scholarly journals To substantiate the standard range of planning and technological solutions of farms for milk production

2020 ◽  
pp. 102-113
Author(s):  
I. V. Rieznikov ◽  
A. I. Fenenko ◽  
V. V. Tkach V. V.
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Size Range ◽  
Economic Effect ◽  
Standard Size ◽  
Technical Requirements ◽  
Rational Distribution ◽  
Outer Perimeter ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Rational Standard

Annotation Purpose. Improving the efficiency of milk production by determining the rational standard size range of design technological solutions for the premises of farms for the content of dairy livestock. Methods. Theoretical provisions for the calculation of design and technological solutions for the construction of livestock buildings, we use graphical and graphoanalytical methods. Results. The design and technological schemes were considered of cowsheds with different placement of the number technological rows and grouping of stalls, for: a two-row scheme with a central aft passage; six-row layout of stalls (with a feed table along the outer perimeter and with a feed table in the center of the barn); 8-row layout of stalls in the barn with two feed tables.The cost of building a room of sandwich panels for a size range of 128 cows per cow is 20601 UAH against 25294 UAHconstructions of brick, which is 22% less than the cost while we have an increase in air volume per cow, respectively, 77 m3 vs. 55 m3 Conclusions 1. The rational standard size range of the milk production farm was determined: premises for 128 cows have 4 rows of 2 stall groups of 16 cows each; premises for 256 cows has 4 rows with 4 stall groups of 16 cows or 8 rows with 2 stall groups of 16 cows; premises for 384 cows has 8 rows with 3 stall groups of 16 cows each or 8 rows with 4 stall groups of 12 cows each; keeping 512 cows the premises has 8 rows of 4 stall groups of 16 cows. In accordance with technical and economic indicators, the most effective content is 386 (400) cows. 2. The economic effect is ensured by rational distribution of the size range of the stalls, their number, and the aisle size in accordance with the zoo-technical requirements for maintaining a highly productive livestock of cows for milk production farms and is 8–16% of the cost of construction and its subsequent maintenance, as a result, the area of the premises decreases for keeping cows and, accordingly, the amount of building materials. Keywords: stall, feed table, barn, stall section, feeding front, type-size range.

scholarly journals ASFALTO MIŠINIŲ AC 11 VS IR SMA 11 S SU SKIRTINGOMIS MINERALINĖMIS MEDŽIAGOMIS EKONOMINIO EFEKTO ANALIZĖ IR VERTINIMAS / ANALYSIS AND EVALUATION OF THE ECONOMIC EFFECT OF ASPHALT MIXTURES AC 11 VS AND SMA 11 S WITH DIFFERENT GRADED AGGREGATES

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (0) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Lina Šneideraitienė ◽  
Daiva Žilionienė
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Economic Effect ◽  
Asphalt Mixture ◽  
Asphalt Mixtures ◽  
Class I ◽  
Modified Bitumen ◽  
Asphalt Mixes ◽  
Normative Documents ◽  
Road Pavement ◽  
The Cost

The European building sector is facing a pressing issue of natural resources. Importing road building materials for the asphalt surfacing increases the cost of the asphalt mixture. The asphalt surfacing mixtures shall consist of a mixture of graded aggregates accounting for 80−90% of the total volume of the asphalt mixture, or 90−96% of the total weight of the asphalt mixture and binder: road bitumen or polymer modified bitumen. In the Republic of Lithuania, asphalt mixes are designed in accordance to the Design Regulations for Road Pavement Standardized Pavement Structures KP SDK 19 and accordance to the normative documents and their requirements for graded aggregates and binders. Road builders import graded aggregates to asphalt mixes from other countries, and this increases the cost of asphalt mixes. According to the scientific researches in the Lithuanian quarry Petrašiūnai II, using unique production technology is produced class I dolomite crushed stone, which mechanical, physical properties and designed asphalt mixtures can replace imported graded aggregates. The economic question remains as to the economic effect of the most commonly used asphalt mixtures in Lithuania AC 11 VS (asphalt mixture of asphalt pavement wearing course) and SMA 11 S (crushed and mastic asphalt) made from indigenous minerals compared to imported minerals. The aim of the paper is to perform the calculation and evaluation of the economic effect of asphalt mixtures AC 11 VS, SMA 11 S with different minerals and micro-aggregate. The paper identifies and analyses the properties of asphalt test mixtures, and identifies the locations of mineral suppliers in Lithuania. According to the economic impact assessment scheme, the economic effect of asphalt mixtures AC 11 VS, SMA 11 S with different minerals and micro-aggregate was calculated. According to the calculations made, the economic effect of producing asphalt mixtures AC 11 VS, SMA 11 S with class I dolomite chips is 13−14%.

