scholarly journals A pilot study reveals the potential of miR-31-3p and miR-196a-5p as non-invasive biomarkers in advanced laryngeal cancer

Folia Medica ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 355-364
Author(s):  
Silva Garo Kyurkchiyan ◽  
Todor Miroslavov Popov ◽  
Felitsiya Shakola ◽  
Julian Rangachev ◽  
Vanyo Ivanov Mitev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Tumour Tissue ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Plasma Samples ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Laboratory Techniques ◽  
Laryngeal Tumour ◽  
Fresh Frozen ◽  
Spss Software

Introduction: Recently, miRNAs have become popular molecules used as non-invasive biomarkers in cancer diseases. Aim: The aim of the study was to explore the expression of four miRNAs isoforms: miR-31-3p, miR-196a-5p, miR-210-3p and miR-424-5p in plasma and tissue samples from patients with advanced laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) and healthy controls. Materials and methods: Fresh-frozen tumour and normal laryngeal tissue as well as plasma samples were obtained from 22 patients diagnosed with advanced LSCC. The control group included plasma samples from 21 cancer-free volunteers. Total RNA (including miRNAs) extraction, reverse transcription and real time qPCR were the laboratory techniques used in the study. The obtained results were analyzed using SPSS software v. 23. Results: We found that miR-31-3p, miR-196a-5p, and miR-210-3p levels were significantly elevated in laryngeal tumour tissue, but only the levels of miR-31-3p and miR-196a-5p were significantly upregulated in the plasma LSCC target group. Positive correlation was obtained for miR-31-3p (rs=0.443, p=0.039) and miR-196a-5p (rs=0.548; p=0.008) between plasma and adjacent tumour tissue LSCC samples. ROC analyses were used to evaluate the discriminative power of both miRNAs alone and in combination. The combination of miR-31-3p and miR-196a-5p showed best results with AUC=0.978 (95% CI: 0.945&ndash;1.000, p<0.001) with 100% sensitivity and 81% specificity at cut-off: RQ=2.99. Conclusions: Based on this miR-31-3p and miR-196a-5p are proposed as potential biomarkers for validation in larger LSCC group and could be included in a non-invasive miRNAs set for detection of advanced LSCC.

Correlation of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), tissue-based genomic profiling and clinical efficacy in the biomarker directed Ph1b trial in metastatic bladder cancer (BISCAY).

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 4553-4553
Author(s):  
Danielle Carroll ◽  
Rob McEwen ◽  
Iwanka Kozarewa ◽  
Elizabeth Harrington ◽  
Anne L'Hernault ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bladder Cancer ◽  
Circulating Tumor Dna ◽  
Tumour Tissue ◽  
Attractive Alternative ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Plasma Samples ◽  
Dna Dynamics ◽  
Genomic Alterations ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Ct Dna

4553 Background: BISCAY is a biomarker-directed Ph1b multi-arm platform study exploring the combination of targeted therapies with anti-PD-L1, Durvalumab, in advanced urothelial cancer. Methods: Next generation sequencing (NGS) of tumour tissue samples from > 380 patients(pts) was performed using the FoundationOne assay alongside IHC for PD-L1. ct DNA from pts enrolled in trial modules at treatment initiation was profiled using the Guardant Health OMNI platform assessing a panel of 500 genes. For a subset of pts, serial plasma samples were also analysed to monitor early signs of response vs. resistance and changes in ct DNA dynamics using a bespoke NGS panel of 10 genes. Results: To date 149 pts have been actively enrolled across 7 different biomarker selected and unselected treatment modules. Across all screened pts the most prevalent genomic alterations in tumour tissue were TERT promoter (65%), TP53 (59%), KMT2D 21%, KDM6A 21%, with the most common CNV CDKN2A/ B loss (32 %). All enrolled pts tested had detectable ctDNA in plasma. Similar genomic alterations, both frequency and type, were detected in both plasma ctDNA and tumour tissue with high concordance for module specific biomarkers used for patient allocation (80% (8/10) for ATM, BRCA1 and 2). Alterations in putative biomarkers predictive of response to anti-PD-L1, such as HRR/MMR alterations and high bTMB levels ( > 20mut/Mb) were observed in22% and 40% patient plasma samples, respectively. Correlations between biomarkers across modules treatment efficacy have been explored. Conclusions: All pts with advanced bladder cancer enrolled on BISCAY who were plasma profiled had detectable ctDNA; frequencies of genomic alterations (in both tumour tissue and plasma) were comparable to prior published data sets. ctDNA may be an attractive alternative to tissue-based NGS, providing comprehensive dynamic snapshots of genomic landscapes at the start and during therapy, and warrants further prospective investigation in trials.

