scholarly journals Gandhi- A Spiritual Economist

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 31-33
Author(s):  
MUKESH K. MALVIYA
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Full Employment ◽  
Henry David Thoreau ◽  
Main Stream ◽  
Ethical Aspect ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Mahatma Gandhi ◽  
Economic Problems ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
Made In

As an economist Mahatma Gandhi was different from the main stream tradition due to his emphasis on ethical aspect to promote economic development as well as a rejection of materialism. Inspired by American writer Henry David Thoreau throughout his life Gandhi was in search to find the ways by which poverty, backwardness and other socio, economic problems could be solved. Here is an attempt made in this paper to present the economic thoughts of Mahatma Gandhi and analyze the relevance of these concepts in the present era. In this process this study analyzes the spiritual economic thoughts of Mahatma Gandhi for a post modern construction of India and examines his views on Swadeshi, decentralization of economics and self sufficient village economy as a means to attain and achieve the economic self sufficiency of the nation. Through his thoughts, actions, movement and life style he advocated that economic activities can never be justified without ethics and non-violence. The economic aim of Gandhi was Sarvodaya, self sufficient village economy, preservation of ecology and full employment which were quite different than conventional economic.

scholarly journals Reziliencia a szállodahajó-turizmusban - Resilience in cruise tourism

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 44-53
Author(s):  
Nikolett Pókó
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Golden Age ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Scientific Theories ◽  
Economic Problems ◽  
The Past ◽  
Cruise Tourism ◽  
Made In

Jelen tanulmány a korábbi évtizedek gazdasági fejlődésén és a turisztikai ágazatot érintő világméretű gazdasági problémák példáin keresztül mutatja be a rezilienciaalapú megoldásokat a szállodahajóturizmusban. A reziliencia magában foglalja a rugalmas alkalmazkodás, a találékonyság képességét, amely az elmúlt két évtizedben is erőteljesen jellemezte ezt az ágazatot. A 2020-ban megjelent pandémiát követő próbálkozásokra tekintettel, amelyekkel a hajótársaságok a csődhelyzetet igyekeztek elkerülni, a tanulmány a tudományos elméleteket figyelembe véve mutatja be a szállodahajó-turizmus lehetőségeit. Arra keresi a választ, hogy milyen lehetőséget látnak az ágazat újraindításához, milyen eszközökkel próbálják és lehet visszacsábítani az utasokat, lesz-e még olyan aranykor a szállodahajó-turizmusban, mint a pandémia előtt volt? This study presents resilience-based solutions in cruise tourism through the economic development of previous decades and examples of global economic problems affecting the tourism industry. Resilience includes the ability to adapt flexibly and the ingenuity that has strongly characterized this sector over the past two decades. The study presents the potential of cruise tourism, taking into account scientific theories and view of the post-pandemic attempts made in 2020 by cruise companies to avoid bankruptcy. It looks for whatever opportunity can help to restart the industry, the means they are trying to use and how to lure passengers back. Will there still be a “golden age” in cruise tourism as before the pandemic?

scholarly journals Post-Soviet States of Eurasia in International Economic Relations

Federalism ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 89-110
Author(s):  
G. I. Chufrin
Keyword(s):  
International Economic ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
National Development ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Economic Problems ◽  
International Economic Relations ◽  
Soviet Space ◽  
A Priority ◽  
Post Soviet Space

The present article is devoted to the analysis of participation of new post-Soviet Eurasian states in international economic relations, of current goals and strategic targets of this policy in the economic development of these states. Many, in fact the majority of them appeared to be unable after achieving political sovereignty to solve complex economic problems of national development since they had neither organizational experience in carrying out an independent and effective economic policy nor the personnel, technological and financial provisions for these goals. Therefore new independent Eurasian states had to approach foreign countries searching for adequate forms and methods of cooperation with them on these issues. In this connection the article explores the nature of interrelations between post-Soviet states with their principal foreign partners on a bilateral basis as well as in multilateral international economic organizations, of the comparative role of political and economic factors in these relations. Some of the post-Soviet states have begun their participation in the Eurasian integration project headed by Russia, others aim at solving their external political and economic problems by strengthening relations with the USA and European Union on a priority basis, still others see the way out in promoting their orientation primarily on their closest regional partners (such as China, Turkey, Iran). However, neither of these directions of external economic activities has become a dominant one on the post-Soviet space. Moreover, some of their elements may get a priority significance, neighboring others or even replacing them at various stages of development of this or that post-Soviet state. Besides, three decades after their formation the new sovereign Eurasian states having endured complex processes of national state building began to differ substantially from each other by their political systems, by levels of economic development and above all – by their strategic goals, aspirations and orientations. And in its turn this has caused serious changes in their approaches to building relations with their external partners, both in bilateral and multilateral formats. Under these conditions the most important national priority of Russia is to implement such a foreign policy at the post-Soviet space that would react timely and most flexibly at social, political and economic processes going on there and emphasizing that most important goal of such a policy is neither a political expansion or an institution of a great power hegemony but development of partnership and friendly relations with the post-Soviet states on the basis of equality and mutual benefits.