scholarly journals HYDRAULIC EXCAVATORS AND CRANES WITH MODULAR DRIVE MECHANISMS

2020 ◽  
pp. 95-100
Author(s):  
V. Uvarov ◽  
B. Kaytukov ◽  
V. Skel
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Approach ◽  
Size Range ◽  
Operating Costs ◽  
Standard Size ◽  
Hydraulic Excavators ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Design And Production

The problem of limiting the standard-size range of drive mechanisms for hydraulic excavators and self-propelled jib cranes with a wide unification of their elements is considered. This approach allows to increase the serialization of products to reduce costs in the design and production, increases the durability of machines and reduces the time of development of new equipment.The analysis of the production of domestic excavators and cranes is carried out. It is presented in a tabular version and a sequence of logical steps to provide a systematic approach to the development of rational designs of hydraulic excavators and cranes. The analysis showed that it is advisable to carry out unification on the modular principle of the formation of some units and, first of all, of slewing mechanisms of these machines. The technique of unification of turning mechanisms and winches of excavators and cranes based on unified planetary hydromechanical block modules is proposed. Creating hydraulic excavators and cranes with unified planetary hydromechanical mechanisms allows you to reduce operating costs and improve the quality of drive mechanisms for excavators and cranes, reducing the cost and complexity of manufacturing. Unification on a modular principle and the subsequent cooperation of parts, assemblies and units allows expanding opportunities to increase production volumes, provides interspecific unification of their basic elements.

scholarly journals DEVELOPMENT OF METHODOLOGY FOR TRANSPORTATION FLEET STRUCTURE FORMATION

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iryna Lebid ◽  
Tetyana Anufriyeva ◽  
Luzhanska Nataliia
Keyword(s):  
Structure Formation ◽  
Carrying Capacity ◽  
Size Range ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Lower Intensity ◽  
Standard Size ◽  
Compliance Coefficient ◽  
Vehicle Fleet ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Cost Of Transportation

The paper proposes a methodology for transportation fleet structure formation based on the determination of the standard size fleet by carrying capacity using the criterion of the cost of transportation of 1 ton of cargo, which will be expedient if the number of shipments per day exceeds three times the estimated number of the model range of cars. At a lower intensity of daily shipments, it is necessary to form a standard size range of a vehicle fleet on the basis of a repetition of independent tests. The paper proposes a method of forming the structure of the fleet of vehicles based on determining the size of the fleet using the criterion of the cost of transportation of 1 ton of cargo, which is appropriate if the number of shipments per day exceeds three times the estimated number of cars. With a lower intensity of daily shipments, it is necessary to form a standard size range of the fleet on the basis of repeating independent tests.It has been established that the value of the coefficient of static use of the vehicle's carrying capacity is influenced by the number of intervals for dividing the series of carrying capacity, their length and uniformity, as well as the distribution law of the random value of the item. Violation of the uniformity of the intervals of the series of the carrying capacity of the car, the value of the coefficient can deviate from the average to 6.2% An increase in the number of intervals in a number of carrying capacities of vehicles from 2 to 3 contributes to a rapid increase in the coordination of the density of distribution of the batch volume and shipment to the structure of the vehicle fleet in terms of carrying capacity and is characterized by an increase in the coefficient of compliance on average from 0.65 to 0.75. An increase in the range of carrying capacity up to interval 5 increases the value of the compliance coefficient to 0.8, a further increase in the intervals causes an inversely proportional increase in the compliance coefficient. An increase in the number of car models from 1 to 3 causes a decrease in the cost of transportation in the range of 8% - 11.3%, depending on the degree of use of the vehicle fleet. Further expansion of the model range to 7 units practically does not affect the cost of transportation, and then its growth is observed due to an increase in the duration of downtime while waiting for the proper consignment. It was revealed that an increase in the average weight of a shipment by 2.3 times causes a decrease in the cost of transportation 1.79 times, and with this decrease in the weight of a shipment, an increase in the intensity of growth in the cost of transportation is observed.

