Screening Study for Anticonvulsive Activity of Lipophilic Fractions from Empetrum nigrum L.

Introduction: The plants of genus Empetrum, which are used in the traditional medicine to cure seizures and neurodegenerative diseases, can be considered as potent antiepileptic drugs. This paper focuses on a comparative analysis of an anticonvulsive activity of lipophilic fractions from Empetrum nigrum L. Materials and methods: The experiments were conducted using mature outbred CD-1 male mice. The lipophilic fractions from aerial parts of Empetrum nigrum L. were administered through a catheter into the stomach at a dose of 150 mg/kg for 5 days. The anticonvulsive effects were studied using the acute seizure tests: strychnine-, pentylenetetrazole – and maximal electroshock (MES) induced tests. Carbamazepine was used as a positive control drug at a dose of 100 mg/kg. Results and discussion: The acetone-soluble fraction (ASF) of the chloroform extract from Empetrum nigrum L. showed a pronounced anticonvulsive effect on seizures induced by strychnine (1.5 mg/kg) and pentylenetetrazole (150 mg/kg). In comparison to the control group, the time from seizures to death increased by 1.5 for the strychnine-induced seizures, and 1.9 times in case of pentylenetetrazole model. The survival rate of the animals was 22.2% and 20%, correspondingly. The survival rate in the MES test was 77.8%. Overall, ASF demonstrates a remarkable anticonvulsive activity in all the tests, especially in the MES test. Conclusion: Our study for the first time shows a potent antiepileptic effect of ASF from Empetrum nigrum L., containing triterpene compounds and chalcones. The future studies will be focused on investigating the exact mechanisms of anticonvulsive and neuroprotective effects of ASF.

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Anticonvulsant Effect of Nebivolol alone and in Combination with Phenytoin against Maximal Electroshock-Induced Seizures in Mice

JOURNAL FOR CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC RESEARCH ◽

10.7860/jcdr/2021/47167.14669 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Anuranjani Dhamodharan ◽

Nitya Selvaraj ◽

R Meenakshi

Keyword(s):

Adverse Effects ◽

Control Group ◽

Anticonvulsant Effect ◽

Maximal Electroshock ◽

Mice Model ◽

Medical College ◽

Mes Test ◽

Oral Group ◽

Group 5 ◽

Group 2

Introduction: Phenytoin is widely used in treatment of generalised tonic clonic seizures but its adverse effects make its usage limited. Hence forth, there is a need for newer antiepileptics. Studies have shown antiepileptic property for nebivolol in combination with phenytoin hence, reducing the dosage of phenytoin and its adverse effects and toxicities. Aim: To evaluate the anticonvulsant property of nebivolol alone and in combination with phenytoin against Maximal Electroshock Seizures (MES) in a mouse model. Materials and Methods: This was an experimental animal study on total of 36 swiss albino male mice were randomly assigned to six groups with six animals in each group in December 2019 at Sri Manakula Vinayagar Medical College and Hospital. Group 1 was considered as normal control, Group 2 received Phenytoin 25 mg/kg Intraperitoneal (IP); Group 3 & 4 received Nebivolol 0.25 mg/kg oral & 0.50 mg/kg oral, respectively; Group 5 received 12.5 mg/kg IP and nebivolol 0.25 mg/kg oral; Group 6 received Phenytoin 12.5 mg/kg IP and nebivolol 0.50 mg/kg oral. Anticonvulsant effect of the drugs nebivolol and phenytoin was elicited in mice by MES test. After induction following parameters were recorded for onset of Tonic Hind Limb Extension (THLE), duration of clonus, duration of THLE, number of jerks, recovery time. Statistical analysis was done by ANOVA followed by post-hoc Dunnett t-test. Results: Significant reduction in duration of THLE (p<0.01) and clonus (p<0.001) was observed in the group treated with phenytoin (12.5 mg/kg) and nebivolol (0.50 mg/kg). Conclusion: The present study concludes that the lower dose of phenytoin in combination with nebivolol can reduce seizures induced by MES in mice model.

