scholarly journals Hepatoprotective Effects of Chinese Medicine Herbs Decoction on Liver Cirrhosis in Rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nor Aziyah Mat-Rahim ◽  
Tong-Hye Lim ◽  
Nur-Asyura Nor-Amdan ◽  
Sazaly AbuBakar
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Liver Cirrhosis ◽  
Liver Enzymes ◽  
Normal Liver ◽  
Cirrhotic Liver ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Gamma Glutamyl Transferase ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Glutamyl Transferase

Hepatoprotective and curative activities of aqueous extract of decoction containing 10 Chinese medicinal herbs (HPE-XA-08) were evaluated in Sprague–Dawley albino rats with liver damage induced by thioacetamide (TAA). These activities were assessed by investigating the liver enzymes level and also histopathology investigation. Increases in alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) levels were observed in rats with cirrhotic liver. No significant alterations of the liver enzymes were observed following treatment with HPE-XA-08. Histopathology examination of rats treated with HPE-XA-08 at 250 mg/kg body weight, however, exhibited moderate liver protective effects. Reduced extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins within the hepatocytes were noted in comparison to the cirrhotic liver. The curative effects of HPE-XA-08 were observed with marked decrease in the level of ALP (more than 3x) and level of GGT (more than 2x) in cirrhotic rat treated with 600 mg/kg body weight HPE-XA-08 in comparison to cirrhotic rat treated with just water diluent. Reversion of cirrhotic liver to normal liver condition in rats treated with HPE-XA-08 was observed. Results from the present study suggest that HPE-XA-08 treatment assisted in the protection from liver cirrhosis and improved the recovery of cirrhotic liver.

scholarly journals Effect of Selenium Nanoparticles on Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Hepatotoxicity in the Swiss Albino Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 3044
Author(s):  
Hossam Ebaid ◽  
Jameel Al-Tamimi ◽  
Iftekhar Hassan ◽  
Mohamed A. Habila ◽  
Ahmed M. Rady ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Liver Function ◽  
Liquid Paraffin ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Selenium Nanoparticles ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Gamma Glutamyl Transferase ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Liver Histopathology ◽  
Glutamyl Transferase

Background: This study investigated selenium nanoparticles’ protective effects (SE-NPs) against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced hepatic injury in rats. Methods: Rats were divided into four groups (n = 8). Group 1 rats received the vehicle solution only. Group 2 received a single intraperitoneal injection of 1 mL/kg CCl4 in liquid paraffin (1:1 v/v). Group 3 was treated with SE-NPs (2.5 mg/kg) twice a week for three weeks before receiving CCl4 challenge. Oxidative stress, liver function, liver histopathology and serum lipid levels were evaluated. Results: Plasma concentrations of aspartate transaminase (AST), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), urea, creatinine, malondialdehyde (MDA) and the toxicity marker, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), were significantly elevated in rats treated with CCl4 compared to the controls. CCl4 also caused a significant decline in liver glutathione (GSH) concentration. SE-NP pretreatment significantly improved the level of AST, urea, creatinine, MDA, LDH, and GSH in the CCl4-injected rats towards the control levels. Conclusions: SE-NPs restored both liver function and hepatic structure in CCl4 treated rats. SE-NPs exhibit an ability to counter markers of liver injury induced by CCl4 and restore oxidative stability to lipid profiles and liver structure and function.

scholarly journals Hepatoprotective and Reno-protective Effects of Artichoke Leaf Extract and Rosemary Extract against Paracetamol Induced Toxicity in Albino Rats

2020 ◽  
pp. 67-81
Author(s):  
Eman Aly Sadeek Fadlalla ◽  
Sahar Mousa Galal
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Rosemary Extract ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Gamma Glutamyl Transferase ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Glutamyl Transferase ◽  
Artichoke Leaf Extract