scholarly journals Self-Reliant Farming and Employment Opportunities for Migrant Workers Relating COVID-19 Post-Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Krishna Gopal Mandal
Keyword(s):  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Infectious Virus ◽  
Policy Recommendations ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Internal Migrant ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
The World ◽  
Place Of Origin ◽  
The Government ◽  
Made In

There has been an unprecedented crisis due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The human witnessed significant changes in all spheres of activities in the society. There was complete, partial or intermittent lockdown all over the world to contain this infectious virus. People confined themselves mostly at home, and about 60% of economic activities was disrupted. The growth in the economy slowed down. Millions of international and internal migrant workers returned to their place of origin and again resuming works. To return to the economic normalcy, challenges would be to cope up with problems of migrant workers, protecting their livelihoods and providing income through employment to avert destabilizing effects. There is a need for strategic approaches and effective policies to strengthen self-sufficiency and self-reliance among returnees, and the farmers with the support of the Government and other agencies. Thus, attempts have been made in this paper to make an account on the migrant workers, to elucidate the COVID-19 impacts on them, to appraise major strategies and policy recommendations to strengthen self-reliant farming, rural development and re-employment.

scholarly journals Selecting the Emulation Strategy for Ukraine: Statistical Substantiation of the Comparative Base

2017 ◽  
pp. 53-64
Author(s):  
V. V. Popova
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Qualitative Comparison ◽  
Economic Problems ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Technology Advancement ◽  
Physical Volume ◽  
National Environment ◽  
International Comparative

Ukraine has been undergoing the prolonged crisis resulting in the array of socio-economic problems. The increasing integration and globalization of production processes have resulted in the erected artificial borders between countries, dividing them into rich and poor ones. To bridge the gap in the life standards between rich countries and Ukraine, the emulation strategy should be selected. The essence of the emulation strategy is in copying the methods of economic activities in the countries that are most acceptable for Ukraine; their measures, mechanisms and instruments of influence; legal acts and economic principles, with proper adaptation to the national environment. The emulation strategy in Ukraine, as a means for addressing socio-economic problems, will be effective, once a comparative base is selected in a correct and substantiated manner. The comparison needs to be made by a set of qualitative and quantitative indicators. Bearing in mind the Ukraine’s location, demography component, historic specifics and mental attitude of its residents, the countries selected for international comparative analysis are Belarus, Poland and France. The quantitative comparison of the economic performance in Ukraine and the selected countries is made by per capita GDP in international dollars by current exchange rate and PPP; and the total index of physical volume of GDP. The qualitative comparison is made by the criteria: institutional framework for the economy operation, or type of regulation; technologies, technological patterns or the science & technology advancement; endogenous and exogenous orientation of national macrosystems; type of consumption; product of consumption: intermediary (“raw materials and semi-finished products” or “means of production”) or finished (“products and services”). The study shows that when the quality components are ignored, this will not only go contrary to the interpretation of the economic development from dialectics perspective, but also suppress the quantitative components, because economic development is a process of balanced qualitative and quantitative change. 24 types of the economic development of national macrosystems were statistically substantiated and identified over years of previous studies; the most developed ones have the type varying in the range of 20-24. It means that Ukraine, with 1 type of the economic development, needs to have it changed for 20-24.

Social Recourses of the Population under Conditions of Losing Economic Stability

2015 ◽  
pp. 86-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Avraamova ◽  
T. Maleva
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Social Policy ◽  
Social Development ◽  
Safety Margin ◽  
Economic Stability ◽  
Socio Economic Development ◽  
Development Stability ◽  
Made In

The loss of country’s socio-economic development stability puts on the agenda the problem of finding solutions contributing to the maintenance of Russian households’ welfare. The authors believe that these solutions lie in the broader area than applying various instruments of monetary support. The most effective solutions are related to the actualization of own resources of households that can act as a safety margin as well as a source of social development. The attempt to evaluate the households’ resource provision and highlight the significance of each resource enabling or creating barriers to the growth of households’ welfare is made in this article. On the basis of received conclusions social policy areas directed at preserving or enhancing the welfare are defined.

