The ameliorative effect of Aspergillus awamori on aflatoxin B1-induced hepatic damage in rabbits

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 363-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.H. Abdelhady ◽  
M.A. El-Abasy ◽  
S.S.E. Abou-Asa ◽  
Z.I. Elbialy ◽  
M. Shukry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Liver Damage ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Aspergillus Awamori ◽  
Phagocytic Index ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Gamma Glutamyl Transferase ◽  
Hepatic Expression ◽  
Ameliorative Effect ◽  
Glutamyl Transferase

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary supplementation of Aspergillus awamori on aflatoxin B1 (AFB1)-induced liver damage in rabbits. Administration of AFB1 (0.3 mg/kg diet) led to a significant reduction in body weight, body weight gain, total feed intake, total serum proteins, albumin, high density lipoprotein-cholesterol, phagocytic activity, phagocytic index, and the antioxidant enzyme, glutathione peroxidase (GPx). Moreover, AFB1 administration was associated with a significant increase in feed conversion ratio, lipid peroxidation and serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyl transferase, lactate dehydrogenase and total bilirubin. In addition, livers of AFB1-supplemented animals showed fatty degeneration with vacuolisation, focal areas of necrosis, mononuclear cells infiltration hyperplasia of bile ducts and sinusoids. A significant increase in the hepatic expression of the biotransformation gene (Cyp3A6), stress-sensitive genes (HO1 and SOD1), and inflammation-related genes (IL6, TNFa, NF-kB, and Cox2) was also observed. Supplementation of the diets with 0.05, 0.1 or 0.15% A. awamori ameliorated all AFB1 deleterious effects with the best improvement observed at the lowest concentration. This is the first investigation to report that supplementation of rabbit diets with A. awamori has an ameliorative effect against AFB1-induced liver damage possibly through preventing hepatic oxidative stress, promoting the antioxidant defence systems, and inhibiting expression of Cyp3A6, HO1, SOD1, IL6, TNFa, NF-kB, and Cox2. Therefore, A. awamori could be used as a potential preventive or therapeutic agent for aflatoxicosis.

Ameliorative effect of trimetazidine on cisplatin-induced hepatotoxicity in rats

2016 ◽  
Vol 94 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hayam Ateyya ◽  
Hala Yosef ◽  
Manar A. Nader
Keyword(s):  
Liver Damage ◽  
Antioxidant Defense System ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Gamma Glutamyl Transferase ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Bax Protein ◽  
Ameliorative Effect ◽  
Glutamyl Transferase ◽  
Per Oral

This study was designed to evaluate the protective effects of trimetazidine (TMZ) against cisplatin (CP) induced liver damage in rats. Animals were distributed among 4 groups as follows: control group; TMZ group (20 mg/kg body mass, per oral), which was treated for 10 days; CP group (6 mg/kg, by intraperitoneal injection), which received a single injection; and the CP + TMZ group (20 mg/kg, per oral), which received TMZ 4 days before and 6 days after CP injection. The extent of hepatic damage was studied by assessing biochemical parameters and histopathological evaluation of the extracted liver tissue. The results revealed that liver enzymes were markedly elevated after injection of CP, as evident from significant increases in the serum levels of alanine transaminase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), gamma glutamyl transferase (γ-GT), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), as well as marked changes to the liver architecture, with a significant decrease in serum levels of albumin. There were also marked changes to the antioxidant defense system, as indicated by significant decreases in total antioxidants and hepatic levels of reduced glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), together with a significant increase in lipid peroxidation. However, there was a significant increase in the activity of hepatic nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) as well as hepatic Bax protein expression. We conclude that TMZ protects against CP-induced liver damage through scavenging free radicals and anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic effects, as well as through reducing NF-κB activation.

scholarly journals Digestible methionine+cystine levels for white-egg layers aged one to six weeks

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. e74985242
Author(s):  
Jalceyr Pessoa Figueiredo Junior ◽  
Fernando Guilherme Perazzo Costa ◽  
Ricardo Romão Guerra ◽  
Marcelo Helder Medeiros Santana ◽  
Matheus Ramalho de Lima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Liver Weight ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Nutritional Requirements ◽  
Hepatic Glycogen ◽  
Gamma Glutamyl Transferase ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Histological Data ◽  
Glutamyl Transferase

