of 20 mesh. Each treatment was printed with variations in the percentage of tapioca starch adhesive, namely 5%, 10%, and 15%. In addition to variations of the adhesive, variations in the formation pressure were also carried out to see the best composition that produced a high heating value and an appropriate combustion rate. The briquettes were then tested for calorific value and rate of combustion using a bomb calorimeter. The results showed that the calorific value and burning rate of briquettes with the percentage of adhesive composition 5%, 10%, 15%, were 21.00 kJ, 22.68 kJ, 31.08 kJ, and 12.00 gram/minute, respectively. 13.33 grams/minute, 13.50 grams/minute. The best results were obtained at 15% adhesive percentage composition with a calorific value of 31.08 kJ, and a burning rate of 13.50 gram/minute which was not significantly increased compared to other adhesive percentage compositions. Keywords: briquettes; corn cobs; calorific value; combustion rate

scholarly journals Combustion Study of Polyoxymethylene Dimethyl Ethers and Diesel Blend Fuels on an Optical Engine

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (15) ◽  
pp. 4608
Author(s):  
Jingjing He ◽  
Hao Chen ◽  
Xin Su ◽  
Bin Xie ◽  
Quanwei Li
Keyword(s):  
Soot Formation ◽  
Comprehensive Evaluation ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Optical Engine ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Combustion Duration ◽  
Polyoxymethylene Dimethyl Ethers ◽  
Lower Heating Value ◽  
Lower Heating

Polyoxymethylene dimethyl ethers (PODE) are a newly appeared promising oxygenated alternative that can greatly reduce soot emissions of diesel engines. The combustion characteristics of the PODE and diesel blends (the blending ratios of PODE are 0%, 20%, 50% and 100% by volume, respectively) are investigated based on an optical engine under the injection timings of 6, 9, 12 and 15-degree crank angles before top dead center and injection pressures of 100 MPa, 120 MPa and 140 MPa in this study. The results show that both the ignition delay and combustion duration of the fuels decrease with the increasing of PODE ratio in the blends. However, in the case of the fuel supply of the optical engine being fixed, the heat release rate, cylinder pressure and temperature of the blend fuels decrease with the PODE addition due to the low lower heating value of PODE. The addition of PODE in diesel can significantly reduce the integrated natural flame luminosity and the soot formation under all injection conditions. When the proportion of the PODE addition is 50% and 100%, the chemical properties of the blends play a leading role in soot formation, while the change of the injection conditions have an inconspicuous effect on it. When the proportion of the PODE addition is 20%, the blend shows excellent characteristics in a comprehensive evaluation of combustion and soot reduction.

scholarly journals Biochar and Energy Production: Valorizing Swine Manure through Coupling Co-Digestion and Pyrolysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rubén González ◽  
Judith González ◽  
José G. Rosas ◽  
Richard Smith ◽  
Xiomar Gómez
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Swine Manure ◽  
Solid Content ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Plant Design ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
High Heating Value ◽  
Bio Oil

Anaerobic digestion is an established technological option for the treatment of agricultural residues and livestock wastes beneficially producing renewable energy and digestate as biofertilizer. This technology also has significant potential for becoming an essential component of biorefineries for valorizing lignocellulosic biomass due to its great versatility in assimilating a wide spectrum of carbonaceous materials. The integration of anaerobic digestion and pyrolysis of its digestates for enhanced waste treatment was studied. A theoretical analysis was performed for three scenarios based on the thermal needs of the process: The treatment of swine manure (scenario 1), co-digestion with crop wastes (scenario 2), and addition of residual glycerine (scenario 3). The selected plant design basis was to produce biochar and electricity via combined heat and power units. For electricity production, the best performing scenario was scenario 3 (producing three times more electricity than scenario 1), with scenario 2 resulting in the highest production of biochar (double the biochar production and 1.7 times more electricity than scenario 1), but being highly penalized by the great thermal demand associated with digestate dewatering. Sensitivity analysis was performed using a central composite design, predominantly to evaluate the bio-oil yield and its high heating value, as well as digestate dewatering. Results demonstrated the effect of these parameters on electricity production and on the global thermal demand of the plant. The main significant factor was the solid content attained in the dewatering process, which excessively penalized the global process for values lower than 25% TS.

Research on Waste Heat Recovery in Drain Water of Barbershop

2012 ◽  
Vol 204-208 ◽  
pp. 4229-4233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fang Tian Sun ◽  
Na Wang ◽  
Yun Ze Fan ◽  
De Ying Li
Keyword(s):  
Heat Exchanger ◽  
Heat Recovery ◽  
Waste Heat Recovery ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Drain Water ◽  
Waste Heat Recovery System ◽  
Heat Utilization ◽  
Recovery System ◽  
Heat Recovery System

Drain water at 35°C was directly discharged into sewer in most of barbershop with Electric water heater. Heat utilization efficiency is lower, and energy grade match between input and output is not appropriate in most of barbershops. Two waste heat recovery systems were presented according to the heat utilization characteristics of barbershops and principle of cascade utilization of energy. One was the waste heat recovery system by water-to-water heat exchanger (WHR-HE), and the other is the waste heat recovery system by water-to-water heat exchanger and high-temperature heat pump (WHR-CHEHP). The two heat recovery systems were analyzed by the first and second Laws of thermodynamic. The analyzed results show that the energy consumption can be reduced about 75% for HR-HE, and about 98% for WHR-CHEHP. Both WHR-HE and WHR-CHEHP are with better energy-saving effect and economic benefits.