The economy of the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug: On the path from monodependence to diversification

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 662-674
Author(s):  
S.G. Serikov
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Gross Regional Product ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Economic Problems ◽  
Analysis Methods ◽  
Socio Economic Development ◽  
Regional Product ◽  
Statistical Analysis Methods

Subject. This article explores the changes in the economic development of the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug during the Soviet and post-Soviet periods. Objectives. The article aims to identify trends and features of the socio-economic development of the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug. Methods. For the study, I used the comparative, computational, constructive, and statistical analysis methods. Results. The article reveals key factors in the growth of the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug's gross regional product and the economic challenges to the region. As well, the article considers and proposes some possible options for further socio-economic development of the Okrug. Conclusions. The Okrug's current socio-economic problems are caused by not objective reasons only, but subjective factors, as well.

Entrepreneurship Problems and its remedies for Rural Villages in India

2019 ◽  
Vol 118 (3) ◽  
pp. 202-210
Author(s):  
Dileep N ◽  
Bhavani
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Main Stream ◽  
Rural Villages ◽  
Scarce Resources ◽  
Rural Livelihood ◽  
Effective Manner ◽  
Financial Growth ◽  
Marketing Methods

India’s most of the population lives in rural villages, approximately 73%  (SandeepSaxena) of the population held up with agriculture and associated works as their main stream of income resources. The Countries economic development and financial growth fundamentally depends on the rural area and their living standards of rural population. Entrepreneurship in rural areas is one of the utmost important initiate towards economic development of county and its constituencies. Rural Entrepreneurship facilitates to uses the scarce resources in most effective manner thus increasing profits and rural livelihood. Due to lack of educational knowledge gap most of the rural entrepreneurs are unaware of the innovative development techniques and modern marketing methods etc. The main problem faced by rural entrepreneurs is raw materials and financial investments. Commonly rural entrepreneurs face the strange problems like, lack of training and development programs, fear of risk, and lack of experience in business, illiteracy, limited market scope and competition from the city entrepreneurs.

ANALISIS STRATEGI KAWASAN PENGEMBANGAN EKONOMI (KPE) BAGANSIAPIAPI DI PROVINSI RIAU

2012 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Heri Apriyanto
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Adjacent Area ◽  
Surrounding Area ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Border Area ◽  
Underdeveloped Area ◽  
Strategic Location ◽  
Neighbor Country ◽  
Economic Infrastructure ◽  
Development Area

Most of Country Border Area in Indonesia are underdeveloped area with limited social and economic infrastructure. On the adjacent area, the neighbor country such as Malaysia that adjacent with Sumatera already developed growth centersand border corridors with so many economic activities and trade. The disparity among country can not be avoided, mostly in economic aspect. To develop Country Border Area as equal with neighbor country and surrounding area, it is needed policy to establish Economic Development Area (KPE) in Country BorderArea. KPE is an area consist of some districts in border area that functionally bond to develop integrated superior economic. One of KPE developed is KPE Bagansiapiapi in Riau Province that adjacent with Malaysia. It has strategic location and abundant natural resources, but limited infrastructure as a constrainon economic development. For that reason, it is needed to formulate KPE Bagansiapiapi Strategic Plan based on agropolitan-marine integrated development area (AMIDA) concept.

Abaclat and Others (Case Formerly Known as Giovanna a Beccara and Others) v. Argentine Republic

ICSID Reports ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 364-423
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Due Process ◽  
Burden Of Proof ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Foreign Investor ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Host State ◽  
Sovereign Bonds ◽  
Investment Treaty ◽  
Made In

