The Use of Deep Eutectic Solvents Ionic Liquids for Selective Dissolution and Recovery of Sn, Pb and Zn from Electric and Electronic Waste (WEEE)

The recovery of metals from a multi-component alloy obtained by crushing, melting and anodic dissolution of waste electric and electronic equipment (WEEE) has been investigated. The aim of this paper is to selective recover of Sn, Pb and Zn by a novel ecological technology using ionic liquids. Metallic Sn, Pn and Zn were electrochemically recovered from the WEEE dissolved in choline chloride-ethylene glycol-iodine ionic liquid. Cyclic voltammetry was used in order to determine the deposition potentials of the studied metals. XRD and SEM/EDX analysis methods were used to characterize the structure and morphology of the metallic deposits. Evolution of the cathodic deposition and of the chemical composition of the anode during the anodic dissolution process for Sn, Pb and Zn was also studied. This study has demonstrated the possibility of selective recovery of Sn, Pb and Zn from the multi-component alloy (which resulted from consecutive anodic dissolution of WEEE) by anodic dissolution/deposition in ionic liquids.

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Fe–Mn Alloys Electroforming Process Using Choline Chloride Based Deep Eutectic Solvents

Materials Proceedings ◽

10.3390/materproc2021005040 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 40

Author(s):

Vinicius Sales ◽

Carlo Paternoster ◽

Diego Mantovani ◽

Georgios Kolliopoulos

Keyword(s):

Cyclic Voltammetry ◽

Ionic Liquids ◽

Ethylene Glycol ◽

Reduction Potential ◽

Choline Chloride ◽

Deep Eutectic Solvents ◽

Electrochemical Potential ◽

Bath Composition ◽

Promising Alternative ◽

Electrodeposition Of Metals

Aqueous solvents, despite being effective in the electrodeposition of metals with positive reduction potential, fail to deposit metals with negative reduction potential due to their narrow electrochemical potential window. Deep eutectic solvents (DESs), a class of ionic liquids, are a promising alternative of inexpensive, biodegradable, non-toxic anhydrous solvents that present wide electrochemical potential windows. The present work reports on the potential of choline chloride/ethylene glycol DES in the electrodeposition of Fe–Mn alloys. Cyclic voltammetry tests showed that increasing the quantity of Mn in the bath composition decreases the deposition current of the alloy.

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Ionic liquids and deep eutectic solvents for the recovery of phenolic compounds: effect of ionic liquids structure and process parameters

RSC Advances ◽

10.1039/d0ra10560k ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (20) ◽

pp. 12398-12422

Author(s):

Amir Sada Khan ◽

Taleb H. Ibrahim ◽

Nabil Abdel Jabbar ◽

Mustafa I. Khamis ◽

Paul Nancarrow ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ionic Liquid ◽

Ionic Liquids ◽

Phenolic Compounds ◽

Liquid Phase ◽

Aqueous Phase ◽

Process Parameters ◽

Deep Eutectic Solvents

Extraction of phenol from aqueous phase to ionic liquid phase.

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A Review of the electrochemical corrosion of metals in choline chloride based deep eutectic solvents

Journal of Electrochemical Science and Engineering ◽

10.5599/jese.1135 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Mihael Bučko ◽

Jelena Bajat

Keyword(s):

Ionic Liquids ◽

Corrosion Rate ◽

Wide Spectrum ◽

Choline Chloride ◽

Electrochemical Corrosion ◽

Deep Eutectic Solvents ◽

High Viscosity ◽

Metal Corrosion ◽

Melting Points ◽

Separate Class

Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are a class of mixtures with melting points notably lower than those of their raw constituent components. These liquids have found a tremendously wide spectrum of applications in the last two decades of their research, so their contact and interaction with technical metals and alloys are inevitable. Therefore, the corrosivity of DESs towards metals is an extremely important topic. This review summarizes research efforts collected in the last two decades related to the corrosion rate of various metals in different DESs. Since the DESs are mainly composed of organic raw compounds, and by their physicochemical properties they may be regarded as a separate class of ionic liquids, the literature data about DESs corrosivity has been compared to the data related to the corrosivity of various organic solvents and ionic liquids as well. All the results gained until now show significantly low corrosivity of DESs. This observation is discussed in relation to the chemical composition of DESs. The absence of the oxidizing agents, the inhibitory action of organic ions and molecules, high viscosity and low electrical conductivity have been recognized as the main factors contributing to the low metal corrosion rate in DESs.