Development of a standard-size range of part-turn electric drives

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 405-411
Author(s):  
Dmitry A. Dvornikov ◽  
◽  
Vladimir I. Voronov ◽  
Ilya А. Flegentov ◽  
Radik М. Giniyatov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Size Range ◽  
Electronic Control Unit ◽  
Control Unit ◽  
Petroleum Products ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Electronic Control ◽  
Standard Size ◽  
Electric Drives ◽  
Technical Requirements ◽  
Products Pipeline

Specialists of NII Transneft LLC and TOMZEL JSC were tasked with developing a standard-size range of partturn electric drives with an electronic control unit for ball shutoff valves in order to arrange the Russian production of this type of equipment. When determining the requirements for the developed valves, the features of the operation of foreign-made part-turn electric drives were taken into account. New developments had to meet general technical requirements, safety and ergonomics requirements for electric drives operated in oil and petroleum products pipeline transport facilities. When elaborating technical solutions, an analysis of thematic publications, international and Russian regulatory documents, technical characteristics of domestic and imported drives, existing solutions for the layout of electric drives with electronic control units has been accomplished. As part of the R&D work, optimal design solutions have been found taking into account the actual operating conditions of the equipment, design documentation has been developed for the standard-size range of part-turn electric drives, prototypes have been manufactured, and their preliminary and acceptance tests have been accomplished successfully.

ECONOMIC PERSPECTIVES OF BIOTECHNOLOGIES USING IN ANIMAL FARMING

1970 ◽  
pp. 57-60
Author(s):  
I. F. Gorlov ◽  
A. A. Mosolov ◽  
G. V. Komlatskiy ◽  
M. A. Nesterenko ◽  
K. D. Nimbona ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Embryo Transfer ◽  
Economic Effect ◽  
Dairy Herd ◽  
State Level ◽  
Modern Level ◽  
Economic Perspectives ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Short Time

The article presents materials on the study of the possibility of reproduction and increase in the herd of highly productive cows through the use of embryo transplantation technology. The classical (in vivo) and more modern, developing (in vitro) methods of embryotransfer, their positive and negative sides are considered in detail. The possibility of accelerating the breeding process by using the method of transplantation, in which from one cow can be obtained from 10 to 100 calves, which will allow for 4-5 years, almost any herd (of any size and breed) with the help of biotechnology to turn into a cattle-breeding enterprise of the most modern level. At the same time, heifers obtained from unproductive cows can be used as "surrogate" mothers who are transplanted with the best donor embryos, which allows to obtain a full-fledged offspring adapted to local environmental conditions. A detailed scheme of obtaining, evaluation, storage, as well as the cost and economic effect of embryo transplantation was calculated, the market was evaluated, the required annual volume of transplants and the number of donor cows for large livestock farms were determined. As a positive example of "Scientific-production enterprise "Centre of biotechnology and embryo transfer" in 2014, implemented a project for accelerated replacement and genetic improvement of the dairy herd, engraftment averaged 57-69%, and the economic effect of the enterprise from getting a single animal by the method of embryo transfer, compared with imports of similar close in quality, ranged from 60 to 100 thousand rubles on his head. It is shown that it is necessary to organize at the state level a developed service for embryo transplantation to reduce the cost of embryo transfer and the possibility of creating in a short time in the country's own highly productive breeding nucleus of dairy and beef cattle, which will reduce, and in the future completely eliminate, import dependence on cattle products.

