scholarly journals Lessons not learned in Antibiotic Therapy

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 209-214
Author(s):  
Klepikov I
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Therapy ◽  
Lung Diseases ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Lung Damage ◽  
Critical Conditions ◽  
Practical Medicine ◽  
Acute Pneumonia ◽  
Specific Care ◽  
Scientific Ideas

The beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic has put practical medicine in critical conditions, exposing the long-overdue problem of the lack of specific care for patients with acute pneumonia (AP). It is possible to foresee in advance that the mention of such concepts as a viral pandemic and AP in one bundle will be perceived by many readers as incorrect and contrary to modern scientific ideas in the section of lung diseases. However, the paradox and one of the main reasons for this situation is precisely the distortion of scientific concepts of AP, which differ from well-known facts and do not take into account the fundamental materials of medical science. As a result, today practical medicine in patients with viral lung damage does not have effective means of providing assistance, being limited to symptomatic medications and auxiliary resuscitation methods.

Intravenous recombinant secretory leukoprotease inhibitor augments antineutrophil elastase defense

1992 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 317-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Birrer ◽  
N. G. McElvaney ◽  
A. Gillissen ◽  
R. F. Hoyt ◽  
D. C. Bloedow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Lung Diseases ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Upper Airway ◽  
Airway Epithelial ◽  
Epithelial Surface ◽  
Epithelial Lining Fluid ◽  
Lung Epithelial ◽  
Lung Lymph ◽  
Protective Screen

Secretory leukoprotease inhibitor (SLPI), a 12-kDa serine antiprotease, normally protects the upper airway epithelial surface from attack by neutrophil elastase (NE). In the context that a variety of inflammatory lung diseases are characterized by large neutrophil burdens with resultant high levels of NE in the lung, recombinant SLPI (rSLPI), a molecule identical to natural SLPI, may be an effective means to augment the anti-NE protective screen of the lung. To determine whether intravenous rSLPI will augment respiratory tract and epithelial surface levels of SLPI and anti-NE capacity, rSLPI was administered intravenously to sheep and SLPI levels were quantified in plasma, lung lymph (as a measure of lung interstitial levels), lung epithelial lining fluid (ELF), and urine. rSLPI (1 g) was administered over 10 min, and after 30 min plasma levels of SLPI were 8 microM and decreased with a half-life of 1.8 h. Lymph SLPI levels paralleled the plasma levels: 4 h after infusion the lymph-to-plasma ratio was 0.8. ELF SLPI levels paralleled the lymph levels: 4 h after infusion the ELF-to-lymph ratio was 0.3. Western analysis demonstrated intact SLPI in lymph and ELF, and functional analysis showed increases in lymph and ELF anti-NE capacity that paralleled the levels of SLPI. As might be expected from a protein with a molecular mass of 12 kDa, urine excretion was high, with 20% of the SLPI excreted over 5 h. However, if the rate of infusion was slowed, SLPI excretion decreased significantly, with a 3-h infusion associated with 9% excretion and a 12-h infusion associated with less than 0.2% excretion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

scholarly journals Effect of vitamin D3 on lung damage induced by cigarette smoke in mice

Open Medicine ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 827-832
Author(s):  
Xin Zheng ◽  
Nini Qu ◽  
Lina Wang ◽  
Guoli Wang ◽  
Rui Jiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Cigarette Smoke ◽  
Vitamin D3 ◽  
Lung Diseases ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Lung Damage ◽  
Over Expression ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
Airway Model ◽  
Morphological Assessment

AbstractCigarette smoking is known to induce serious lung diseases, but there is not an effective method to solve this problem. The present study investigated vitamin D3 on over-expression of CXCR3 and CXCL10 in mice induced by cigarette smoking. A pulmonary airway model was designed, and morphological assessment of emphysema, IL-4, IFN-γ and CXCL10 concentration in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids, expression of CXCR3 and CXCL10 were detected. Emphysema of the mice only exposed to cigarette smoke was significant, and concentration of IL-4, IFN-γ and CXCL10 was also increased. In addition, CXCR3 and CXCL10 were over-expressed. The degree of emphysema, concentration of IL-4, IFN-γ and CXCL10, and expression of CXCR3 and CXCL10 in mice administrated with low dose vitamin D3 were similar to the normally treated mice. Low dose of vitamin D3 can effectively protect the lung from the damage induced by cigarette smoke.