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Reduction of the Coefficient of Friction of Steel-Steel Tribological Contacts by Novel Graphene-Deep Eutectic Solvents (DESs) Lubricants

Lubricants ◽

10.3390/lubricants7040037 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (4) ◽

pp. 37 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Ignacio Garcia ◽

Silvia Guerra ◽

Juan de Damborenea ◽

Ana Conde

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Ionic Liquids ◽

Friction Coefficient ◽

Wear Rate ◽

Adhesive Wear ◽

Choline Chloride ◽

Deep Eutectic Solvents ◽

The Other ◽

Graphene Flakes ◽

The Coefficient Of Friction

Deep eutectic ionic liquids (DES) possess similar properties to conventional ionic liquids (ILs). However, ILs cannot be considered as environmentally friendly compounds due to both its processing and synthesis, which could have significant polluting effects. On the contrary, deep eutectic solvents (DESs) can be biodegradable, non-toxic, and have a lower price than most ILs, making them potentially useful in a wide variety of advanced technological applications, such as tribology. On the other hand, graphene has recently been proposed as an extremely promising lubricant due to its combination of mechanical properties and chemical stability as well as its “green” character. In the present paper, graphene flakes (≈250 nm) have been used as an additive to DES composed of choline chloride (ChCl)-urea, ChCl-ethylene glycol, and ChCl-malic acid. According to the results, the addition of 1 wt% graphene reduces friction coefficient (COF) and, notably, prevents adhesive wear, reducing wear rate on steel-steel sliding contacts.

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Review on Carbon Dioxide Absorption by Choline Chloride/Urea Deep Eutectic Solvents

Advances in Chemistry ◽

10.1155/2018/2675659 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Rima J. Isaifan ◽

Abdukarem Amhamed

Keyword(s):

Carbon Dioxide ◽

Hydrogen Bond ◽

Ionic Liquids ◽

Choline Chloride ◽

Deep Eutectic Solvents ◽

Absorption Capacity ◽

Carbon Dioxide Absorption ◽

Hydrogen Bond Donor ◽

Separation Processes ◽

Hydrogen Bond Acceptor

In the recent past few years, deep eutectic solvents (DESs) were developed sharing similar characteristics to ionic liquids but with more advantageous features related to preparation cost, environmental impact, and efficiency for gas separation processes. Amongst many combinations of DES solvents that have been prepared, reline (choline chloride as the hydrogen bond acceptor mixed with urea as the hydrogen bond donor) was the first DES synthesized and is still the one with the lowest melting point. Choline chloride/urea DES has proven to be a promising solvent as an efficient medium for carbon dioxide capture when compared with amine alone or ionic liquids under the same conditions. This review sheds light on the preparation method, physical and chemical characteristics, and the CO2 absorption capacity of choline chloride/urea DES under different temperatures and pressures reported up to date.

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Rationale for the implementation of reference electrodes in ionic liquids

Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics ◽

10.1039/c5cp07652h ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 18 (11) ◽

pp. 8148-8157 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

C. Bonnaud ◽

I. Billard ◽

N. Papaiconomou ◽

E. Chainet ◽

J. C. Leprêtre

Keyword(s):

Cyclic Voltammetry ◽

Ionic Liquid ◽

Ionic Liquids ◽

Liquid Media ◽

Reference Electrodes ◽

The Stability

A comparison between quasi-reference and reference electrodes was carried out in ionic liquid media by cyclic voltammetry. The stability and the reliability of these reference electrodes are discussed.

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HIDROLISIS HASIL DELIGNIFIKASI TANDAN KOSONG KELAPA SAWIT DALAM SISTEM CAIRAN IONIK CHOLINE CHLORIDE

Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU ◽

10.32734/jtk.v5i1.1521 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 27-33

Author(s):

Gendish Yoricya ◽

Shinta Aisyah Putri Dalimunthe ◽

Renita Manurung ◽

Nimpan Bangun

Keyword(s):