Background: Paracetamol overdose is a predominant cause of hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity in both humans and experimental animals. There is an emerging focus on plant products to find a highly effective and reliable drug for the prevention of paracetamol –induced toxicity. Objective: In this study, we investigated the Hepatoprotective and Reno-protective Effects of artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.) Leaf extract and rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) extract against paracetamol Induced toxicity in Albino Rats. Materials and Methods: Rats were divided into five groups: Negative control, paracetamol (1000 mg/kg dose) PCT, artichoke leaf extract “ALE” (1.5  g/kg, orally + paracetamol for 30 d), rosemary extract “RE” (125  mg/kg + paracetamol for 30 days) and the last group was treated with PCT+ ALE+ RE for 30 days. Results: Paracetamol caused marked liver damage as noted by significant increased activities of serum aminotransferases, alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyl transferase and lactate dehydrogenase. Paracetamol also raised serum levels of urea, creatinine, and Cystatin-C. In addition, there was a significant decrease in serum total protein and albumin. Paracetamol caused an elevation in lipid peroxidation paralleled with significant decline in reduced glutathione (GSH) level and activities of glutathione-S- transferase (GST), glutathione (GPX) peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the liver and kidney. These results are confirmed in the histological examination of the liver and kidney. Conclusion: Treatment with artichoke leaf extract (ALE) and rosemary extract (RE) produced a potential protection of the liver and kidney against biochemical and histological alterations and oxidative stress induced by paracetamol.

Effect of aqueous extract of Gangronema latifolium (G. latifolium) (Utazi) on n-acetyl-para-aminophenol (acetaminophen) - induced hepatic injury on Wistar albino rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-125
Author(s):  
Godwin Delight Chigamezu ◽  
Wilfred Obaalologhi ◽  
Okure Victoria
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Oral Dosage ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Gamma Glutamyl Transferase ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats ◽  
Glutamyl Transferase

The present study investigated the effect of leaf extract of Gangronema latifolium (G. latifolium) on acetaminophen (APAP) - induced liver injury in Wistar albino rats. In this study, sixty (60) male Wistar albino rats were divided into five (5) groups of twelve (12) rats each. Animals in group 1 served as control group and received a placebo of 0.9% saline solution. Group 2 served as APAP control group, administered with 800 mg/kg body weight of APAP only. Groups 3, 4 and 5 served as the experimental groups and received oral dosage of 800 mg/kg body weight of APAP plus 150 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg and 250 mg/kg body weight of G. latifolium respectively. The results showed that the enzymatic activities of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) in the serum were decreased significantly (p ≤ 0.05) in the experimental groups dosed with 150 mg/kg, 200mg/kg and 250 mg/kg of G. latifolium respectively. For 150 mg/kg G. latifolium treated group, ALT decreased from 23.3 ± 7.31 to 9.00 ± 1.52 IU/L, while AST and ALP decreased from 17.6 ± 2.66 to 15.00 ± 1.00 IU/L and 92.8 ± 2.34 to 83.8 ± 7.94 IU/L respectively. In conclusion, the results showed that aqueous extract of G. latifolium has a protective effect on rat liver induced with APAP injury.

scholarly journals Effect of nanopolysaccharide (BSEPS) from Bacillus subtilis sp. on thioacetamide-induced liver fibrosis in rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Manal G. Mahmoud ◽  
Mohsen S. Asker ◽  
Mohamed E. El Awady ◽  
Amal I. Hassan ◽  
Nadia A. R. Zaharan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Liver Fibrosis ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor Beta ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Periodate Oxidation ◽  
Hepatic Tissue ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Gamma Glutamyl Transferase ◽  
Glutamyl Transferase ◽  
Tgf Β1