Probiotics in the diets of laying quails

2020 ◽  
pp. 60-66
Author(s):  
O. Merzlyakova ◽  
V. Rogachyev ◽  
V. Chegodaev
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Bacillus Licheniformis ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Economic Effect ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
The Cost

The efficiency of introducing probiotics based on strains of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis and their consortium in the amount of 150 g/t of feed into the diets of laying quails has been studied. The experiment lasting 182 days has been carried out on four groups of quails with 30 heads in each. The quails have been housed in the broiler battery in compliance with the required microclimate conditions. Quails of all groups have been received the main diet (compound feed) developed taking into account their age and physiological characteristics. The quails of the 1st, 2nd and 3rd experimental groups in addition to the main diet received probiotics (150 g/t compound feed) based on strains Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis and their consortium, respectively. It has been found that feeding the laying quails of the consortium of strains Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus licheniformis had the most significant positive impact on their productive performance, it allowed to increase egg production by 7,81 %, egg laying intensity by 5,0 %, egg mass yield by 9,77 %, while reducing feed expenditures for 10 eggs by 13,35 %. The yield of hatching eggs has been increased by 7,03 %, hatchability of chickens from laid and fertilized eggs by 8,33 and 8,35 %, brooding waste decreased by 21,74 %. Hematological parameters of quails during the whole experiment were within the physiological norm. The economic effect calculated on the basis of data on the cost of compound feed, probiotics and the cost of sold eggs of quail laying was 14,56 % in the 3rd experimental group (in relation to the control group).

scholarly journals Effects of Increase in the Cost of Building Materials on the Delivery of Affordable Housing in South Africa

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1772
Author(s):  
Bimpe Alabi ◽  
Julius Fapohunda
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Affordable Housing ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Statistical Technique ◽  
Project Managers ◽  
Maintenance Cost ◽  
Cost Increase ◽  
Sequential Mixed Methods ◽  
Adequate Provision ◽  
The Cost

Adequate provision of affordable human settlements is a huge challenge in South Africa since its independence. This paper investigates the effects of the cost increase of building materials on affordable housing delivery in South Africa. With potential solutions for cost minimisation of building materials, with the aim of achieving affordable housing delivery in South Africa are provided. This study uses a sequential mixed methods approach, wherein surveys were conducted among the construction professionals (project managers, site managers architects, site engineers, quantity surveyors, contractors, building materials suppliers, and government workers) in the construction industry within Cape Town, South Africa, who were considered as the research participants. The qualitative data obtained from the survey exercise were analysed using content analysis, while the quantitative data were analysed using a descriptive statistical technique on SPSS. The findings attained show fluctuation in construction cost and a rise in maintenance cost (caused by poor workmanship) as significant effects in the cost increase of building materials for affordable housing delivery. Adequate application of the recommendations given in this study will minimise the effects of high cost of building materials and enhance affordable housing delivery. Appropriate handling of the findings given in this study will reduce the effects of the high cost of building materials and augment timely delivery of affordable housing and stakeholders’ satisfaction.

scholarly journals Problem Faced by Precast Industry to Implement in Residential Construction

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 2394-2396
Keyword(s):  
Residential Construction ◽  
Joint Stability ◽  
Standard Size ◽  
Research Survey ◽  
Technical Issues ◽  
Storage Area ◽  
Standard Rate ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Cost Of Construction