scholarly journals In utero gene editing for monogenic lung disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (488) ◽  
pp. eaav8375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deepthi Alapati ◽  
William J. Zacharias ◽  
Heather A. Hartman ◽  
Avery C. Rossidis ◽  
John D. Stratigis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Disease ◽  
Lung Diseases ◽  
Gene Editing ◽  
In Utero ◽  
Lung Damage ◽  
Secretory Cells ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
Alveolar Type ◽  
Diffuse Parenchymal Lung Disease ◽  
Parenchymal Lung

Monogenic lung diseases that are caused by mutations in surfactant genes of the pulmonary epithelium are marked by perinatal lethal respiratory failure or chronic diffuse parenchymal lung disease with few therapeutic options. Using a CRISPR fluorescent reporter system, we demonstrate that precisely timed in utero intra-amniotic delivery of CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing reagents during fetal development results in targeted and specific gene editing in fetal lungs. Pulmonary epithelial cells are predominantly targeted in this approach, with alveolar type 1, alveolar type 2, and airway secretory cells exhibiting high and persistent gene editing. We then used this in utero technique to evaluate a therapeutic approach to reduce the severity of the lethal interstitial lung disease observed in a mouse model of the human SFTPCI73T mutation. Embryonic expression of SftpcI73T alleles is characterized by severe diffuse parenchymal lung damage and rapid demise of mutant mice at birth. After in utero CRISPR-Cas9–mediated inactivation of the mutant SftpcI73T gene, fetuses and postnatal mice showed improved lung morphology and increased survival. These proof-of-concept studies demonstrate that in utero gene editing is a promising approach for treatment and rescue of monogenic lung diseases that are lethal at birth.

scholarly journals Arab and Muslim contributions to Medicine and Research – A Review

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 339-345
Author(s):  
Wasim Ahmad ◽  
Khaiser Rabee ◽  
Mohd Zulkifle
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Sole Source ◽  
Arabic Literature ◽  
Dark Ages ◽  
Small Pox ◽  
Principal Source ◽  
Original Works ◽  
Mobile Clinics ◽  
Scientific Ideas

The accomplishments in the development of knowledge by medieval Arab civilization have been termed by some scholars as mere translation and preservation of Greek knowledge. It is alleged that the original works of Arab were only the preservations and duplications. They had no curiosity for learning and thus their insights, intuitions and cognition were immature. And it is assumed that investigations and inquiries are the achievement of recent periods. This study intends to investigate the knowledge expansion in the perspective of research in field of medicine by the Arabs. There are many renowned scholars who had made such irresponsible comments regarding Arabian diligence. For instance E.G. Brown comments “its long recognized importance, lies not in its originality, but in the fact that in the long interval which separated the decay of Greek learning from the Renaissance, it represented the most faithful tradition of ancient wisdom, and during the dark ages was the principal source from which Europe derived such philosophical and scientific ideas as it possessed”. Thus such paradigm statement was largely propagated by the scholars who had limited access to the Arabic literature. In contrast the fact is that initial Arabian contribution in the knowledge was the golden period of Arabs. The investigation based upon the reliable classical and historical literature revealed that the Arabs emphasized on research and rational thinking as their important tools of growth and development in medicine as could be observed in Al-Razi statement “any physician who is dependent only on his experimentation and neglect literary knowledge and hypothesis then he may be a failure”. Hence, an attempt is made to explore and highlight the Arab endeavors in original medical innovations which made them the sole source of many learning scholars. They had excelled in many innovations like bed side clinics, differential diagnosis between small pox and measles, concepts of mobile clinics, pharmacy, emergency facilities, midwifery, separate pediatrics facilities and advancement in the fields of psychiatry, cardiology, ophthalmology etcBangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.16(3) 2017 p.339-345

scholarly journals Smoking and interstitial lung diseases

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (137) ◽  
pp. 428-435 ◽  
Author(s):  
George A. Margaritopoulos ◽  
Eirini Vasarmidi ◽  
Joseph Jacob ◽  
Athol U. Wells ◽  
Katerina M. Antoniou
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis ◽  
Lung Diseases ◽  
Interstitial Lung Diseases ◽  
Lung Damage ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Pulmonary Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis

