[The Relationship Between Students’ Understanding of IR 4.0 with The Use of ICT in Learning] Hubungan antara Kefahaman Pelajar Tentang IR 4.0 Dengan Penggunaan ICT Dalam Pembelajaran

The availability of communication and information technology (ICT) facilities have played an important role in making the learning and programming process (PdPc) successful in the 21st century. ICT has become a great medium for facilitating information sharing and discovery, especially in the education world. However, our country concerns about teachers' readiness to accept reforms in education. In addition, the level of ICT in teachers is still low and poor internet access is hindering the use of ICT among teachers, especially teachers who teach in rural schools. Therefore, this study aims to look at the relationship of ICT usage among students in the state of Terengganu with the advent of the industrial revolution 4.0. This study is a quantitative study by descriptive review and inference. The questionnaire was used as a research instrument to collect data and a total of 102 regular daily SMK students in Terengganu were selected as the study sample. The data of this study were analysed by descriptive and inferential analysis involving percentage, frequency, mean score, “Independent Samples T-Test” and correlation. The findings of this study indicate that there is no significant difference in the level of understanding of IR 4.0 based on gender and school location factors. The study also found that there was no significant difference in the use of ICT as a medium of learning based on school location. However, there is a significant correlation between the understandings of IR 4.0 on the use of ICT in learning. Therefore, it can be concluded that students in Terengganu state ICT as a means of gaining and sharing knowledge as well as the medium of learning today. The results of this study are expected to provide important information to the Ministry of Education Malaysia (KPM) in enhancing ICT integration in the PdPc process in schools. Kewujudan kemudahan teknologi komunikasi dan maklumat (ICT) berperanan penting dalam menjayakan proses pembelajaran dan pemudahcaraan (PdPc) pada abad ke-21. ICT telah menjadi medium perantara yang baik dalam memaksiumkan perkongsian dan pencarian informasi khususnya dalam dunia pendidikan. Namun, Negara kita menghadapi masalah mengenai kesediaan guru untuk menerima pembaharuan dalam pendidikan. Selain itu juga, tahap pengusaan ICT dalam kalangan guru-guru masih rendah dan capaian internet yang lemah menjadi kekangan penggunaan ICT dalam kalangan guru, terutamanya guru yang mengajar di sekolah luar Bandar. Justeru, kajian ini bertujuan untuk melihat hubungan penggunaan ICT dalam kalangan pelajar di negeri Terengganu seiring dengan kemunculan revolusi industri 4.0. Kajian ini merupakan kajian kuantitatif secara tinjauan deskriptif dan inferensi. Soal selidik digunakan sebagai instrumen kajian untuk mengumpulkan data dan seramai 102 orang pelajar SMK harian biasa di Terengganu dipilih sebagai sampel kajian. Data kajian ini dianalisis secara analisis deskriptif dan analisis inferensi yang melibatkan peratusan, kekerapan, skor min, “Independent Samples T-Test” dan korelasi. Dapatan kajian ini menunjukkan bahawa tidak terdapat perbezaan yang signifikan tahap kefahaman IR 4.0 berdasarkan faktor jantina dan lokasi sekolah. Kajian juga mendapati tidak terdapat perbezaan yang signifikan penggunaan ICT sebagai medium pembelajaran berdasarkan lokasi sekolah. Walau bagaimanapun, terdapat perkaitan yang signifikan antara kefahaman tentang IR 4.0 terhadap penggunaan ICT dalam pembelajaran. Justeru, dapat disimpulkan bahawa pelajar-pelajar di negeri Terengganu menjadikan ICT sebagai wadah menimba dan berkongsi ilmu pengetahuan serta menjadi medium pembelajaran masa kini. Hasil kajian ini diharapkan dapat memberi maklumat penting kepada Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia (KPM) dalam usaha meningkatkan pengintergrasian ICT dalam proses PdPc di sekolah-sekolah.

