scholarly journals The results of experimental research and testing of a machine for surface application of mineral fertilizers with inclined centrifugal scattering devices

Author(s):  
V. M. Bulgakov ◽  
O. V. Adamchuk

Annotation Purpose. Increase the productivity of solid fertilizer applicators by increasing their working width. Methods. In the process of experimental research, the basic provisions of GOST 20915-75 “Agricultural machinery. Method for determining test conditions”, GOST 28714-2007 “Machines for applying solid mineral fertilizers. Test methods”. The results were processed using the Microsoft Office Excel 2007 software environment. Results. Setting the angle of inclination of the axis of the centrifugal working body of the TON within the range of 25–30° makes it possible to have the productivity of the machine-tractor unit for applying mineral fertilizers in 1 hour of the main time at the level of 35–40 ha/hour. Conclusions 1. The most intensive growth of the working width of the machine capture (84.8%) takes place with an increase in the angle of inclination of the TON disk to the horizontal plane up to 10°. At the same time, the working width of the machine increases from 16.5 m to 30.5 m, that is, 1.85 times. The subsequent increase in the disc installation angle in the horizontal plane to 30° leads to an increase in the working width of the machine by 11.4–14%, that is, by 1.11–1.15 times. An increase in the disc installation angle in the horizontal plane from 30° to 40°, provided that fertilization is applied with an unevenness of up to ±20%, does not lead to an increase in the working width of the machine. 2. The best indicators of fertilization both in terms of the working width and the unevenness of fertilization are ensured when the angle of inclination of the TON disc to the horizontal plane is within 25–30°. Wherein: • the uneven distribution of fertilizers at the working width is 19.2%; • the uneven distribution of fertilizers in the direction of movement of the unit is 8.9%; • deviation of the fertilizer application dose from the established one is 7.5%. The obtained indicators of the quality of the application of mineral the requirements for the quality of this technological process. Keywords: mineral fertilizers, application, experimental research, testing, uniformity of distribution, width of capture, productivity.

Author(s):  
Volodymyr Bulgakov ◽  
Oleh Adamchuk ◽  
Volodymyr Kuvachov ◽  
Ihor Babyn

The use of centrifugal disk fertilizer spreaders, the axes of which are set obliquely, in the technological process of mineral fertilizers provides an increase indicators characterizing the spreading of technological material in the direction of its scattering, at a greater distance than fertilizer spreaders with vertical axis of rotation. Thus, the hypothesis of the possibility of increasing the working width of the machine for applying mineral fertilizers by equipping such machines with centrifugal disk fertilizer spreaders, the axes of which are set at an angle, is confirmed. Experimental research was conducted using the developed methods and current state standards, regression analysis, statistical methods of processing research results, standard and specially designed experimental equipment. The calculations were performed using the software environment Microsoft Office Excel 2007. As a result of experimental researches it is established that the centrifugal disk fertilizer spreaders which axis is placed inclined, reliably provides performance of technological process at change of frequency of rotation of its disk from 600 to 1000 rpm and changing the angle of installation of the disk to the horizon from 0o to 30o. For all studied kinematic modes of operation of the new working body, the effective scattering range of mineral fertilizers and the distance from it to the tray with the maximum share of the mass of sown fertilizer increase most rapidly with increasing disk angle to the horizontal plane from 0o to 10o, and least when changing the angle within 20o - 30o. The best indicators of fertilizer application both in terms of working width of capture and in terms of uneven application of fertilizers are provided at the angle of inclination of the disk of the new working body to the horizontal plane within 25o-30o.


Author(s):  
A. V. Pastukhova ◽  
I. Е. Lavrishchev ◽  
A. F. Petrov ◽  
V. Р. Tsvetkova ◽  
V. S. Maslenikova

The results of studying the influence of various biological and mineral fertilizers: Phytop 8.67, Agrofit-humate-B (BKG «AFG-B”) – on the growth and development of plants, as well as the yield and quality of kiwano fruits of the Green Dragon variety are presented. During the study, phenological and morphological observations, accounting and evaluation of the quality of the obtained fruits, analysis of the chemical composition of the fruits were carried out. The obtained data confirmed the positive effect of the use of biological preparations on the structure and quality of the resulting crop of kiwano, which will allow us to recommend this crop for cultivation in the territory of the Novosibirsk region, using experimentally proven methods and norms of fertilizer application during the growing season of plants.