scholarly journals The Effect of Foot Reflexology on Amnesia in Patients Undergoing Electroconvulsive Therapy: A Randomized Clinical Trial

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-21
Author(s):  
Hossein Namdar Areshtanab ◽  
Saeed Alinejad Machiani ◽  
Hossein Ebrahimi ◽  
Parvin Sarbakhsh ◽  
Sakineh Goljarian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Olive Oil ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Invasive Technique ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Chi Squared ◽  
Spss Software ◽  
And Control

Abstract Introduction:Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is the oldest procedure among the early biological treatments introduced in psychiatry. However, the most debated and treatment-limiting adverse effect of ECT is amnesia. Therefore, due to the restriction of the use of drugs to manage amnesia in patients undergoing ECT, the present study investigated the effect of reflexology on amnesia. Methods:In this randomized controlled trial, 68 patients who met the inclusion criteria were randomly allocated to intervention and control groups. The intervention group received foot reflexology with olive oil 20 minutes a day for 3 days, while the control group was given a gentle foot rub with olive oil 20 minutes a day for 3 days. The amnesia rate of all patients was measured by the Galveston Orientation and Amnesia Test (GOAT) 30 minutes after the end of ECT. The data were analyzed using SPSS software version 11.5 and t-test, chi-squared test, and repeated measures ANOVA. Results:The results showed that reflexology significantly increased recalling scores in the intervention group compared to the control group. Foot reflexology seems to be effective in managing amnesia in patients after ECT. Conclusion:Foot reflexology, as a relatively simple, inexpensive, and non-invasive technique with few side effects, can be used to manage amnesia in patients after ECT.

scholarly journals Biomarker Potential of Plasma MicroRNA-150-5p in Prostate Cancer

Medicina ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (9) ◽  
pp. 564 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ionut Andrei Paunescu ◽  
Razvan Bardan ◽  
Anca Marcu ◽  
Diana Nitusca ◽  
Alis Dema ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Plasma Samples ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
New Class ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Plasma Microrna ◽  
Cancer Tissues ◽  
Tissue Cancer

Background and Objectives: Over decades, prostate cancer (PCa) has become one of the leading causes of cancer mortality in men. Extensive evidence exists that microRNAs (miRNAs or miRs) are key players in PCa and a new class of non-invasive cancer biomarkers. Materials and Methods: We performed miRNA profiling in plasma and tissues of PCa patients and attempted the validation of candidate individual miRs as biomarkers. Results: The comparison of tissue and plasma profiling results revealed five commonly dysregulated miRs, namely, miR-130a-3p, miR-145-5p, miR-148a-3p, miR-150-5p, and miR-365a-3p, of which only three show concordant changes—miR-130a-3p and miR-150-5p were downregulated and miR-148a-3p was upregulated in both tissue and plasma samples, respectively. MiR-150-5p was validated as significantly downregulated in both plasma and tissue cancer samples, with a fold change of −2.697 (p < 0.001), and −1.693 (p = 0.035), respectively. ROC analysis showed an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.817 (95% CI: 0.680–0.995) for plasma samples and 0.809 (95% CI: 0.616–1.001) for tissue samples. Conclusions: We provide data indicating that miR-150-5p plasma variations in PCa patients are associated with concordant changes in prostate cancer tissues; however, given the heterogeneous nature of previous findings of miR-150-5p expression in PCa cells, additional future studies of a larger sample size are warranted in order to confirm the biomarker potential and role of miRNA-150-5p in PCa biology.