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ANALISIS KEBERKESANAN PENGGUNAAN ICT DALAM MENDEPANI GELOMBANG REVOLUSI INDUSTRI 4.0 DALAM KALANGAN PELAJAR DI NEGERI TERENGGANU, MALAYSIA

Asian People Journal (APJ) ◽

10.37231/apj.2020.3.1.149 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 101-109

Author(s):

Noradilah binti Abdul Wahab ◽

Najmi Muhammad ◽

Mohd. Sani Ismail

Keyword(s):

Teaching And Learning ◽

Industrial Revolution ◽

Study Data ◽

Survey Method ◽

Ministry Of Education ◽

Information Communication ◽

Location Factors ◽

School Location ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Communication And Technology

Abstract: The emergence of the industrial revolution 4.0 has led to the development of information, communication and technology (ICT) which predicts that 50 billion electronic devices interact with each other. Therefore, this study aims to look at the effectiveness of ICT use among students in the state of Terengganu in conjunction with the advent of the industrial revolution 4.0. This article is a quantitative study using the survey method. The questionnaire is used to collect the required data and information. A total of 102 regular daily SMK students in Terengganu was involved in this study. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 21 using descriptive and inferential analysis methods. The findings of this study indicate that there is no significant difference in the level of understanding of IR 4.0 based on gender and school location factors. The study also found that there was no significant difference in the use of ICT as a medium of learning based on school location. However, there is a significant correlation between the understanding of IR 4.0 on the use of ICT in learning. Therefore, it can be concluded that students in Terengganu state ICT as a means of gaining and sharing knowledge as well as the medium of learning today. The results of this study are expected to provide important information to the Ministry of Education Malaysia (KPM) in enhancing the integration of Information Communication and Technology (ICT) in the teaching and learning process (PdPc) in schools. Keywords: Industrial Revolution 4.0, Learning, Information Communication and Technology (ICT), Student Abstrak: Kemunculan revolusi perindustrian 4.0 telah membawa perkembangan dalam Information Communication and Technology (ICT) yang meramalkan sebanyak 50 bilion peranti elektronik saling berinteraksi. Justeru, kajian ini bertujuan untuk melihat keberkesanan penggunaan ICT dalam kalangan pelajar di negeri Terengganu seiring dengan kemunculan Revolusi Industri 4.0 (IR 4.0). Artikel ini merupakan kajian kuantitatif dengan menggunakan kaedah tinjauan. Soal selidik digunakan bagi mengumpul data dan maklumat yang diperlukan. Seramai 102 orang pelajar SMK harian biasa di Terengganu terlibat dalam kajian ini. Data dianalisis menggunakan SPSS versi 21 dengan menggunakan kaedah analisis deskriptif dan analisis inferensi. Dapatan kajian ini menunjukkan bahawa tidak terdapat perbezaan yang signifikan terhadap tahap kefahaman IR 4.0 berdasarkan faktor jantina dan lokasi sekolah. Kajian juga mendapati tidak terdapat perbezaan yang signifikan terhadap penggunaan ICT sebagai medium pembelajaran berdasarkan lokasi sekolah. Walau bagaimanapun, terdapat perkaitan yang signifikan antara kefahaman tentang IR 4.0 terhadap penggunaan ICT dalam pembelajaran. Justeru, dapat disimpulkan bahawa pelajar di negeri Terengganu menjadikan ICT sebagai wadah menimba dan berkongsi ilmu pengetahuan serta menjadi medium pembelajaran masa kini. Hasil kajian ini diharapkan dapat memberi maklumat penting kepada Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia (KPM) dalam usaha meningkatkan pengintegrasian Information Communication and Technology (ICT) dalam proses pembelajaran dan pemudahcaraan (PdPc) di sekolah-sekolah. Kata kunci: Revolusi Industri 4.0, Pembelajaran, Teknologi Komunikasi dan Maklumat (ICT), Pelajar

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Determinant Factors of Student's Perception Toward Educational Loan Repayment

The Journal of Muamalat and Islamic Finance Research ◽

10.33102/jmifr.v15i1.102 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

pp. 73-83

Author(s):

Siti Zulaika Zolkeplee ◽

Abu Bakar Hamed ◽

Ahamad Faosiy Ogunbado

Keyword(s):