2020 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 00120
Author(s):  
Abdulsamad Akhatovich Valiev ◽  
Ravil Ibragimovic Ibyatov ◽  
Svetlana Vladimirovna Novikova ◽  
Natalia Gennadievna Kiseleva

This paper is devoted to the study of the construction and application of an artificial neural network for calculating the doses of fertilizer application at the planned yield level in the conditions of grey forest soils of the Republic of Tatarstan. When using mineral fertilizers for crops, it is crucial to comply with the norms and doses of the introduced substances. An overabundance of fertilizer leads to residual accumulation in the soil. Lack of quantity of applied doses affects the quality of the crop, as well as the fertility and ecological situation of agricultural lands. High modern technology and information tools allow solving this problem.


2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (95) ◽  
pp. 3-6
Author(s):  
V.F. Kaminskyi

The article considers the main ecological aspects of the application of fertilizers. New crop cultivation technologies are based on the use of various types of fertilizers. Optimal nutrition of plant organisms, combined with rational increase in the efficiency of fertilizer application and reduction of environmental pollution by chemical products, will increase the yield and improve the quality of agricultural products. directions of optimization of nutrition, ways to achieve stabilization of the organic carbon content in the soil and its subsequent increase.


Author(s):  
Nataliya Ponomarenko ◽  
Vitalii Yaropud ◽  
Yevhen Lepet

Machines used in world practice for surface application of mineral fertilizers are often equipped with centrifugal devices with vertical or horizontal location of the axis of rotation. Having high productivity and reliability of technological process, they cannot always provide reception of a necessary dose and uniformity of scattering of fertilizers on width. In Ukraine, currently produced machines for the application of mineral fertilizers, which we have not previously produced. Since about 2/3 of all available mineral fertilizers, as well as most of the limestone and gypsum-containing materials are applied in a continuous manner, it is necessary to have a certain fleet of machines for applying fertilizers available to consumers. Fertilizer application in a continuous manner is carried out by land and aviation. One of the main agrotechnical requirements for machines for the application of bulk materials (mineral fertilizers) is their uniform distribution on the field surface. From uneven application of fertilizers, the reduction in grain yield reaches 10 ... 15%. The main disadvantages of the machine for applying mineral fertilizers are: imperfect design of the spreading mechanism, which leads to uneven scattering of fertilizers on the field surface; a large number of gears, which affects the metal content and cost of manufacture and complicates the design. Chain transmissions that drive the spreading device and the conveyor (during operation the chain is stretched, which requires the use of tension rollers, and take-off from the sprockets, especially on the drive of the spreading device); significant uneven application of fertilizers due to imperfect design of the spreading disc. The main reason for the low quality of fertilizer distribution by scattering machines, most researchers see a significant impact on the technological process of external random factors: field relief, wind speed and direction, humidity, elastic, frictional, hygroscopic and particle size distribution of fertilizers. Therefore, the improvement of the technological process of fertilizer scattering, in order to ensure a given uniformity of their distribution on the field surface in the conditions of real functioning, is an urgent scientific and practical task. In order to eliminate these shortcomings, a new spreading working body is proposed.