Introduction to natural gas: A comparative study of its storage, fuel costs and emissions for a harbor tug

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arun Kishore Eswara ◽  
S. C. Misra ◽  
U. S. Ramesh
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Load Profile ◽  
Emission Efficiency ◽  
Adsorbed Gas ◽  
Efficiency Parameter ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Work Done ◽  
Fuel Costs

This paper discusses the science of natural gas, its composition and ways to determine and coherently express its physical and chemical properties. Pricing of natural gas is shown with regard to weight and energy. A 60 Ton harbor tug employing either a set of constant rpm engines for CPP operation, or a set of variable rpm engines for FPP operation, with a standard load profile is made the basis for discussion. Advantage of evaluating thermal efficiency of gas engines relative to the higher heating value of natural gas, as against its lower heating value is explained. A compendium of storage options and the resulting endurance with the use of natural gas forms such as liquified gas (LNG), compressed gas (CNG) and adsorbed gas (ANG) is presented. Steps to ascertain fuel consumption of the gas engines operated according to the load profile and an approach to evaluate and relate the quantities of LNG, CNG and ANG is shown. Fuel costs and emissions from the tug operation using natural gas as fuel are evaluated per month and compared with diesel and residual fuels. Green House Gas emissions as a summation of emission constituents from the natural gas fuelled tug operation is detailed, and its need emphasized. The concepts of useful work done, emission efficiency parameter and energy efficiency parameter, which may be helpful in the design of harbor tugs and similar service vessels are proposed. The emission efficiency parameter is evaluated and analyzed for the 60 ton harbor tug.

scholarly journals Prediction of regional agro-industrial wastes characteristics by thermogravimetric analysis to obtain bioenergy using thermal process

2018 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 544-557 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandra Saffe ◽  
Anabel Fernandez ◽  
Germán Mazza ◽  
Rosa Rodriguez
Keyword(s):  
Thermogravimetric Analysis ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Application Range ◽  
High Heating Value ◽  
One Step ◽  
Standard Techniques

The use of energy from biomass is becoming more common worldwide. This energy source has several benefits that promote its acceptance; it is bio-renewable, non-toxic and biodegradable. To predict its behavior as a fuel during thermal treatment, its characterization is necessary. The experimental determination of ultimate analysis data requires special instrumentation, while proximate analysis data can be obtained easily by using common equipment but, the required time is high. In this work, a methodology is applied based on thermogravimetric analysis, curves deconvolution and empirical correlations for characterizing different regional agro-industrial wastes to determine the high heating value, the contents of moisture, volatiles matter, fixed carbon, ash, carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose. The obtained results are similar to those using standard techniques, showing the accuracy of proposed method and its wide application range. This methodology allows to determine the main parameters required for industrial operation in only in one step, saving time.

scholarly journals Pollution Scenario due to Discharge of Effluent from Agrochemicals and Pesticides Manufacturing Industries of Dombivali Industrial Belt of Mumbai, India

2013 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. 8-15
Author(s):  
P.U. Singare ◽  
S.S. Dhabarde
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Total Solid ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Summer Season ◽  
Manufacturing Industries ◽  
Toxic Heavy Metals ◽  
Physico Chemical

The paper deals with monitoring of pollution arising due to agrochemicals and pesticides manufacturing industries located along the Dombivali industrial belt of Mumbai, India. The study was carried for the period of one year from June, 2012 to May, 2013 to study the level of toxic heavy metals and the physico-chemical properties of waste water effluents discharged from the above industries. The average concentration of Cu, Ni, Cr, Pb and Zn was found to be maximum of 29.86, 0.90, 1.16 and 1.19 ppm respectively in summer season, while average Fe concentration was maximum of 51.10 ppm in winter season. The average pH value of the effluent was found to be maximum of 12.95 in summer season, while average conductivity value was maximum of 21085 µmhos/cm in rainy season. The majority of physco-chemical parameters like alkalinity, hardness, salinity, chloride, cyanide, phosphate, total solid, BOD and COD content were found to be maximum in summer season having the average values of 1918, 186, 4, 11.20, 0.07, 81, 6391, 685 and 2556 ppm respectively. The average DO content was found to be low of 4.5 ppm in winter season. It was observed that the concentration level of majority of the toxic heavy metals and physico-chemical properties were above the tolerable limit set for inland surface water. The results of present study indicates that the existing situation if mishandled can cause irreparable ecological harm in the long term well masked by short term economic prosperity due to extensive industrial growth

scholarly journals Assessment of Renewable Alternatives to Coal, Based on Their High Heating Value and Global Warming Potential

2021 ◽  
pp. 19-23
Author(s):  
V. Dhivakhar ◽  
Maju Varghese ◽  
Keerthi M. S. ◽  
S. Kaviya
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Global Warming Potential ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Thermal Power Plants ◽  
Major Contributor ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
High Heating Value ◽  
Green House Gas ◽  
High Heating

About 40% of the Global Electricity produced is fuelled by coal. Although Coal has various advantages like good High Heating Value, easy availability etc., it also has various disadvantages. Green House Gas Released from Coal Thermal Power Plants is the single major contributor to Global warming. Coal is also nonrenewable. Hence it is important to analyze the viability of potential alternatives and reduce the usage of coal. In this assessment, various potential replacements of coal have been analyzed based on their High heating value (HHV) and their Global Warming Potential. The Global warming Potential (GWP) of the assessed fuels have been calculated by the Respiratory Quotient (RQ) Factor method. Hence a direct comparison between Coal and other replacements based on their HHV and GWP has been performed.

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