Parental Influence ◽

Student Loan ◽

Influential Factors ◽

Ministry Of Education ◽

Loan Repayment ◽

Education Fund ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship ◽

Universiti Utara Malaysia ◽

Survey Approach

The issue of unpayable educational loan that lead to student’s defaults has become a worrying trend all over the world. This research aims to examine the relationship of anxiety, parental influence, media awareness, and religiosity on student’s perception on educational loan repayment. A survey approach has been adopted to investigate student’s perception on educational loan repayment in Universiti Utara Malaysia. The data for this study were collected via structured questionnaires which were completed by 359 undergraduate Muslim’s students who acquire their financial loan from National Higher Education Fund Corporation (NHEFC). The data were then quantitatively analyzed using SPSS program. The findings of Pearson’s correlation showed a positive correlation between student’s perception towards educational loan repayment and religiosity, parental influence, media awareness, and anxiety. Further analysis using a multiple regression indicated that all independent variables explained 32.9 per cent of student’s perception on educational loan repayment. The result again indicated that religiosity and parent’s influence are most influential factors on student’s perception towards educational loan repayment. Whilst, media awareness slightly contributed to student’s perception towards educational loan repayment and anxiety gave no impact. The result implied that the Ministry of Education may design the syllabus in school and university curricular by adding the value of responsibility in loan repayment especially in religious and moral subjects. Besides, the Ministry Education of Malaysia are also urged to use media to disseminate the information regarding the importance for students to make loan repayment to parents as well as students. The collection of student loan then can be used for the next generation in financing their study which could result the prosperity of nation.

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MUC1 and MUC5AC Acting on Helicobacter pylori-Related Deficiency and Solid Syndrome of Spleen and Stomach

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1155/2018/9761919 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Ling Hu ◽

Wanqun Chen ◽

Ming Cheng ◽

Ting Zhang ◽

Shaoyang Lan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Helicobacter Pylori ◽

Dynamic Equilibrium ◽

Deficiency Syndrome ◽

Blue Staining ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Tai Ji ◽

Hematoxylin And Eosin ◽

Relationship Of ◽

Heat Syndrome ◽

The Relationship

To investigate the relationship of MUC1, MUC5AC, and the syndrome of spleen and stomach, 109 subjects (34 peptic ulcer (PU), 62 chronic gastritis (CG), and 13 healthy volunteers (CON)) were included. All the subjects included were surveyed with questionnaire to classify them into damp-heat syndrome of spleen and stomach (DHSS), spleen-qi deficiency syndrome (SQD), and CON, examined by gastric endoscope, and biopsied. Rapid urease and methylene blue staining (MBS) were performed on every subject to diagnose for Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection, and both were defined as Hp-positive. Hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining was performed on every specimen to explore the histomorphology, inflammatory degree, and inflammatory activity of different groups; then Elivision™ plus kit was used to test the expression of MUC1 and MUC5AC. All the results of digital images were reviewed by two experts blindly. The inflammatory degree with Hp infection was higher than those uninfected or CON, but no significant difference was found between DHSS and SQD. And the expressions of MUC5AC with positive Hp was higher than those with negative Hp or CON regardless of the deficiency and solid syndrome of spleen-stomach but not for MUC1. We speculate that the deficiency and solid syndrome of spleen-stomach is a condition like Tai Ji symbol of dynamic equilibrium, showing the higher expression of MUC5AC but no change of MUC1 in the circumstance of Hp infection.

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Some Difficulties of Learning to Program

Journal of Educational Computing Research ◽

10.2190/3lfx-9rrf-67t8-uvk9 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 57-73 ◽

Cited By ~ 189

Author(s):

Benedict Du Boulay

Keyword(s):

General Level ◽

Specific Level ◽

Main Emphasis ◽

Level Of Understanding ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship

This article is a brief introduction to some of the issues that teachers of programming may find helpful. It starts by presenting a fairly idiosyncratic view of teaching programming which makes use of mechanistic analogies and points out some of the pitfalls. The article goes on to examine certain errors based on the misapplication of analogies as well as certain interaction errors. The main emphasis is on the notional machine both at the general level of understanding (and misunderstanding) the relationship of the terminal to the computer as such, as well as at the more specific level of understanding assignment. Notation and mistakes that poorly-designed languages can induce novices to commit are discussed.