Author(s):  
N. Pryvedeniuk ◽  
T. Kutsyk ◽  
L. Hlushchenko

The impact of nutrition area on Thymus vulgaris L. accumulation of essential oils in dry raw materials (Thymiherba) was studied and described in the article. Four schemes of cultivation were chosen to be studied: 45×40 cm — 56 thousand plants/ha, 45×30 cm — 74 thousand plants/ha, 45×20 cm — 111 thousand plants/ ha, 45×10 cm — 222 thousand plants/ha. It was shown that the increase of nutrition area helped to increase the content of essential oils in dry raw materials. Dry thyme grass with the highest content of essential oil 21.3 ml/kg was obtained when variants with the largest plant nutrition area were applied (the schemes of cultivation 45×40 cm — 56 thousand plants/ha). Reduction of the nutrition area decreased the essential oil content. According to the scheme of cultivation 45×30 cm (74 thousand plants/ha) content decreased to 20.8 ml/kg, and for the minimal nutrition area 45×10 cm (222 thousand plants/ha) the content of essential oil was 18.5 ml/kg. It was confirmed that main part of the essential oil in the raw thyme is contained in leaves, flowers and small sprouts. At the same time the woody stems contain essential oil only in trace amounts. According to the cultivation scheme 45x10 cm (222 thousand plants/ha) the leaves contained 34.2 ml/kg of essential oil, when the stems only 2.1 ml/kg. When the area of plant nutrition was increased the quality of raw materials slightly improved — for the scheme of cultivation 45x30 cm (74 thousand plants/ha) leaves contained 35.9 ml/kg, stems — 2.1 ml/kg of essential oil. The content of essential oil in the leaves was the highest — 36.2 ml/kg while using the scheme with maximum researched plant nutrition area 45×40 cm (56 thousand plants / ha). The efficiency of four norms of basic mineral fertilizers application was investigated: N0P0K0, N60P60K60, N120P120K120 and N180P180K180. It was found that increasing the rate of fertilizer application increased the yield of dry raw thyme and the content of essential oil. The most effective rate of fertilizer application is N180P180K180, which provided a dry leaves yield of 2.48 t/ha with an essential oil content of 38.2 ml/ha.The results showed that with the increase of the number of plants per unit area, the share of leaves in the total mass of raw materials decreased from 52.3% to 45.1%, but due to a significant increase in plantation productivity, dry leaf yields increased. The highest productivity was recorded for the variant of cultivation schemes 45×10 cm with a planting density of 222 thousand plants/ha, where the yield of dried thyme leaves was 1.52 t/ha.


2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.A. Borisov ◽  
I.Yu. Vasjuchkov ◽  
A.A. Kolomiets ◽  
O.N. Uspenskaya ◽  
A.V. Kornev

Установлено, что на пойменных почвах использование методов диагностики минерального питания растений моркови «по почве» и «по черешку» в фазу начала образования корнеплодов позволяет значительно (на 36–42%) снизить расход минеральных удобрений, обеспечивая урожайность моркови на уровне 70 т/га с долей стандартной продукции 78–81% без существенного изменения качества корнеплодов.It was found that in floodplain soils, the use of methods of diagnosis of mineral nutrition of carrot plants «on the soil» and «on the petiole» in the phase of the beginning of the formation of root crops can significantly (by 36–42%) reduce the consumption of mineral fertilizers, ensuring the yield of carrots at the level of 70 t/ha with a share of standard production of 78–81% without significantly changing the quality of root crops.