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Determination of Gamma Rays Efficiency Against Rhizoctonia solani in Potatoes

Open Chemistry ◽

10.1515/chem-2019-0033 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

pp. 254-259

Author(s):

Aslı Kara ◽

Şerife Evrim Arici

Keyword(s):

Survival Rate ◽

Rhizoctonia Solani ◽

Gamma Rays ◽

Survival Rates ◽

Stem Canker ◽

Plant Size ◽

Positive Control ◽

Control Group ◽

Biochemical Compounds

AbstractThere are many diseases in potatoes that cause loss of quality and yield in the world. One of them is the Rhizoctonia stem canker and black scurf of potato caused by Rhizoctonia solani (telemorph: Thanetephorus cucumeris). Disease resistant plants can be generated by irradiated application. By irradiating the plant explants, some radicals and biochemical compounds can be generated in cells. In this study, in-vitro cultured expiants from potato cv. Alonso were irradiated with gamma rays with five different doses (22, 33, 54, 57 and 109 Gy). After four sub-cultures in MS media, irradiated plants were inoculated with Rhizoctonia solani and potato plants were cultured at 24 ± 1°C in climate room conditions. The survival rates of the plants were determined after 15 days. Some parameters such as plant size, leaf number and number of plant nodes were recorded and compared with control groups. The highest survival rate of the plants (42%) was determined at 22 Gy and 109 Gy doses (42%) and the lowest survival rate of plants (20%) was determined in the positive control group (P<0.05). The highest number of plant nodes and number of leafs were determined at 54 Gy doses and maximum plant size was determined at 109 Gy doses.

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Effect of Quercetin on PC12 Alzheimer’s Disease Cell Model Induced by Aβ25-35 and Its Mechanism Based on Sirtuin1/Nrf2/HO-1 Pathway

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2020/8210578 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

Xinjun Yu ◽

Yicai Li ◽

Xiaohua Mu

Keyword(s):

Cell Proliferation ◽

Survival Rate ◽

Pc12 Cells ◽

Cell Model ◽

Control Group ◽

Neuroprotective Effects ◽

Promote Cell Proliferation ◽

Mtt Method ◽

Disease Cell ◽

Nrf2 Protein

Objective. This study is aimed at studying the effect of quercetin on the Alzheimer disease cell model induced by Aβ25-35 in PC12 cells and its mechanism of action. Methods. The AD cell model was established by Aβ25-35. Quercetin was used at different concentrations (0, 10, 20, 40, and 80 μmol/L). The morphology of cells was observed, and the effect on cell survival rate was detected by the MTT method. Cell proliferation was detected by the SRB method. The contents of LDH, SOD, MDA, GSH-Px, AChE, CAT, and T-AOC were detected by kits. The expression of sirtuin1/Nrf2/HO-1 was detected by RT-qPCR and Western blot. Results. PC12 cells in the control group grew quickly and adhered well to the wall, most of which had extended long axons and easily grew into clusters. In the model group, cells were significantly damaged and the number of cells was significantly reduced. It was found that PC12 cells were swollen, rounded, protruding, and retracting, with reduced adherent function and floating phenomenon. Quercetin could increase the survival rate and proliferation rate of PC12 cells; reduce the levels of LDH, AChE, MDA, and HO-1 protein; and increase the levels of SOD, GSH-Px, CAT, T-AOC, sirtuin1, and Nrf2 protein. Conclusion. Quercetin can increase the survival rate of PC12 injured by Aβ25-35, promote cell proliferation, and antagonize the toxicity of Aβ; it also has certain neuroprotective effects. Therefore, quercetin is expected to become a drug for the treatment of AD.

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Protective Effect of Potential Probiotic Strains from Fermented Ethiopian Food against Salmonella Typhimurium DT104 in Mice

International Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.1155/2020/7523629 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Guesh Mulaw ◽

Diriba Muleta ◽

Anteneh Tesfaye ◽

Tesfaye Sisay

Keyword(s):

Survival Rate ◽

Growth Inhibition ◽

Negative Control Group ◽

Treated Group ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Positive Control Group ◽

Control Group ◽

Mixed Potential ◽

Probiotic Strains

Salmonella is one of the most harmful pathogens responsible for foodborne outbreaks, illnesses and deaths. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of potentially probiotic strains against Salmonella Typhimurium DT104 in mice. The compatibility test among the selected potential probiotic strains (Lactobacillus plantarum K132, Lactobacillus paracasei K114 and Lactococcus lactis E124) using the cross-streaking method showed the absence of antagonism. The anti-Salmonella activities of coculture of the isolated potential probiotics in the form of mixed or single culture showed a remarkable anti-Salmonella activity with 96.50 to 100% growth inhibition. The combination of strains, which showed the highest growth inhibition rates against Salmonella Typhimurium DT104, was used to test their effect on the colonization of mice by Salmonella Typhimurium DT104. White albino male mice were pretreated with the mixed potential probiotics for 7 days and infected with Salmonella Typhimurium DT104 for 1 day. A total of 3 treatments were applied, during which the negative control group was treated with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS); a positive control group (typ) was challenged with Salmonella Typhimurium DT104 alone. The treated group (pro-typ) was pretreated with mixed potential probiotic culture and then infected with Salmonella Typhimurium DT104. The survival rate of mice and counts of Salmonella in feces were recorded. The survival rate of mice on day 21 after the oral challenge with Salmonella Typhimurium DT104 was significantly p<0.05 higher in the experimental pro-typ group (100% survival) compared with the positive control group (20% survival). The counts (colony-forming unit per ml) of Salmonella in feces were significantly lower p<0.05 for the pro-typ group compared to the typ group. The combination of potential probiotic strains was able to protect mice against Salmonella Typhimurium DT104 infection that demonstrates their potential to be used as probiotic cultures for the production of functional fermented products.