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A Comparative Analysis of Profit Rate on Deposit in Islamic Banks in Bangladesh

IIUC Studies ◽

10.3329/iiucs.v10i0.27428 ◽

2016 ◽

pp. 81-98

Author(s):

Mohammad Rokibul Kabir ◽

Abdul Hamid Chowdhury

Keyword(s):

Research Data ◽

T Test ◽

Islamic Banks ◽

Profit Rate ◽

Secondary Sources ◽

Islamic Bank ◽

Savings Accounts ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Rate Of Profit ◽

The Relationship

The study is based on a total number of seven full-fledged listed Islamic Banks operating in Bangladesh. Secondary sources of data are used in this research. Data were collected from the Website of Bangladesh Bank and studying relevant literatures. This paper examines whether there is any differences of profit rate on deposits among different Islamic Banks. It also aims at finding whether there is any relationship between inflation and profit rate on deposits. Analyses have been done for two types of deposits accounts called Mudaraba Term Deposits Account and Mudaraba Savings Account. The results of the study reveal that, in case of Term Deposits the highest mean return is 11.06458% as offered by the First Security Islamic Bank Ltd. and the lowest mean return of 8.687500% is offered by Export Import Bank of Bangladesh Ltd. while in case of Mudaraba Savings Deposits the highest mean return of 6.583333% is offered by the First Security Islamic Bank Ltd. and the lowest mean return of 4.330417% is offered by Al Arafah Islami Bank Ltd. during the studied period. One sample t-test has been applied to find whether there is any significant difference in profit rate in different months and the study unfolds that the profit rate differs significantly in all the banks from month to month. The findings of Paired Sample t-test suggests that there is a significant difference in mean return between the Islamic banks in both of the Mudaraba Term Deposits and Mudaraba Savings Accounts in all the cases except for two pairs as the return on savings deposit does not significantly differ between Al Arafah Islami Bank Ltd. and Social Islami Bank Limited while it does not differ significantly between Social Islami Bank Limited and Islami Bank Bangladesh Ltd. in case of Mudaraba Term Deposits. Finally, the relationship between inflation and rate of profit is found insignificant in case of Mudaraba Saving Deposits while significant relationship has been discovered between Mudaraba Term Deposits and rate of inflation.IIUC Studies Vol.10 & 11 December 2014: 81-98

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Hubungan Self Efficasy dan Motivasi dengan Pemahaman Konsep IPA Terpadu Siswa Kelas VIII SMP Pertiwi 2 Padang

Jurnal Ilmiah Universitas Batanghari Jambi ◽

10.33087/jiubj.v18i3.492 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 18 (3) ◽

pp. 595

Author(s):

Reni Nastuti ◽

Lelfita Lelfita ◽

Elbasthoh Elbasthoh

Keyword(s):

High School ◽

High School Students ◽

Junior High School ◽

Self Efficacy ◽

Junior High ◽

Significance Test ◽

T Test ◽

Degree Of Freedom ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship

The research aims to describe 1.The relationship of self-efficacy and the students understanding of the concept of Pertiwi 2 Junior High School Padang. 2. The relationship of motivation and the understanding of the concept of Pertiwi 2 Junior High School students. Factors that can influence a student's understanding of concept are not only depend on the media, model, strategy and learning environment but depend on the students themselves which are self efficacy and motivation. The research is begun at the beginning of the even semester of 2017/2018 academic year. The population in this study was eight (VIII) grade students of Pertiwi 2 Junior High School Padang. The variables consisted of self efficacy (X1), motivation (X2) and understanding of concept (Y). The sample used random sampling which totaled 52 samples. The type of research is descriptive research. The instrument used in this study is questionnaire. The essay as a test is given at the end of Science study to find out the students level of understanding concepts. Based on the data analysis self efficacy 0.184 in the lowest relationship level. According to the significance test, was used t test, in real level = 0,05 with degree of freedom (dk=44) was obtained ttable 1,68. Based on the criteria of the test, ttable = 1.68 and t count = 1.243. Means Hi was rejected and H0 was accepted. The motivation relationship level is 0.089 in the lowest level. Based on the significance test, was used t test, in real level = 0,05 with degree of freedom (dk=44) was obtained ttable 1,68. The tests criteria result is ttable =1,68 dan t count =0.593. Means Hi is rejected and H0 was accepted. So, it can be concluded as there is no significant relationship of self efficacy and motivation with the understanding of concepts of integrated science in VIII class of Pertiwi 2 Junior High School Padang.