2020 ◽  
pp. 26-28
Author(s):  
Н.Т. Чеботарев ◽  
Н.Н. Шергина

Пахотные угодья Республики Коми в основном представлены дерново-подзолистыми почвами с низким естественным плодородием, которые без применения удобрений быстро подвергаются деградационным процессам, что резко снижает их продуктивность. Цель исследований: оценка эффективности долговременного применения органических и минеральных удобрений при выращивании картофеля в кормовом севообороте в условиях Республики Коми. Методической основой выполнения работ были комплексные исследования дерново-подзолистых почв, клубней картофеля на участках многолетнего полевого эксперимента, заложенного на землях Института агробиотехнологий ФИЦ Коми НЦ УрО РАН в соответствии с «Методическими указаниями географической сети опытов с удобрениями». Длительный период исследований (более 40 лет) характеризовался различными климатическими условиями, которые отразились на количестве урожая и качестве клубней картофеля. Было проведено 7 ротаций (14 лет) с выращиванием картофеля. Вносили органические удобрения – торфонавозный компост (ТНК) в дозах 40 и 80 т/га (1 и 2 фон, соответственно) под картофель и минеральные удобрения – NPК в дозах 1/3; 1/2 и 1 для восполнения выноса растениями элементов питания. Установлено положительное влияние комплексного применения органических и минеральных удобрений на урожайность и качество картофеля, а также на плодородие дерново-подзолистой легкосуглинистой среднеокультуренной почвы в кормовом севообороте в почвенно-климатических условиях Республики Коми. В результате применения шестипольного севооборота и комплексного внесения удобрений с 1978 года к 2019 году в почвах снизилась обменная и гидролитическая кислотность; повысилось содержание гумуса на 0,5% (в контроле); на 0,2–0,5% (с тремя дозами минеральных удобрений); на 0,3–1,1% (с ТНК); на 0,2–1,6% (при совместном применении органических и минеральных удобрений). Наибольшие урожаи картофеля получены при совместном применении органических (80 т/га) и минеральных удобрений (1 NPК) и составили 37,1 т/га клубней (8,5 тыс/га кормовых единиц). При таком соотношении удобрений показано высокое качество клубней картофеля: содержание крахмала 15,5%, витамина С – 19,4 мг%, сырого протеина – 14,1%. Количество нитратного азота не превышало ПДК (ПДК 250 мг.с.м.). Экономические расчеты показали, что при внесении ТНК 40 т/га + 1 NPК в дерново-подзолистые почвы с.-х. использования в среднетаежной зоне Республики Коми при выращивании картофеля, условный чистый доход составит 68,4 тыс. р. с 1 га, себестоимость 1 т картофеля – 2,8 тыс. р., рентабельность 188,7%. The arable land of the Republic of Komi is mainly represented by dern-sub-ground soils with low natural fertility, which without the use of fertilizers are quickly subjected to degradation processes, which dramatically reduces their productivity. The aim of the research is to evaluate the efficiency of long-term use of organic and mineral fertilizers in the growing of potatoes in feed crop rotation in the conditions of the Komi Republic. The methodological basis for carrying out the works was comprehensive studies of dern-subhead soils, potato tubers on the sites of a multi-year field experiment laid on the lands of the Institute of Agrobiotechnology of the FRC Komi SC UB RAS in accordance with the «Methodological Instructions of the Geographical Network of Experiments with Fertilizers». A long period of research (more than 40 years) was characterized by different climatic conditions, which affected the number of crops and the quality of potato tubers. There were 7 rotations (14 years) with potato cultivation. Organic fertilizers – peat-avous compost (TNK) in doses of 40 and 80 t/ha (1 and 2 background, respectively) for potatoes and mineral fertilizers – NPK in doses of 1/3; 1/2 and 1 to replenish the carry-out of food elements by plants. The positive effect of the integrated use of organic and mineral fertilizers on the yield and quality of potatoes, as well as on the fertility of soddy-podzolic light loamy medium cultivated soil in fodder crop rotation in the soil and climatic conditions of the Komi Republic, has been established. As a result of the use of six-bed crop rotation and the integrated application of fertilizers, metabolic and hydrolytic acidity decreased in soils from 1978 to 2019; humus content increased by 0.5% (in control); 0.2–0.5% (with three doses of mineral fertilizers); 0.3–1.1% (with TNCs); 0.2–1.6% (with combined use of organic and mineral fertilizers). The largest potato yields were obtained from the combined use of organic (80 t/ha) and mineral fertilizers (1 NPK) and amounted to 37.1 t/ha tubers (8.5 thousand/ha feed units). The largest potato harvests were obtained with the combined use of organic (80 t/ha) and mineral fertilizers (1 NPK) and amounted to 37.1 t/ha of tubers (8.5 thousand/ha of feed units). With this ratio of fertilizers, the high quality of potato tubers was also determined: the starch content was 15.5%, vitamin C – 19.4 mg%, crude protein – 14.1%. The amount of nitrate nitrogen did not exceed the MPC (MPC 250 mg.s.m.). Economic calculations showed that if TNK is added 40 t/ha 1 NPK to the dern-sub-ground soils of agricultural use in the medium-sized zone of the Komi Republic when growing potatoes, the conditional net income will be 68.4 thousand rubles from 1 ha, the cost of 1 t of potatoes – 2.8 thousand rubles, profitability 188.7%.


2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.A. Borisov ◽  
A.M. Menshikh ◽  
V.S. Sosnov ◽  
G.F. Monakhos

Показано действие минеральных удобрений, микрокристаллического комплексного водорастворимого удобрения «Мастер» и органоминерального наноудобрения с ростостимулирующей активностью «Арксойл» при капельном орошении на урожайность и качество сладкого перца нового гибрида F1 Темп. Сочетание основного удобрения с листовой и корневой подкормками позволяет получить до 65 т/га плодов перца высокого качества.The action of mineral fertilizers, microcrystalline complex water soluble fertilizer Master and organic mineral nano-fertilizer with growth-stimulating activity Arksoil under drip irrigation on the productivity and quality of sweet pepper of the new hybrid F1 Temp is shown. The combination of basic fertilizer with leaf and root fertilizing allows to obtain up to 65 t/ha of pepper fruits of high quality.


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document