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Utilization of Tofu Dregs Flour in Making Snack Bars for People with Diabetes Mellitus

Media Ilmiah Teknologi Pangan (Scientific Journal of Food Technology) ◽

10.24843/mitp.2020.v07.i01.p04 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 27

Author(s):

Ni Putu Diah Cahyani Subamia ◽

Komang Ayu Nocianitri ◽

I Dewa Gede Mayun Permana

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Blood Sugar ◽

Wheat Flour ◽

Sugar Content ◽

Type Ii Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Positive Control ◽

Water Soluble ◽

Control Group ◽

Unhealthy Lifestyle ◽

Control Group Design

Type II diabetes mellitus due to an unhealthy lifestyle, one of which is the lack of fiber in daily food consumption. One food that has a high fiber content is tofu dregs. The purpose of this study was to determine substitution of wheat flour with tofu dregs flour to produce a snack bar with the best characteristics, and determine the effect of consumption of snack bar from tofu dregs on blood sugar content in rats. The research was conducted two steps. Step I: Formulation of snack bar using a completely randomized design with tofu dregs flour concentration of 0 %, 10 %, 20 %, 30 %, 40 %, and 50 %. The variables of this study were the content of water, ash, protein, fat, carbohydrates, sensory tests, and effectiveness tests. Step II: the best characteristic snack bar in the step I was used experimental rats. This step used true experimental design with pre-post test control group design. The variables of study were blood glucose levels before treatment and after treatment. The treatment group consisted of normal, negative, positive control, and snack bar. The results of the first step of the research showed that substitution of wheat flour with 40 % tofu dregs produced the best characteristic snack bar with 17.19 % water content, 1.33 % ash content, 11.03 % protein, 20.53 % fat, 49.92 % carbohydrate, light brown color, unpleasant aroma, distinctive soy taste, crumb texture, 0.63 % water soluble food fiber, 1.57 % water insoluble fiber, and total food fiber 2.36 %. The results of the second step of the study showed that the provision of substitution of wheat flour with tofu dregs flour 40 % could reduce blood sugar levels in diabetic mellitus rats until normal, start 290 mg/dl to 108.5 mg/dl. Tofu dregs flour can be used for snack bar formulations for people with diabetes mellitus.

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The Comparison of Ostecyte in the Pressure area and Tension area on Tooth Movement Because of Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy

DENTA ◽

10.30649/denta.v12i1.162 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 34

Author(s):

Arya Barahmanta ◽

Muhammad Faizal Winaris ◽

Pambudi Raharjo

Keyword(s):

Hyperbaric Oxygen ◽

Oxygen Therapy ◽

Tooth Movement ◽

Bone Remodelling ◽

Orthodontic Tooth Movement ◽

Negative Control Group ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Control Group ◽

Pressure Area

Background: Orthodontic tooth movement is a interaction prosess of resorption and deposition of bone remodeling. Orthodontic tooth movement by mechanical strength causes changes in alveolar bone. Osteocyte is an essential cell to respond bone remodelling. Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy affects production of osteocyte because it can release Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) and Nitrid Oxide (NO). Purpose: To determine the difference number of osteocyte in pressure and tension area during tooth movement by adjuvant of Hyperbaric Oxygen 2,4 ATA during 7 days starting on day 8 to day 14. Materials and Methods: This research used Completery Randomized Control Group Post Test Only Design. 36 cavia cobaya (male) were divided into 3 groups randomly : the negative control groups, positive control group, and treatment group. Preparat staining used Hematoxylin Eosin (HE) and calculated on microscop 1000x with 20 field of view. Data analyses used one way ANOVA and LSD test then compared each area by using paired T test. Result: The data showed that the treatment group (P=10,67) tension area has the highest number of osteocyte than negative control group (K-=3,67), positive control (K+=7,42). In the pressure area showed that negative control group (K-=5,00) has the highest than positive control group (K+=3,83) and treatment (P=3,25). Conclusion: Therapy HBO 2,4 ATA 7 days starting on day 8 to day 14 is could increase osteocyte in the tissue to stimulate process of bone remodelling.<pre> </pre>Keywords: Hyperbaric Oxygen, Tooth movement, Bone remodeling, Osteocyte Correspondence: Arya Brahmanta, Department of Orthodonty, Faculty of Dentistry, Hang Tuah University, Arif Rahman Hakim 150, Surabaya, Phone 031-5945864, Email: <a href="mailto:[email protected]">arya.brahmanta@hangtuah.ac.id</a>