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Integration of Pedagogical and Production Factors in the Process of the Formation of Industry 4.0

TEM Journal ◽

10.18421/tem104-62 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1964-1970

Author(s):

Nikolay Chapaev ◽

Olga Akimova ◽

Yevgeniy Dorozhkin ◽

Andrey Efanov ◽

Ekaterina Bychkova

Keyword(s):

Industry 4.0 ◽

Industrial Revolution ◽

Rapid Development ◽

Student Assessment ◽

Teacher Assessment ◽

Educational Process ◽

Production Factors ◽

Ancient Times ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship

The rapid development of Industry 4.0 as a result of the Fourth Industrial Revolution brings back the relationship of pedagogy and production to mutual integration that has been their characteristic since ancient times. The study revealed high digital readiness of students (4.24 according to the student assessment and 2.82 according to the teacher assessment on a 5- point scale) and very low readiness of production to accept integrated learning (1.68 and 2.67, respectively), as well as the poor digitalization of the educational process according to the students and teachers, who are more closely familiar with the reality of production (2.03 and 2.45, respectively).

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PENGARUH MODEL PEMBELAJARAN DISCOVERY LEARNING TERHADAP PEMAHAMAN KONSEP MATEMATIKA

Jurnal Pendidikan Edutama ◽

10.30734/jpe.v6i1.341 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 11

Author(s):

Miftahus Surur ◽

Sofi Tri Oktavia

Keyword(s):

T Test ◽

Discovery Learning ◽

Vocational School ◽

Mathematical Concepts ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Direct Teaching ◽

The Difference ◽

Level Of Understanding ◽

Academic Year ◽

Quasi Experiment

Abstract: This study aims to determine the difference in understanding of students' concepts in mathematics subjects using discovery learning models and direct teaching models in class X of Khamas Asembagus Vocational School 2017/2018 academic year. This research is a type of quasi experiment research (quasi experiment). The population in this study was class X of the Khamas Asembagus Vocational School which consisted of 3 classes with 80 students. The sample in this study is class X TKJ 1 as many as 24 students as the experimental class and class X MM as many as 31 students as the control class. Data collection in this study was conducted using a test and then analyzed by t-test. The results of the analysis show that tcount> ttable or 3.198> 1.6741, it can be concluded that there is a significant difference in the level of understanding of students' concepts in mathematics between those using the discovery learning model and the direct teaching model. Keywords: Discovery Learning, Learning Outcomes, mathematical concepts Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan tingat pemahaman konsep siswa pada mata pelajaran matematika yang menggunakan model discovery learning dan model pengajaran langsung pada siswa kelas X SMK Khamas Asembagus tahun pelajaran 2017/2018. Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian quasi experiment (kuasi eksperimen). Populasi dalam penelitian ini yaitu kelas X SMK Khamas Asembagus yang terdiri dari 3 kelas dengan jumlah 80 siswa. Sampel dalam penelitian ini yaitu kelas X TKJ 1 sebanyak 24 siswa sebagai kelas eksperimen dan kelas X MM sebanyak 31 siswa sebagai kelas kontrol. Pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan test dan selanjutnya dianalisis dengan uji t-test. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa thitung > ttabel atau 3,198 > 1,6741, dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan tingkat pemahaman konsep siswa pada mata pelajaran matematika antara yang menggunakan model pembelajaran discovery learning dan model pengajaran langsung. Kata kunci: discovery learning, hasil belajar, konsep matematika

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HUBUNGAN TINGKAT PEMAHAMAN KARAKTERISTIK MORFOLOGI HEWAN DENGAN KEMAMPUAN MENGHAFAL NAMA LATIN HEWAN PADA SISWA KELAS X IPA SMA NEGERI 3 JEMBER

EDUSAINS ◽

10.15408/es.v12i1.13132 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 20-29

Author(s):

M Ubaidilah Hasan ◽

Ira Nurmawati

Keyword(s):

Correlation Coefficient ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Quantitative Approach ◽

Ex Post ◽

Ex Post Facto ◽

Kendall Correlation ◽

Level Of Understanding ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship ◽