364Jurisdiction — Investment — Contract — Whether a dispute arising out of and in relation to sovereign bonds was an investment treaty dispute rather than a mere contractual dispute — Whether forum selection clauses influenced the place where the alleged investment was deemed to have been madeJurisdiction — Investment — Sovereign bonds — Contribution — Interpretation — Whether security entitlements derived from sovereign bonds constituted obligations or public securities within the definition of investment under the BIT — Whether the investors had made contributions leading to the creation of value that the contracting parties intended to protect under the BITJurisdiction — Investment — ICSID Convention, Article 25 — Interpretation — Salini test — Contribution — Whether the Salini test was the right approach to determine whether an investment had been made — Whether protection of security entitlements derived from sovereign bonds was consistent with the spirit and aim of the ICSID Convention — Whether the ICSID Convention sets the outer limits of consent given under the BITJurisdiction — Investment — Sovereign bonds — Legality — Whether the investment was made in compliance with municipal lawJurisdiction — Investment — Sovereign bonds — Territory — Economic development — Whether the investment was made in the territory of the host State — Whether it was sufficient for the invested funds to have supported the host State’s economic development — Whether it was necessary for investments of a purely financial nature to be linked to a specific economic enterprise or operation taking place in the territory of the host StateJurisdiction — Foreign investor — Nationality — Timing — Whether the investors held the nationality of the home State — Whether natural and juridical persons met certain requirements prior to the registration of the request for arbitrationJurisdiction — Foreign investor — Mass claim — Burden of proof — Whether the investors bore the burden to prove each of them met the requirements of jurisdictionJurisdiction — Foreign investor — Sovereign bonds — ICSID Convention, Article 25 — Whether a party that has purchased security entitlements derived from sovereign bonds through layers of intermediaries may still be classified as the party having made an investmentJurisdiction — Consent — Fraud — Whether the State may invoke the investor’s allegedly fraudulent consent to challenge the validity of the agreement to arbitrate the dispute365Jurisdiction — Consent — Mass claim — Procedure — Whether specific consent was required in regard to the procedure for arbitration in the form of collective proceedings or collective mass claimsJurisdiction — Consent — Prior consultation — Domestic litigation requirement — Whether prior consultation and domestic litigation requirements in the dispute resolution clause of a BIT were relevant to whether the host State consented to arbitrationAdmissibility — Mass claim — ICSID Convention — Denial of justice — Whether the mass aspect of a dispute was admissible under the current ICSID framework — Whether to deny the admissibility of mass claims would be a denial of justiceAdmissibility — Prior consultation — Domestic litigation requirement — Whether the failure to meet the requirements of prior consultation and domestic litigation rendered the claims inadmissible — Whether municipal courts would have resolved the dispute within 18 monthsProcedure — Mass claim — ICSID Convention — ICSID Arbitration Rules — Interpretation — Whether the silence of the ICSID framework in respect of collective proceedings was to be interpreted as a gap — Whether a tribunal may adapt the ICSID Arbitration Rules to enable the group examination of claims in accordance with the object and purpose of the ICSID Convention — Whether the claims of multiple claimants were identical or sufficiently homogeneous to allow for their group examination — Whether group examination would meet standards of due processProcedure — Withdrawal — Mass claim — ICSID Institution Rule 8 — Whether certain investors had withdrawn their consent prior to registration of the request for arbitrationProcedure — Discontinuance — Mass claim — ICSID Arbitration Rule 44 — Whether the request of certain investors for discontinuance should be granted — Whether discontinuance of some investors required the termination of the arbitrationAdmissibility — Abuse of rights — Agent — ICSID Arbitration Rule 18 — Whether the ulterior interests of a third party acting as agent in the arbitration constituted an abuse of rights by the investorsProcedure — Evidence — ICSID Arbitration Rule 25 — Request for arbitration — ICSID Convention, Article 36(2) — Whether updated annexes to the request for arbitration containing information related to each investor were admissible — Whether the introduction of evidence violated the requirements of the request for arbitration by unilaterally updating the identity of the parties366 Costs — Discontinuance — Whether investors who discontinued their participation in the proceeding should bear their own legal costs and a share of the arbitration costsInterpretation — ICSID Convention — Policy — Whether policy considerations were relevant to determine whether the tribunal had jurisdiction over claims arising from sovereign bonds — Whether policy considerations were relevant to determine whether mass claims were admissible

scholarly journals The health effects of quarantine during the COVID-19 pandemic

Work ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 523-527
Author(s):  
Maryam Feiz Arefi ◽  
Amin Babaei-Pouya ◽  
Mohsen Poursadeqiyan
Keyword(s):  
Health Effects ◽  
World Health ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Social Hygiene ◽  
Social Communications ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Made In

BACKGROUND: Quarantine is considered as an effective solution in the early stages of an epidemic. In the case of the coronavirus epidemic, quarantine was also recommended and implemented as a significant guideline to prevent the disease. However, despite the benefits of quarantine, there are also complications and problems. OBJECTIVE: The present study aimed to investigate the health effects of quarantine during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: This study was conducted as a literature review through searching the databases Google Scholar, PubMed, and Science Direct for papers published before July 2020. The research was conducted based on the keywords “Coronavirus,” “COVID-19,” and “quarantine.” The references of the papers were also reviewed to find the ones not found in the databases. The guidelines published by reputable organizations such as the World Health Organization (WHO) and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) were used in this study. RESULTS: Although quarantine is applied as an important and primary solution in the outbreak of epidemics, in cases of pandemics, it may not be free of negative effects on individuals and public health. However, because of the need to reopen and restart social and economic activities, some changes should be made in lifestyles and work activities. Using cyberspace and telework can be helpful. As the findings showed, COVID-19 bubbles can be used to restore social communications. CONCLUSION: Using masks, avoiding unnecessary gatherings, complying with personal and social hygiene, and respecting social distancing can be valuable solutions that, if implemented properly, can decrease the rate of the disease significantly. It is also emphasized that quarantine is still necessary and important as the best solution for sick people and individuals who are suspected carriers of the disease.

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