Abstract Background Nanomedicine contributes to the efficiency of pharmacological treatments and progresses rapidly. The present study was designed to produce exopolysaccharide (BSEPS) from Bacillus subtilis sp. strain reported in our previous study was further characterized, and its BSEPS for synthesis of the nanoparticle Ag-BSEPS using microwave heating to determine the possible effects of a prepared solution containing Ag-BSEPS versus thioacetamide (TAA) evoked liver fibrosis in Wister albino rats. Nanoparticles with silver (Ag) core have been synthesized in an aqueous solution after exposure of BSEPS to periodate oxidation. Animals were split into four groups: I - control rats, water ad libitum for 6 weeks; II - rats were injected with TAA 200 mg/kg-1 3 times/week for 4 weeks IP; III - Ag-BSEPS 100 mg/kg-1 IP twice a week for 6 weeks; and IV - TAA, as group II followed by Ag-BSEPS as group III. The antifibrotic effects of Ag-BSEPS were appraised by determining different hepatotoxicity indices, oxidative stress, and inflammatory and liver fibrosis markers. Results Nanoparticles were obtained with a diameter size range of 50–100 nm characterized by SEM and TEM without using any harmful reagents. Results evinced considerably reduced activity of liver functions such as transaminases (AST, ALT), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in the group which received TAA followed by Ag-BSEPS compared to the other group which received only TAA. In the current results, the administration of Ag-BSEPS showed an improvement in the proinflammatory cytokines. On the contrary, the antioxidant enzymes in liver homogenates revealed significant improvement (concentration of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) increases) in animals with TAA-induced liver damage followed by Ag-BSEPS. Moreover, the activities of the fibrotic markers transforming growth factor-beta 1(TGF-β1) and type III pro-collagen (PCIII) were increased in liver tissues in the group which was given TAA alone as compared to the controls. The percentage of fibrosis of hepatic tissue had a positive correlation with the levels of PCIII and TGF-β1, followed by Ag-BSEPS compared to the TAA group without nanocomposite treatment. Microscopic examinations revealed inhibitory effects of Ag-BSEPS on inflammatory changes and deterrent of liver fibrosis. Conclusion It was suggested that the biochemical and histological amelioration observed in Ag-BSEPS (100 mg/kg-1 twice a week for 6 weeks) treated the fibrotic rats.

scholarly journals Digestible methionine+cystine levels for white-egg layers aged one to six weeks

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. e74985242
Author(s):  
Jalceyr Pessoa Figueiredo Junior ◽  
Fernando Guilherme Perazzo Costa ◽  
Ricardo Romão Guerra ◽  
Marcelo Helder Medeiros Santana ◽  
Matheus Ramalho de Lima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Liver Weight ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Nutritional Requirements ◽  
Hepatic Glycogen ◽  
Gamma Glutamyl Transferase ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Histological Data ◽  
Glutamyl Transferase

The aim of this study was was to determine the nutritional requirements of digestible methionine+cystine (M+C) for white-egg layers aged one to six weeks. A completely randomized design with five methionine+cystine levels, six replicates, and 30 birds per experimental unit was adopted. Dietary treatments consisted of five diets supplemented with DL-Methionine with resulted in five levels of digestible methionine + cystine, 80% (0.516%), 90% (0.578%), 100% (0.640%), 110% (0.702%), and 120% (0.764%), based on Brazilian tables of nutritional requirements. Performance, serological blood, and histological data were evaluated. Feed intake, feed conversion, hepatic glycogen deposition, enzymatic activity of alanine aminotransferase and gamma-glutamyl transferase, and serum creatinine and albumin levels had showed a quadratic response to the levels of digestible M+C, with the respective requirements: 89.78% (0.575%), 114.33% (0.732%), 86.50% (0.554%), 100% (0.640%), 100.40% (0.643%), 104.30% (0.668%), and 111.88% (0.716%). Increasing levels of methionine+cystine elevated the relative liver weight and the deposition of hepatic glycogen, in addition to promote higher growth in pullets, with better body weight and body weight gain and feed conversion ratio. Our findings suggest that 0.732% digestible methionine+cystine is recommended, which corresponds to an intake of 151.20 mg/bird/d and a Met+Cys:Lys  ratio 83%, for light pullets from one to six weeks.

scholarly journals Correlation of Gamma Glutamyl Transferase with Traditional Risk Markers of Cardiovascular Disease in Different Obesity Phenotypes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amit Kumar Meena ◽  
Sonali Sharma ◽  
Barkha Gupta ◽  
Asrar Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Liver Enzymes ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Gamma Glutamyl Transferase ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Gamma Glutamyl ◽  
Glutamyl Transferase