scholarly journals Association of Circulating miRNA Expression with Preeclampsia, Its Onset, and Severity

Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 476
Author(s):  
Zuzana Kolkova ◽  
Veronika Holubekova ◽  
Marian Grendar ◽  
Marcela Nachajova ◽  
Pavol Zubor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mirna Expression ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Fold Change ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Plasma Samples ◽  
Quantitative Real Time Pcr ◽  
Cellular Functions ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Healthy Pregnancy

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are one of the important regulators of cellular functions fundamental for healthy pregnancy processes, including angiogenesis and differentiation of trophoblast cells, and their deregulation could be implicated in the pathogenesis of pregnancy complications, including preeclampsia (PE). The aim of this study was to assess the association of miRNA expression in plasma samples with PE, its onset, and severity. Our study enrolled 59 pregnant women, 27 in the preeclamptic study group and 32 in the control group with physiological pregnancy. Preeclamptic pregnancies were divided into subgroups based on the severity and onset of disease. Relative expression of miR-21-5p, miR-155-5p, miR-210-5p, miR-16-5p, and miR-650 isolated from plasma samples was analysed by quantitative real-time PCR and normalised to experimentally established reference genes. Our results revealed upregulation of miR-21-5p (1.16-fold change, p = 0.0015), miR-155-5p (1.62-fold change, p = 0.0005) in preeclamptic pregnancies, compared to controls. Overexpression of these two miRNAs was observed, especially in subgroups of severe and late-onset PE compared to healthy pregnancies. Although we hypothesised that the expression level of studied miRNAs could vary between PE subtypes (mild vs. severe, early onset vs. late-onset), no obvious differences were detected. In conclusion, our study could contribute to the large-scale studies for the identification of non-invasive biomarkers for PE detection to improve outcomes for women and their new-borns.

Assessment of the Diagnostic Value of GFAP, IGFBP-2, and YKL-40 in Patients with Glioblastoma

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anahita Ebrahimpour ◽  
Guive Sharifi ◽  
Karimollah Hajian-Tilaki ◽  
Shirin Haghighifashi ◽  
Durdi Qujeq
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Plasma Samples ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Tissue Levels ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Newly Diagnosed Glioblastoma ◽  
History Of

Background and Aims: An effective marker search in glioblastoma is precious in controlling and detecting the progression and monitoring of patients with glioblastoma. In this regard, the present study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic and prognostic role of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), insulin-like growth factor-binding protein -2 (IGFBP-2), and chitinase-3-like protein -1 (YKL-40) tissue and plasma levels in patients with GBM. Materials and Methods: A total of 22 patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma (the fourth grade of glioma) who had undergone surgery at the Erfan Hospital were included in the current study. The levels of GFAP, IGFBP-2 were evaluated in 22 tumor tissues, and non-timorous matched adjacent tissue samples of patients with glioblastoma using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay . Besides, 22 healthy subjects with no history of glioblastoma served as controls for plasma samples. All analyses were evaluated using the SPSS version 22.0. Results: The tissue levels of GFAP, IGFBP-2, and YKL-40 were significantly higher in patients with glioblastoma when compared to the healthy controls (p=0.001). Nevertheless, there was no significant difference in comparison to the healthy control group in the plasma samples. Conclusions: Tissue levels of GFAP, IGFBP-2, and YKL-40 may be potential biomarkers for predicting and the progression in patients with glioblastoma.

A noninvasive gastric cancer Her2 test using surrogate methylation markers.