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Neuroprotective Effects of Extracts from the Radix Curcuma aromatica on H2O2-induced Damage in PC12 Cells

Combinatorial Chemistry & High Throughput Screening ◽

10.2174/1386207321666181005121457 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 21 (8) ◽

pp. 571-582 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Juxiang Liu ◽

Lianli Zhang ◽

Dan Liu ◽

Baocai Li ◽

Mi Zhang

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Pc12 Cells ◽

Caspase 3 ◽

Cell Damage ◽

Positive Control ◽

Neuroprotective Activity ◽

Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽

Morphologic Change ◽

Neuroprotective Effects ◽

Etoh Extract

Aim & Objectives: Curcuminoids are characteristic constituents in Curcuma, displaying obviously neuroprotective activities against oxidative stress. As one of the Traditional Chinese Medicines from Curcuma, the radix of Curcuma aromatica is also rich in those chemicals, but its neuroprotective activity and mechanism remain unknown. The aim of the current study is to evaluate the neuroprotective effects of extracts from the radix of C. aromatica (ECAs) on H2O2-damaged PC12 cells. Material and Methods: The model of oxidative stress damage was established by treatment of 400 µM H2O2 on PC12 to induce cell damage. After the treatment of ECWs for 24 h, the cell viability, LDH, SOD, CAT and GSH were measured to evaluate the neuroprotection of ECAs on that model. The potential action mechanism was studied by measurement of level of ROS, cell apoptosis rate, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), morphologic change, the intracellular Ca2+ content (F340/F380) and the expressions of Bcl-2, Bax and Caspase-3. Additionally, the constituents from tested extracts were analyzed by HPLC-DAD-Q-TOF-MS method. Results: Compared with a positive control, Vitamin E, 10 µg/ml of 95% EtOH extract (HCECA) and 75% EtOH extract (MCECA) can markedly increase the rate of cell survival and enhance the antioxidant enzyme activities of SOD, CAT, increase the levels of GSH, decrease LDH release and the level of ROS, attenuate the intracellular Ca2+ overloading, reduce the cell apoptotic rate and stabilize MMP, down-regulate Bcl-2 expression, up-regulate Bax and caspase-3 expression, and improve the change of cell morphology. The chemical analysis showed that diarylheptanoids and sesquiterpenoids are the major chemicals in tested extracts and the former were richer in HCECA and MCECA than others. Conclusions: These findings indicated that the effects of HCECA and MCECA on inhibiting the cells damage induced by H2O2 in PC12 are better than other extracts from the radix of C. aromatica, and the active constituents with neuroprotective effects consisting in those two active extracts are diarylheptanoids.

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In vitro and in vivo Assessment of Silver Nanoparticles Against Clostridium botulinum Type A Botulinum

Current Drug Discovery Technologies ◽

10.2174/1570163815666180403163946 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. 113-119 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mohammad Aminianfar ◽

Siavash Parvardeh ◽

Mohsen Soleimani

Keyword(s):

Silver Nanoparticles ◽

Botulinum Toxin ◽

Clostridium Botulinum ◽

Lethal Dose ◽

Type A ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Laboratory Animals ◽

Control Group ◽

Nano Silver

Background: Clostridium botulinum causes botulism, a serious paralytic illness that results from the ingestion of a botulinum toxin. Because silver nanoparticle products exhibit strong antimicrobial activity, applications for silver nanoparticles in healthcare have expanded. Therefore, the objective of the current study was to assess a therapeutic strategy for the treatment of botulism toxicity using silver nanoparticles. Methods: A preliminary test was conducted using doses that produce illness in laboratory animals to determine the absolute lethal dose (LD100) of botulinum toxin type A (BoNT/A) in mice. Next, the test animals were divided into six groups containing six mice each. Groups I, II and III were the negative control (botulinum toxin only), positive control-1 (nano-silver only) and positive control-2 (no treatment), respectively. The remaining groups were allocated to the toxin that was supplemented with three nano-silver treatments. Results: The mortality rates of mice caused by BoNT/A significantly reduced in the treatment groups with different doses and injection intervals of nano-silver when compared to the negative control group. BoNT/A toxicity induced by intraperitoneal injection of the toxin of Clostridium botulinum causes rapid death while when coupled with nano-osilver results in delayed death in mice. Conclusion: These results, while open to future improvement, represent a preliminary step towards the satisfactory control of BoNT/A with the use of silver nanoparticles for human protection against this bioterrorism threat. Further study in this area can elucidate the underlying mechanism for detoxifying BoNT/A by silver nanoparticles.