The Precast industry is booming industry now a day, but then also the implementation ratio of precast member in residential construction work is not up to the mark. As we all know that precast having numerous advantages over the cast in situ construction method, for example it saves the total time of construction which indirectly reduces the cost of construction but still we are lagging behind in implementation of precast in it. In this research we have listed out some problem which can be cause of less implementation of precast in residential construction buildings. As discussed in paper, there are so many factors are affected on Implementation of Precast in Residential Construction Sector For example: Technical Issues and General Issues. In Technical Issues Joint stability problem during Erection, Standard size of precast element, Leakage Issues, Design change related problem, Requirement of Standard Rate per Panel, End user Profit, Additional Taxes, General Issues are: Transportation of Precast Element, Loading and Unloading problems, Transportation to sight, Storage Area, Skilled Labour Research has done and data is collected through Questionery survey, Field survey, and research survey.

scholarly journals 110 Managing Feed Efficiency to Improve Dairy Farm Margin

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 20-20
Author(s):  
Micheal J Brouk
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Production Cost ◽  
Dairy Farm ◽  
Animal Reproduction ◽  
High Feed ◽  
Efficiency Factors ◽  
Feed Costs ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Made In

Abstract Dairy farm margin has continued to be a challenge for the dairy industry. Several years of challenging milk prices with limited relief from high feed costs and increasing production cost have continued to erode the net margin of US dairy farms. As dairy producers continue to operate in a challenging economic environment, discoveries are being made in various farm efficiencies to improve farm margin. Increased management intensity on all aspects of the dairy farm is resulting in the discover of and improvement of many individual efficiency factors. Key areas of economic efficiency include feed, animal reproduction, replacement animals, labor and resource allocation. Often the answer to improved efficiency involves more than just reduced production cost, but also in the improvement of production to reduce the cost per unit of milk produced. Identifying and focusing on the important factors that can improve overall farm efficiency will enable producers to weather the economic challenges. For dairy producers, one of the complications is the biology of the dairy cow and understanding how to utilize the biology correctly for improved efficiency of milk production. Improved efficiency of milk production requires attention to details in many areas of the dairy. Identifying the correct areas of deficiencies, establishing corrective plans of action and then careful evaluation of the impact of changes are all key to the overall success of improving dairy farm margins and efficiencies.

scholarly journals USE OF ZEOLITE IS ACTIVATED AS SUBSTITUTION OF CEMENT FOR PRICE AND COST

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Nurfiki Alwi ◽  
Arif Rahman Setiaji ◽  
Abdurrohim Kurnia Agung ◽  
Abdul Halim
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Hypothesis Testing ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Light Weight ◽  
Residential Community ◽  
High Production ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Cement Compounds

The number of economic needs is one of the fundamental aspects to support the survival of every individual in an area.  If seen in general, the cost of building the building and residential community still use building materials and installation costs are relatively higher.  With the advancement of technology has found a lightweight brick that has better strength, lighter, faster installation and environmentally friendly, so many people began to switch to using lightweight bricks.  For now the price of lightweight brick is still expensive, but this deficiency is covered with the speed of mounting and light weight so overall lightweight brick usage on certain patterns is very profitable.  The use of cement on lightweight bricks leads to high production costs.  With the above problems we have a breakthrough to replace the cement by using zeozolites containing silica compounds that resemble one of the cement compounds.  In this research, cement replacement with Zeolite is 20%, 40% and 60%.  Before use Zeolite was first activated using Fly Ash ratio of 65% Zeolite: 35% Fly Ash and 50% Zeolite: 50% Fly Ash, also activated using Ca (OH) 2 ratio 65% Zeolite: 35% Ca (OH) 2  And 50% Zeolite: 50% Ca (OH) 2.  Thus, there are 15 compositions including the control composition, each composition will be made up of 10 specimens.  Hypothesis testing using two way anova, tested is the effect of cement change treatment with Zeolite and comparison of Zeolite composition with Fly Ash and Ca (OH) 2 to compressive strength, absorption and cost. Keywords: Zeolite, Cement, compressive strength, Cost

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