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e16084-e16084
Author(s):  
Xin Liu ◽  
Gengtai Ye ◽  
Chunhui Cui ◽  
Hui Li ◽  
Ting Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Blood Test ◽  
Her2 Status ◽  
Diagnostic Model ◽  
Plasma Samples ◽  
Her2 Positive ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Non Invasive

e16084 Background: There are 10-20% of gastric cancer (GC) with overexpressed Her2. Her2 status remains an essential biomarker for guiding the trastuzumab (Herceptin) therapy, a monoclonal antibody approved for the first-line treatment of late-stage Her2-positive GC. Although IHC, together with FISH, is comprehensively applied to verify Her2 status on tissue samples, an accurate blood test is highly desirable due to the inaccessibility of tissue samples, especially in very late stage GC patients as well as tumor heterogeneity of tissue biopsy. Detecting copy number aberration of Her2 gene in cell-free DNA (cfDNA) gains a lot of interest for its non-invasive approach. However, the limited signal-to-noise ratio poses a great challenge for the accuracy and robustness of the tests (either targeted sequencing or ddPCR). Here, we report a non-invasive test for Her2 status verification based on novel surrogate DNA methylation markers. Methods: Genome-wide DNA methylation sequencing was performed in 30 Her2-negative (IHC 0/1+) and 44 Her2-positive (IHC 3+) tissue samples to identify Her2-overexpression-specific methylation markers. Then we analyzed the performance of these candidate markers using methylation-specific quantitative PCR (qMSP) in plasma samples collected from 102 GC patients before surgical treatment. A Her2-status diagnostic model was built and further validated in a multi-center, prospective cohort (n = 150). The concordance of Her2 status between GC plasma and matching tissue samples (IHC/FISH) was determined. Results: We first discovered 102 statistically significant methylation markers of Her2 status in tissue. Out of these candidate markers, a 3-marker diagnostic model was built and validated on plasma samples, which could discriminate Her2-positive from Her2-negative GC patients with high sensitivity (86.7%) and specificity (96.8%). The overall plasma-tissue concordance of this liquid biopsy test was 95.3%. Furthermore, the Her2-status test was able to classify Her2 2+ status (IHC) into either Her2-negative or Her2-positive status, which was confirmed by conventional FISH test. Conclusions: Overall, the cfDNA-based test is a novel, accurate and noninvasive approach for determining Her2 status in GC patients. The high concordance with IHC/FISH results of this blood test holds great promise as an auxiliary method for guiding Her2-targeted therapy in GC patients. A clinical trial is undergoing to validate this test in the phase-2 clinical trial of a Her2-targeted drug (for GC) in China.

CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF SERUM CAVEOLIN-1 LEVELS IN GASTRIC CANCER PATIENTS

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 323-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
F Tas ◽  
S Karabulut ◽  
K Erturk ◽  
D Duranyildiz
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Histological Grade ◽  
Clinical Importance ◽  
Disease Stage ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Caveolin 1 ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Gastric Cancer Patients

Aim: Caveolin-1 plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of various carcinomas and its expression affects the survival of cancer patients. However, the molecular function of caveolin-1 and its possible clinical importance has remained uncertain in gastric cancer. No clinical trial has examined serum caveolin-1 levels in gastric cancer patients so far, instead all available results were provided from studies conducted on tissue samples. In the current study, we analyzed the soluble serum caveolin-1 levels in gastric cancer patients, and specified its associations with the clinical factors and prognosis. Material and Methods: Sixty-three patients with pathologically confirmed gastric cancer were enrolled into the trial. Serum caveolin-1 concentrations were detected by ELISA method. Thirty healthy subjects were also included in the study. Results: The median age of patients was 62 years, ranging from 28 to 82 years. The serum caveolin-1 levels in gastric cancer patients were significantly higher than those in control group (p < 0.001). The common clinical parameters including patient age, sex, lesion localization, histopathology, histological grade, disease stage, and various serum tumor markers (e.g. LDH, CEA, and CA 19.9) were not found to be associated with serum caveolin-1 levels (p > 0.05). Similarly, no correlation existed between serum caveolin-1 concentration and chemotherapy responsiveness (p = 0.93). Furthermore, serum caveolin-1 level was not found to have a prognostic role (p = 0.16). Conclusion: Even though it is neither predictive nor prognostic, serum caveolin-1 level may be a valuable diagnostic indicator in patients with gastric cancer. Key