The aim of this study was was to determine the nutritional requirements of digestible methionine+cystine (M+C) for white-egg layers aged one to six weeks. A completely randomized design with five methionine+cystine levels, six replicates, and 30 birds per experimental unit was adopted. Dietary treatments consisted of five diets supplemented with DL-Methionine with resulted in five levels of digestible methionine + cystine, 80% (0.516%), 90% (0.578%), 100% (0.640%), 110% (0.702%), and 120% (0.764%), based on Brazilian tables of nutritional requirements. Performance, serological blood, and histological data were evaluated. Feed intake, feed conversion, hepatic glycogen deposition, enzymatic activity of alanine aminotransferase and gamma-glutamyl transferase, and serum creatinine and albumin levels had showed a quadratic response to the levels of digestible M+C, with the respective requirements: 89.78% (0.575%), 114.33% (0.732%), 86.50% (0.554%), 100% (0.640%), 100.40% (0.643%), 104.30% (0.668%), and 111.88% (0.716%). Increasing levels of methionine+cystine elevated the relative liver weight and the deposition of hepatic glycogen, in addition to promote higher growth in pullets, with better body weight and body weight gain and feed conversion ratio. Our findings suggest that 0.732% digestible methionine+cystine is recommended, which corresponds to an intake of 151.20 mg/bird/d and a Met+Cys:Lys  ratio 83%, for light pullets from one to six weeks.

scholarly journals PROTECTIVE ROLE AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF AQUEOUS EXTRACT OF ROSMARINUS OFFICINALIS AGAINST TRICHLOROACETATE-INDUCED TOXICITY IN LIVER OF MALE RATS

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 420
Author(s):  
Medhat Mostafa Abozid ◽  
Hoda Ea Farid
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Liver Damage ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Rosmarinus Officinalis ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Gamma Glutamyl Transferase ◽  
Group I ◽  
Glutamyl Transferase

 Objective: The current study was designed to estimate the potential protective role of the aqueous extract of rosemary (AER) (Rosmarinus officinalis) against trichloroacetic acid (TCA)-created hepatotoxicity in male albino rats.Methods: Forty male albino rats were separated into four groups of ten: Group I served as control; Group II was given AER (200 mg/kg/day) by gavage; Group III received TCA at the dose 50 mg/kg/day, and Group V was treated with AER (200 mg/kg/day) and received TCA (50 mg/kg/day). The experiment was carried out for 2 months.Results: The toxicity of TCA for rats was revealed by an elevation in liver marker enzymes activities (gamma-glutamyl transferase [GGT], alkaline phosphatase [ALP], aspartate transaminase [AST], alanine aminotransferase [ALT]) and conjugated bilirubin (CB) level, and a decrease in albumin and total protein (TP) levels. The TCA administration also caused a significant increase in the activities of catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), and also malondialdehyde (MDA) level in liver tissues. These biochemical effects were accompanied by histological indicators of liver damage. Treatment with ARE recovered the liver damage instigated by TCA, as showed by perfection of liver enzyme markers (GGT, ALT, AST, ALP), CB, TP and albumin; as well as antioxidant parameters (CAT, SOD, GPx) and lipid peroxidation (MDA) and amelioration of histopathology changes in the liver tissues.Conclusion: It could be concluded that AER supplementation for 2 months in TCA-induced toxicity in rats benefited hepatic antioxidant status and improved liver injury and damage in male albino rats exposed to TCA.

scholarly journals Serum Levels of Glutamate-Pyruvate Transaminase, Glutamate-Oxaloacetate Transaminase and Gamma-Glutamyl Transferase in 1494 Patients with Various Genotypes for the Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Gene

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 3923
Author(s):  
José María Hernández Pérez ◽  
Ignacio Blanco ◽  
Agustín Jesús Sánchez Medina ◽  
Laura Díaz Hernández ◽  
José Antonio Pérez Pérez
Keyword(s):  
Liver Damage ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Gamma Glutamyl Transferase ◽  
Glutamate Oxaloacetate Transaminase ◽  
Glutamate Pyruvate Transaminase ◽  
Gamma Glutamyl ◽  
Glutamate Pyruvate ◽  
Alpha 1 Antitrypsin ◽  
Glutamyl Transferase ◽  
Normal Genotype

Background: Patients with liver disease associated with alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) are homozygous for the Z mutation, leading to chronic liver damage. Objective: To assess the serum levels of glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT), glutamate-pyruvate transaminase (GPT), and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) in patients with different genotypes for the alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT) gene. Methods: Patients (n = 1494) underwent genotyping of the SERPINA1 gene, together with a determination of AAT and GOT and GPT and GGT transaminase levels. Patients with a deficient allele (n = 476) and with a normal genotype were compared. Results: A statistically significant association was found between deficient genotypes and GOT (p < 0.0003), GPT (p < 0.002), and GGT (p < 0.006). Comparing GOT levels in patients with PI*Z deficient variant versus those with normal genotype, an odds ratio (OR) of 2.72 (CI: 1.5–4.87) (p < 0.0005) was obtained. This finding was replicated with the PI*Z allele and the GPT values (OR = 2.31; CI: 1.45–3.67; p < 0.0003). In addition, a statistically significant association was found between liver enzymes and AAT values. Conclusion: The PI*Z allele seemed to be a risk factor for the development of liver damage. AAT deficient genotypes were associated with GOT, GPT, and GGT altered values. Low AAT levels were associated with high GPT and GGT levels.

scholarly journals Effects of change in body weight on serum aminotransferase and gamma-glutamyl transferase levels.