For many years has been well known that smoking could cause lung damage. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and lung cancer have been the two most common smoking-related lung diseases. In the recent years, attention has also focused on the role of smoking in the development of interstitial lung diseases (ILDs). Indeed, there are three diseases, namely respiratory bronchiolitis-associated ILD, desquamative interstitial pneumonia and pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis, that are currently considered aetiologically linked to smoking and a few others which are more likely to develop in smokers. Here, we aim to focus on the most recent findings regarding the role of smoking in the pathogenesis and clinical behaviour of ILDs.

scholarly journals Clinical-pharmacological approach to etiotropic therapy of acute pneumonia

1997 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-67
Author(s):  
A. A. Wiesel
Keyword(s):  
General Practitioner ◽  
Antibiotic Therapy ◽  
Pharmacological Approach ◽  
The World ◽  
Acute Pneumonia ◽  
Antibacterial Spectrum

The purpose of the lecture is to encourage the general practitioner to act justifiably when choosing (means of treatment of pneumonia. It is necessary to abandon such a vicious scheme, when the patient is recommended to have injections of gentamicin or (!) lincomycin (antibiotics of different groups with significantly different antibacterial spectrum of action) only because they do not need to be done every 4 hours. Experience of advanced clinics of the world shows that gentamicin is used in the treatment of pneumonias not more often than 6% of cases, that tablet antibiotics are no less effective, that not all vitamin preparations can be prescribed during antibiotic therapy.

scholarly journals Study of the post tuberculosis lung diseases and the impact of various patient and disease related factors on its occurrence

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 1241
Author(s):  
Jayasri Helen Gali ◽  
Harsha Vardhana Varma ◽  
Aruna Kumari Badam
Keyword(s):  
Lung Disease ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Lung Diseases ◽  
Lung Damage ◽  
Common Symptom ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Restrictive Lung Disease ◽  
Co Morbidity ◽  
The Impact

Background: More than fifty percent of the cured cases of pulmonary tuberculosis develop some form of chronic pulmonary dysfunction. It can present with varying degrees of lung damage, ranging from minimum functional abnormalities to severe forms of dysfunction that can be an important cause of death. Objective of the study to identify the various Post Tuberculosis Lung Diseases (PTBLDs) and to study impact of the patient and disease related factors on its occurrence.Methods: Cross-sectional, observational study was conducted in 134 adult, post tuberculosis patients, aged between 18-65 years, who have completed at least one year after the end of anti-tubercular treatment. All symptomatic post TB lung disease patients coming to the pulmonology out-patient clinic at the Apollo Institute of Medical sciences and Research were included in the study.Results: Majority were more than 50 years (35.3%) and males (59.4%). Majority were from urban areas (70.7%), low social class (72.2%), and unskilled workers (56.4%). Most common symptom was cough in 74.4% cases. Majority of the cases had symptoms from one week to one month i.e. 47.4%. Only eight cases were found out to be very prompt in reporting their symptoms. 39 cases had some or the other co-morbidity. Current chest X-ray status was normal in only three cases. Mean FEV1 was 1.38 which increased to 1.52; mean FVC was 1.23 which increased to 1.58; mean FEV1/FVC was 67.37 which increased to 72.76 after giving the bronchodilator. 78(58.6%) cases had obstructive and 27(20.3%) had restrictive lung disease. In 30 cases the disease was reversible. Majority of the cases were of pulmonary fibrosis followed by bronchiectasis.Conclusion: Further studies are needed to develop approaches for the prevention, care and treatment of patients with post TBLD.

scholarly journals Comparison of antibiotic accumulation in appendix with various methods of its injection

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 268-273
Author(s):  
ID Duzhyi ◽  
VV Shymko ◽  
IA Pustovoy ◽  
HI Piatykop ◽  
VV Kuprienko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Postoperative Complications ◽  
Acute Appendicitis ◽  
Antibiotic Therapy ◽  
Intramuscular Injection ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Laboratory Culture ◽  
Growth Retardant ◽  
Antibacterial Drug