Morphology Characteristics

THE RELATIONSHIP OF STUDENTS' UNDERSTANDING LEVEL OF ANIMAL MORPHOLOGY CHARACTERISTICS WITH THE ABILITY TO MEMORIZE ANIMAL LATIN NAMES IN GRADE 10 IPAAbstractAnimal taxonomy subjects often use animal's Latin names. Many students think that this subject is annoying because it is dominated by memorizing animal's Latin names, even though memorizing becomes a prerequisite for understanding. Meanwhile, most of the language materials memorized need an understanding before the memorizing process. This study aimed to find a relationship between the level of students' understanding of an animal's morphological characteristics and the ability to memorize animal's Latin names at the Xth grade of IPA students in SMAN 3 Jember. This study used a quantitative approach with a type of ex post facto. The test obtained the data. Then it was descriptively and inferentially analyzed by Kendall correlation. This research indicated that 56 students who answered test of the level of understanding animal's morphological characteristics and the ability to memorize animal's Latin names resulted in a correlation coefficient of score 0.673, and significance 0,000 < 0.05. Therefore, if the level of students’ understanding of an animal's morphological characteristics increased, the ability to memorize animal's Latin names at the Xth grade of IPA students in SMAN 3 Jember also increased, conversely. AbstrakNama latin hewan sering digunakan dalam materi taksonomi hewan. Banyak siswa beranggapan bahwa materi tersebut membosankan karena didominasi oleh menghafal nama latin hewan, padahal menghafal menjadi prasyarat pemahaman. Sementara itu, sebagian besar materi bahasa yang dihafal membutuhkan pemahaman sebelum proses menghafal berlangsung. Tujuan penelitian ini ialah mengetahui hubungan tingkat pemahaman karakteristik morfologi hewan dengan kemampuan menghafal nama latin hewan pada siswa kelas X IPA SMA Negeri 3 Jember. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan jenis eks post facto. Data didapatkan menggunakan instrumen tes. Kemudian dianalisis secara deskriptif dan inferensial menggunakan korelasi Kendall. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa dari 56 siswa yang menjawab tes tingkat pemahaman karakteristik morfologi hewan dan kemampuan menghafal nama latin hewan menghasilkan koefisien korelasi 0,673 dan signifikansi 0,000 < 0,05. Dengan demikian, jika tingkat pemahaman karakteristik morfologi hewan meningkat, kemampuan menghafal nama latin hewan pada siswa kelas X IPA SMA Negeri 3 Jember juga meningkat, begitupula sebaliknya.

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The Relationship of Surgeon Handedness and Experience on Operative Duration and Hearing Improvement in Ipsilateral and Contralateral Otologic Surgeries

Philippine Journal of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery ◽

10.32412/pjohns.v35i2.1505 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 35 (2) ◽

pp. 17

Author(s):

Gillian Barzaga

Keyword(s):

Hearing Improvement ◽

Ear Surgery ◽

Hearing Gain ◽

Operative Duration ◽

Left Handed ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Surgeon Experience ◽

The Right ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship

ABSTRACT Objective: To determine the relationship of the surgeon handedness and operative site laterality on operative duration and hearing improvement in otologic surgery, and to further explore whether this relationship may be related to surgeon experience. Methods:Design: Retrospective CohortSetting: Tertiary Private Teaching HospitalParticipants: Seventy-three (73) patients aged 18 to 65 years old who underwent primary ear surgery under general anesthesia between January 2016 and December 2019 were retrospectively divided into two groups: 39 contralateral and 34 ipsilateral. The operative durations and hearing improvements were compared using independent t-tests, with consideration of surgeon experience in years further stratifying patients. Results: There was no significant difference in operative duration, t(71) = 1.14, p = .26, between the contralateral (M = 281.95 minutes, SD = 71.82) and ipsilateral (M = 261.15, SD = 79.26) groups. This same pattern was more pronounced among surgeons with 10+ years of experience although there was also no significant difference in operative time, t(33) = 1.31, p = .19 for both ipsilateral and contralateral surgeries There was no statistically significant difference, t(36) = -0.72, p = .47, in overall mean hearing gain among patients in the contralateral (M = +2.22 dB, SD = 10.54) and ipsilateral (M = +5.12 dB, SD = 14.26) groups. Although the difference was also not statistically significant, t(16) = -1.94, p = .07 for contralateral (M = 0.00, SD = 5.43) and ipsilateral (M = +7.95 dB, SD = 11.52) procedures performed by surgeons with experience of 10 years or more, a mean hearing gain of +7 dB in the ipsilateral group compared to 0 dB in the contralateral group was notable. Conclusion: This study did not prove that regardless of surgeon experience, right-handed surgeons operating on the right ear and left-handed surgeons operating on the left ear have better ear surgery outcomes of operative duration and hearing improvement compared to right- handed surgeons operating on the left ear and left-handed surgeons operating on the right ear. Future studies on larger samples with more complete data may yet demonstrate this effect.

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