Ionic Liquid ◽

Ionic Liquids ◽

Reaction Time ◽

Choline Chloride ◽

Liquid System ◽

Cooking Time ◽

Raw Material ◽

Cellulose Content ◽

Empty Fruit Bunches ◽

Hydrolysis Conditions

Palm Empty Fruit Bunches (TKKS) was the waste which has a fairly high content of lignocelluloses. Meanwhile, TKKS has not been utilize optimally. With a cellulose content of 45%-50%, TKKS then potentially be used as raw material for bioethanol. In the process of production bioethanol, delignification of lignocellulose the first phase was conducted to dissolve ligament between cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. In this research, delignification process was carried out using NaOH in the ionic liquid system and without ionic liquids. The purpose of this research was to find out the highest content of cellulose which contained in the TKKS and to determine the hydrolysis of delignification results on palm empty fruit bunches and the best hydrolysis conditions was obtained at the hydrolysis process in the choline chloride ionic liquid system. Delignification process were performed using ionic liquids choline chloride (ChCl) in variety of cooking time with amount different ChCl. This research used TKKS powder cooked at a temperature 130 °C with a variety of cooking time 30, 60, and 90 minutes and the variation of ChCl 10%, 15% and 20% weight of TKKS. Delignification research results used ChCl obtained highest content of cellulose was 40,33%, hemicellulose 20,28%, and lignin 3,62% in cooking treatment 90 minutes and 15% ChCl. While delignification without ChCl obtained highest content of cellulose is 24,98%, hemicellulose 8,25%, and lignin 18,99% in cooking treatment 90 minutes. Delignification process using ChCl be able increase the degree of delignification as big as 61,45%. In the hydrolisis process, the main raw material used cellulose of delignification TKKS result, choline chloride, sulfatl acid, and distilled water. The hydrolysis stage in this research was carried out at temperature 105 0C, catalyst (H2SO4) 10% (w / w) cellulose, ChCl 10%, 15%, and 20% (w / w) cellulose and it was stirred at constant speed 120 rpm with reaction time of 30, 60 and 90 minutes. The result in the hydrolysis stage using ionic liquid obtained glucose. LUFF method analysis showed the maximum result of glucose 37.96% with the best conditions in reaction time 90 minutes and the amount of choline chloride 20%.

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Electrochemical Synthesis of Conducting Polymers Involving Deep Eutectic Solvents

Current Nanoscience ◽

10.2174/1573413715666190206145036 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 (4) ◽

pp. 478-494 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Florentina Golgovici ◽

Liana Anicai ◽

Andreea Florea ◽

Teodor Visan

Keyword(s):

Ionic Liquids ◽

Conducting Polymers ◽

Electrochemical Synthesis ◽

Conductive Polymers ◽

Electrochemical Polymerization ◽

Choline Chloride ◽

Deep Eutectic Solvents ◽

Widespread Application ◽

Eutectic Mixtures ◽

New Findings

Background: Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) represent a new generation of ionic liquids which are widely promoted as “green solvents”. They are gaining widespread application in materials chemistry and electrochemistry. DESs are defined as eutectic mixtures of quaternary ammonium salt with a hydrogen bond donor in certain molar ratios. Their use as solvents for electrochemical synthesis of conducting polymers could influence the polymer properties and reduce their economic cost. Objective: This review presents the most recent results regarding the electropolymerization of common conductive polymers involving choline chloride based ionic liquids. New findings from our laboratory on the electrochemical growth of conductive polymers are also discussed. Methods: The electrochemical polymerization mechanisms during synthesis of polypyrrole (PPy), polyaniline (PANI) and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) using various formulations of DESs are reviewed, as well as their characteristics, mainly from surface morphology view point. Results: Some general information related to the preparation and characterization of DESs is also presented, followed by an overview of the recent advances in the field of electropolymerization using DESs. Conclusion: Electropolymerization of conducting polymers involving DESs represents an attractive route of synthesis due to their compositional flexibility which makes possible the preparation of unlimited formulations further influencing the polymer morphology and properties. The use of these inexpensive eutectic mixtures has a large potential to contribute to the development of more sustainable technological processes meeting many of the required features characteristic to the green chemistry.

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Application of Deep Eutectic Solvents and Ionic Liquids in the Extraction of Catechins from Tea

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules25143216 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 25 (14) ◽

pp. 3216 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Sylwia Bajkacz ◽

Jakub Adamek ◽

Anna Sobska

Keyword(s):

Ionic Liquids ◽

Solid Phase ◽

Choline Chloride ◽

Deep Eutectic Solvents ◽

Mixing Ratios ◽

Good Solubility ◽

Tea Infusions ◽

Girard’S Reagent ◽

Spe Method

This work aimed to comprehensively evaluate the potential and effectiveness of deep eutectic solvents (DESs) in the extraction of seven catechins from various tea samples. Different combinations of DES were used, consisting of Girard’s reagent T (GrT) in various mixing ratios with organic acids and choline chloride. The yields of the DES extractions were compared with those from ionic liquids and conventional solvent. DES contained malic acid, as the hydrogen bond donors showed a good solubility of catechins with different polarities. In the second part of the study, a solid-phase extraction (SPE) method was applied to the extraction of catechins from tea infusions. The method was applied to the determination of selected catechins in tea leaves and tea infusions. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the proposed procedure works well in the simultaneous monitoring of these polyphenols, which makes it a useful tool in the quality control of tea.

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