Relevance of the problem: In respect that, lack dynamic of morbidity incidence of acute appendicitis and frequency of postoperative complications, against the backdrop of increasing the number of antibiotics. The problem of prevention of purulent-inflammatory complications during its surgical treatment remains relevant. Materials and methods: The authors compared the intensity of accumulation of ceftriaxone in the appendix tissues depending on the method of injection. Results: It turned out that with the intramuscular injection of ceftriaxone in 1–2 hours before the operation, its accumulation in appendix in an amount sufficient to delay the growth of the laboratory culture of Escherichia coli is not observed. After intravenous injection of the drug, accumulation occurs slowly, significantly far behind to the lymphotropic technique. With the lymphotropic injection of ceftriaxone, 1 hour before the operation, a dose of growth retardant culture test is already fixed, and with the intjection of 2 hours before the operation – the dose of ceftriaxone practically corresponds to the maximum possible, that is, the action of a “pure” antibacterial drug. Conclusions: The method of selecting antibiotic therapy for acute appendicitis is the introduction of ceftriaxone by lymphotropic route. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.20(2) 2021 p.268-273

scholarly journals Clinical and radiological variants of lung damage in infection caused by Staphylococcus aureus

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anton S. Vinokurov ◽  
Aleksandra D. Smirnova ◽  
Olga I. Belenkaya ◽  
Andrey L. Yudin ◽  
Elena A. Yumatova
Keyword(s):  
Lung Diseases ◽  
Pleural Empyema ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lung Damage ◽  
Treatment Results ◽  
Laboratory Methods ◽  
Septic Pulmonary Embolism ◽  
High Level ◽  
Inflammatory Changes ◽  
Modern Technologies

Despite the high level of modern technologies in the field of laboratory methods and imaging of the respiratory system, the problem of early and accurate differential diagnosis of inflammatory lung diseases remains important in practical medicine. It leads to improved treatment results and a reduction in the number of complications (pleural empyema, fistulas, mediastinitis, sepsis, etc.), and in some cases allows to suspect the presence of a primary purulent source in the body, as in the case of septic pulmonary embolism. The review examines the features of S. aureus as a pathogen of lung diseases, relevant epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical features and imaging diagnostics of various types of inflammatory changes in the lungs with a focus on destruction.

scholarly journals Impaired Right and Left Ventricular Longitudinal Function in Patients with Fibrotic Interstitial Lung Diseases

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 587
Author(s):  
Agostino Buonauro ◽  
Ciro Santoro ◽  
Maurizio Galderisi ◽  
Angelo Canora ◽  
Regina Sorrentino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis ◽  
Pulmonary Fibrosis ◽  
Lung Diseases ◽  
Global Longitudinal Strain ◽  
Systolic Pressure ◽  
Interstitial Lung Diseases ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Lung Damage ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Cardiac Damage

Background: Left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) dysfunction is recognized in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Little is known about cardiac involvement in non-idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (no-IPF). This issue can be explored by advanced echocardiography. Methods: Thirty-three clinically stable and therapy-naive fibrotic IPF and 28 no-IPF patients, and 30 healthy controls were enrolled. Exclusion criteria were autoimmune systemic diseases, coronary disease, heart failure, primary cardiomyopathies, chronic obstructive lung diseases, pulmonary embolism, primary pulmonary hypertension. Lung damage was evaluated by diffusion capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCOsb). All participants underwent an echo-Doppler exam including 2D global longitudinal strain (GLS) of both ventricles and 3D echocardiographic RV ejection fraction (RVEF). Results: We observed LV diastolic dysfunction in IPF and no-IPF, and LV GLS but not LV EF reduction only in IPF. RV diastolic and RV GLS abnormalities were observed in IPF versus both controls and no-IPF. RV EF did not differ significantly between IPF and no-IPF. DLCOsb and RV GLS were associated in the pooled pulmonary fibrosis population and in the IPF subgroup (β = 0.708, p < 0.001), independently of confounders including pulmonary arterial systolic pressure. Conclusion: Our data highlight the unique diagnostic capabilities of GLS in distinguishing early cardiac damage of IPF from no-IPF patients.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document