Sangyo Igaku ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-37
Author(s):  
Yutaka TAKASHIMA ◽  
Takashi AKAMATSU ◽  
Yasuhide ORIDO ◽  
Takaaki KINOUE
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Gamma Glutamyl Transferase ◽  
Serum Aminotransferase ◽  
Gamma Glutamyl ◽  
Glutamyl Transferase

scholarly journals Determination of Biochemical and Histological Parameters of Alcohol Administration in Wistar Rats

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
O. G. Dawodu ◽  
O. A. T. Ebuehi ◽  
O. S. Odesanmi ◽  
M. O. Olalekan
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Water Intake ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Ethanol Administration ◽  
Gamma Glutamyl Transferase ◽  
Alcohol Administration ◽  
Gamma Glutamyl ◽  
Alanine Amino Transferase ◽  
Glutamyl Transferase

Animal model development of alcohol administration in rats is of crucial importance as it gives indirect information to effects of alcohol in humans. An indirect assessment of this would be the biochemical and histological data that could arise from such experiments. 20 Male Wistar rats weighing (63.50±3.79 g), were divided into four groups (consisting 15 treated animals and 5 control animals) and administered with varying concentrations of ethanol (5% 15% and 40%) via intragastric intubation for a period of 28 days. Probic evaluations, liver biochemical enzymes and alteration in histology profile of gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and viscera organs (namely the liver, kidney, heart and lungs) were determined after experimental duration. At 40% ethanol administration, the rats showed biochemically significant decrease in serum gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT), serum aspartate (AST) and Alanine amino transferase (ALT) when compared to normal study while 5% and 15% ethanol administered rats were comparable with control values i.e. normal study. Probic evaluations such as body weight, water intake and food intake showed percentage decrease in 40% ethanol administrated rat when compared with controls. The photomicrographs of the 5% and 15% ethanol administered rats indicated mild damage in their histological profiles when compared to the normal study while there was more adverse damage occurring in the 40% ethanol administrated rats. Conclusion: From this study, serum aspartate (AST), gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT) and Alanine amino transferase (ALT), probic evaluation (body weight, food intake and water intake) coupled with histopathological investigation may be used as biomarker for the early diagnosis of ethanol toxicity in human beings.

Toxicological implications of aqueous extract of Bambusa vulgaris leaves in pregnant Dutch rabbits

2009 ◽  
Vol 28 (9) ◽  
pp. 591-598 ◽  
Author(s):  
MT Yakubu ◽  
BB Bukoye ◽  
AT Oladiji ◽  
MA Akanji
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Exposure Period ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Total Protein Content ◽  
Central Vein ◽  
Gamma Glutamyl Transferase ◽  
Bambusa Vulgaris ◽  
Glutamyl Transferase

Aqueous extract of Bambusa vulgaris L. leaves at 250 and 500 mg/kg body weight was investigated for toxic effects in pregnant rabbits. Apparently healthy, female rabbits (Dutch) weighing between 1.62 and 1.70 kg as previously used in our abortifacient study were paired overnight with male rabbits in ratio 2:1 and those that became pregnant were completely randomized into three groups (A-C). Group A (the control), received orally 1.85 mL/kg body weight (3 mL) of distilled water thrice daily on days 1-9 of pregnancy while groups B and C were treated orally with the same volume corresponding to 250 and 500 mg/kg body weight of the extract. Clinical signs of toxicity were not observed in all the animals during the study. The extract did not significantly alter (p > .05) the serum follicle stimulating hormone and total protein content of the pregnant rabbits throughout the exposure period whereas, the concentrations of luteinizing hormone, progesterone, albumin, globulin, urea and calcium decreased in the serum of the rabbits. At 250 mg/kg body weight, the extract increased kidney alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity whereas at 500 mg/kg body weight of the extract, the ALP level was similar to the control group. Liver ALP at all doses, as well as the activity of gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT) at 500 mg/kg body weight was reduced. This reduction was accompanied by an increase in serum ALP and GGT at these doses. At 250 mg/kg, the extract increased kidney GGT. Conversely, at 500 mg/ kg, kidney GGT activity decreased. Liver and serum GGT were not altered by the 250 mg/kg. The extract also increased the serum levels of creatinine, uric acid, sodium, potassium and bicarbonate ions as well as total and conjugated bilirubin. In the hepatocytes of extract-treated animals, there was no evidence of necrosis, inflammation, fibrosis and degenerative changes in the central vein and radiating hepatic cords, while the glomerulus and the tubules of the nephrons also remained intact. The alterations in biochemical parameters by the aqueous extract of B. vulgaris leaves suggests adverse effect on the synthetic, secretory, reabsorptive and excretory functions of liver and kidney of the animals. Therefore, the absence of histopathological lesions in the hepatocytes and nephrons implies that histopathological changes are not a sensitive assay for the assessment of tissue damage by the extract.