Relationship between Invasive and Non-Invasive Hemodynamic Measures in Experimental Pulmonary Hypertension

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-53
Author(s):  
Vicente Benavides-Córdoba ◽  
Mauricio Palacios Gómez
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Pulmonary Hypertension ◽  
Ejection Fraction ◽  
Right Ventricle ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Systolic Pressure ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Pearson Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Non Invasive

Introduction: Animal models have been used to understand the pathophysiology of pulmonary hypertension, to describe the mechanisms of action and to evaluate promising active ingredients. The monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension model is the most used animal model. In this model, invasive and non-invasive hemodynamic variables that resemble human measurements have been used. Aim: To define if non-invasive variables can predict hemodynamic measures in the monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension model. Materials and Methods: Twenty 6-week old male Wistar rats weighing between 250-300g from the bioterium of the Universidad del Valle (Cali - Colombia) were used in order to establish that the relationships between invasive and non-invasive variables are sustained in different conditions (healthy, hypertrophy and treated). The animals were organized into three groups, a control group who was given 0.9% saline solution subcutaneously (sc), a group with pulmonary hypertension induced with a single subcutaneous dose of Monocrotaline 30 mg/kg, and a group with pulmonary hypertension with 30 mg/kg of monocrotaline treated with Sildenafil. Right ventricle ejection fraction, heart rate, right ventricle systolic pressure and the extent of hypertrophy were measured. The functional relation between any two variables was evaluated by the Pearson correlation coefficient. Results: It was found that all correlations were statistically significant (p <0.01). The strongest correlation was the inverse one between the RVEF and the Fulton index (r = -0.82). The Fulton index also had a strong correlation with the RVSP (r = 0.79). The Pearson correlation coefficient between the RVEF and the RVSP was -0.81, meaning that the higher the systolic pressure in the right ventricle, the lower the ejection fraction value. Heart rate was significantly correlated to the other three variables studied, although with relatively low correlation. Conclusion: The correlations obtained in this study indicate that the parameters evaluated in the research related to experimental pulmonary hypertension correlate adequately and that the measurements that are currently made are adequate and consistent with each other, that is, they have good predictive capacity.

scholarly journals Arginase Isoform Expression in Chronic Rhinosinusitis

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 1809 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Vlad ◽  
Silviu Albu
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Chronic Rhinosinusitis ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Upper Airway ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Endoscopic View ◽  
Important Regulator ◽  
Arginase I

Nitric oxide (NO) has emerged as an important regulator of upper airway inflammation, mainly as part of the local naso-sinusal defense mechanisms. Increased arginase activity can reduce NO levels by decreasing the availability of its precursor, L-arginine. Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) has been associated with low levels of nasal nitric oxide (nNO). Thus, the present study investigates the activity of arginase I (ARG1) and II (ARG2) in CRS and its possible involvement in the pathogenesis of this disease. Under endoscopic view, tissue samples of pathologic (n = 36) and normal (n = 29) rhinosinusal mucosa were collected. Arginase I and II mRNA levels were measured using real-time PCR. Our results showed low arginase I activity in all samples. The levels of ARG2 were significantly higher in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis compared to the control group (fold regulation (FR) 2.22 ± 0.42 vs. 1.31 ± 0.21, p = 0.016). Increased ARG2 expression was found in patients with CRS without nasal polyposis (FR 3.14 ± 1.16 vs. 1.31 ± 0.21, p = 0.0175), in non-allergic CRS (FR 2.55 ± 0.52 vs. 1.31 ± 0.21, p = 0.005), and non-asthmatic CRS (FR 2.42 ± 0.57 vs. 1.31 ± 0.21, p = 0.028). These findings suggest that the upregulation of ARG2 may play a role in the pathology of a distinctive phenotype of CRS.

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