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Synthesis and Anticonvulsant Activity of 3-(alkylamino, alkoxy)-1,3,4,5- Tetrahydro-2H-benzo [b] azepine-2-one Derivatives

CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets ◽

10.2174/1871527317666180704101332 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 17 (6) ◽

pp. 448-457 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Xia Huang ◽

Tie Chen ◽

Rong-Bi Han ◽

Feng-Yu Piao

Keyword(s):

1H Nmr ◽

Elemental Analysis ◽

13C Nmr ◽

Anticonvulsant Activity ◽

Mass Spectra ◽

Maximal Electroshock ◽

Test Compound ◽

Maximal Electroshock Test ◽

Mes Test ◽

Structure Activity

Background & Objective: A series of novel 3-Substituted-1,3,4,5-Tetrahydro-2H-benzo [b] azepine-2-one Derivatives (4, 5, 7, 10, 12, 5a-j, 8a-e) were synthesized from 1,2,3,4-Tetrahydro-1- naphthalenone. The structures of these compounds were confirmed by IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, MASS spectra and elemental analysis. Their anticonvulsant activity was evaluated by the maximal electroshock (MES) test, subcutaneous pentylenetetrazol (scPTZ) test, and their neurotoxicity was evaluated by the rotarod neurotoxicity test. Compound 4 showed the maximum anticonvulsant activity against the maximal electroshock test (ED50=26.4, PI =3.2) and against the subcutaneous pentylenetetrazol test (ED50=40.2, PI =2.1). Conclusion: Possible structure-activity relationship was discussed.

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Efek Ekstrak Etanol Kulit Petai (Parkia speciosa Hassk) Terhadap Penurunan Kadar Glukosa Darah Mencit Jantan

Jurnal Katalisator ◽

10.22216/jk.v3i1.2178 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

Verawaty Verawaty ◽

Dhea Claudia Novel

Keyword(s):

Blood Glucose ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Negative Control Group ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Control Group ◽

Male Mice ◽

Glucose Levels ◽

The Third ◽

Blood Glucose Levels

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat pengaruh pemberian ekstrak etanol kulit petai (Parkia speciosa Hassk) terhadap penurunan kadar glukosa darah mencit jantan yang diinduksi aloksan. Hewan percobaan dibagi atas 5 kelompok diantaranya kelompok kontrol negatif, kelompok kontrol positif,dosis I (280 mg/kgBB mencit), dosis II (560 mg/kg BB mencit), dosis III (840 mg/kg BB mencit). Penelitian dilakukan selama 21 hari. Persentase penurunan kadar glukosa darah mencit jantan setelah diberikan ekstrak etanol kulit petai pada hari ke-21 adalah dosis I (77,52 %) lebih besar dibandingkan dengan dosis II (69,5 %) dan dosis III (73,37 %). Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan uji Two Way Anova dengan program SPSS 17. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pemberian ekstrak etanol kulit petai untuk tiga variasi dosis menyatakan perbedaan yang bermakna secara statistik terhadap penurunan kadar glukosa darah mencit jantan.Petai (Parkia speciosa Hassk) has a compound β-sitosterol and stigmasterol that have efficacy to decreased blood glucose levels. This study aimed to determine the effect of ethanol extract of petai peel for decrease blood glucose levels of male mice induced by alloxan. Experimental animals were divided into 5 groups including negative control group, positive control group, the first dose (280 mg/kg in mice), the second dose (560 mg/kg in mice), the third dose (840 mg/kg in mice). The study was conducted for 21 days. After 21 days, the result found that the percentage of blood glucose levels after the male mice given the ethanol extract of petai peel was, the first dose (77.52%) biger than the second dose (69.5%) and the third dose (73.37%). The data obtained were analyzed by Two Way ANOVA using SPSS 17. The results showed that have signicantly difference between three dose variation of ethanol extract of petai peel in blood glucose levels.

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