scholarly journals Hepatoprotective Effects of Chinese Medicine Herbs Decoction on Liver Cirrhosis in Rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nor Aziyah Mat-Rahim ◽  
Tong-Hye Lim ◽  
Nur-Asyura Nor-Amdan ◽  
Sazaly AbuBakar
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Liver Cirrhosis ◽  
Liver Enzymes ◽  
Normal Liver ◽  
Cirrhotic Liver ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Gamma Glutamyl Transferase ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Glutamyl Transferase

Hepatoprotective and curative activities of aqueous extract of decoction containing 10 Chinese medicinal herbs (HPE-XA-08) were evaluated in Sprague–Dawley albino rats with liver damage induced by thioacetamide (TAA). These activities were assessed by investigating the liver enzymes level and also histopathology investigation. Increases in alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) levels were observed in rats with cirrhotic liver. No significant alterations of the liver enzymes were observed following treatment with HPE-XA-08. Histopathology examination of rats treated with HPE-XA-08 at 250 mg/kg body weight, however, exhibited moderate liver protective effects. Reduced extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins within the hepatocytes were noted in comparison to the cirrhotic liver. The curative effects of HPE-XA-08 were observed with marked decrease in the level of ALP (more than 3x) and level of GGT (more than 2x) in cirrhotic rat treated with 600 mg/kg body weight HPE-XA-08 in comparison to cirrhotic rat treated with just water diluent. Reversion of cirrhotic liver to normal liver condition in rats treated with HPE-XA-08 was observed. Results from the present study suggest that HPE-XA-08 treatment assisted in the protection from liver cirrhosis and improved the recovery of cirrhotic liver.

scholarly journals In vivo induction of hepatocellular carcinoma by diethylnitrosoamine and pharmacological intervention in Balb C mice using Bergenia ciliata extracts

2019 ◽  
Vol 79 (4) ◽  
pp. 629-638 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. K. Dar ◽  
S. Ali ◽  
M. Ejaz ◽  
S. Nasreen ◽  
N. Ashraf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Lactate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Plant Extract ◽  
Alanine Aminotransferase ◽  
Gamma Glutamyl Transferase ◽  
Alpha Feto Protein ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Glutamyl Transferase ◽  
Glucose 6 Phosphate Dehydrogenase

Abstract Background Hepatocellular carcinoma is the most frequent primary malignancy of liver and accounts for as many as one million deaths worldwide in a year. Objectives The aim of the present study was to evaluate the anti-cancerous efficiency of Bergenia ciliata rhizome against diethylnitrosoamine induced hepatocarcinogenesis in Balb C mice. Methods One percent diethylnitrosoamine was prepared by using 99 ml of normal saline NaCl (0.9 percent) solution to which was added 1 ml of concentrated diethylnitrosoamine (DEN) solution (0.01 μg/μl). Extract of Bergenia ciliata was prepared by maceration technique. Mice were classified into four groups as follows: Group 1 a control group (N=7) received saline solution (3.5 μl/mg), group 2 (N=14) received diethylnitrosoamine (3.5 μl/mg) intraperitoneally once in a week for eight consecutive weeks, group 3 (N=7) received plant extract (150 mg/kg (Body weight)) once in a week, while group 4 (N=7) was given combination of diethylnitrosoamine (3.5 μl/mg) and plant extract (150 mg/kg (Body weight)). After eight weeks of DEN induction group 2 mice were divided into two subgroups containing seven mice each, subgroup 1 was sacrificed while subgroup 2 was treated with plant extract (150 mg/kg (Body weight)) once in a week for eight consecutive weeks. Results The model of DEN injected hepatocellular carcinomic (HCC) mice elicited significant decline in levels of albumin with concomitant significant elevations in tumor markers aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), alpha feto protein (AFP), gamma glutamyl transferase (Y-GT), 5 nucleotidase (5NT), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) and bilirubin. The intraperitoneal administration of B. ciliata as a protective agent, produced significant increase in albumin levels with significant decrease in the levels of tumor markers aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), alpha feto protein (AFP), gamma glutamyl transferase (Y-GT), 5 nucleotidase (5NT), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) and bilirubin. Conclusion Bergenia ciliata has potent antioxidant activity, radical scavenging capacity and anticancerous properties. Bergenia ciliata extracts may provide a basis for development of anti-cancerous drug.

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