Introduction: The increased prevalence of overweight, obesity, and metabolic syndrome has revealed that liver enzymes have a potential role as determinants of metabolic conditions such as, hyperlipidemia, and Cardiovascular Disease (CVD). Aim: The study aimed to investigate the correlation between liver enzymes with anthropometric indices of obesity and lipid profile in different obese phenotypes at a tertiary care. Materials and Methods: The present observational study was conducted on a total of 180 obese participants of either gender in the age group 18-59 years from December 2018 to May 2019. These were further divided into two phenotypic groups viz., Metabolically Healthy Obese (MHO group; n=90) and Metabolically Unhealthy Obese (MUHO group; n=90) according to NCEP ATP III criteria.Traditional cardiovascular risk factors were evaluated in the study participants through anthropometric viz., Body Mass Index (BMI), Waist Circumference (WC), Hip Circumference (HC), waist–hip ratio (WHR), blood pressure and biochemical investigations i.e., serum glucose, lipid profile and liver enzymes. Data was analysed by using Microsoft excel software. Results: Among 180 obese participants, 76 were males and 104 females with mean age 40.42±10.84 years. In MUHO phenotype, Gamma Glutamyl Transferase (GGT) showed a strong positive correlation with BMI (r=0.413, p=0.00001), lipid parameters viz., LDL-C (r=0.3785, p=0.0001), TC (r=0.2953, p=0.0023), TG (r=0.2623, p=0.006) and negative correlation with HDL-C (-r=0.3167, p=0.001). No significant correlation was found in MHO phenotype between liver enzymes, BMI and lipid profile parameters. Conclusion: The results of this study indicated that GGT shows a strong positive correlation with traditional risk factors in MUHO participants. Thus, raised GGT may be considered as a risk marker of CVD in MUHO phenotype.

Abstract P027: Gamma-Glutamyl Transferase is More Strongly Associated with Diabetes Risk Than Alanine and Aspartate Aminotransferase: Results from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) StudyStudy

Circulation ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 125 (suppl_10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea L Christman ◽  
Mariana Lazo ◽  
Chiadi E Ndumele ◽  
James Pankow ◽  
Josef Coresh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Aspartate Aminotransferase ◽  
Liver Enzymes ◽  
Gamma Glutamyl Transferase ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Gamma Glutamyl ◽  
Spline Models ◽  
Glutamyl Transferase ◽  
Diagnosed Diabetes

Introduction: Liver disease and diabetes often co-occur and have shared risk factors. We undertook this study to investigate which liver enzyme (alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), or gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT)) would be most strongly associated with incident diabetes in a large, community-based population. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that ALT, AST, and GGT would be independently associated with diabetes and that ALT would be most strongly associated with diabetes due to its liver specificity. Methods: We conducted a prospective analysis of 9,524 participants in the ARIC Study without diagnosed diabetes or a history of high alcohol consumption (>14 [women] and >21 [men] drinks/week). Enzymes were measured from stored plasma samples. We examined the association of sex-specific quartiles of liver enzymes with incident diagnosed diabetes using Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for demographic, lifestyle, and behavioral risk factors. Restricted cubic spline models were fit to model the continuous associations. Results: Median ALT, AST, and GGT were 13, 18, and 22 U/L, respectively. During a median follow-up of 11 years, there were 1,905 self-reported cases of diabetes. All three liver enzymes were significantly associated with diabetes, even after adjustment for all covariates (HRs (95% CIs): ALT, 1.63 (1.44, 1.85); AST, 1.23 (1.09, 1.40); GGT, 1.99 (1.71, 2.30) comparing Q4 versus Q1). The restricted cubic spline models show similar patterns (Figure). After simultaneously adjustment for the other liver enzymes, only ALT and GGT remained significantly associated with diabetes. In analyses further restricted to participants who reported never consuming alcohol only GGT remained significant. Conclusion: In this community-based population, GGT was more strongly associated with diabetes risk than ALT and AST. Although ALT and AST are considered to be more specific markers of liver disease, higher levels of GGT may be a more important risk factor for diabetes.

Anticancer Effects of Tacrolimus on Induced Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shireen Sami Mahmoud ◽  
Samia Hussein ◽  
Hayam Rashed ◽  
Eman M. A. Abdelghany ◽  
Alaa I. Ali
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Cyclin D1 ◽  
Liver Enzymes ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Nuclear Antigen ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Gamma Glutamyl Transferase ◽  
Anticancer Effects ◽  
Glutamyl Transferase

Background: Tacrolimus is a calcineurin inhibitor widely used for immunological disorders. However, there is a significant controversy regarding its effect on the liver. The present study was conducted to evaluate the anticancer effects of tacrolimus on an induced murine hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) model and its possible hepatotoxicity at standard therapeutic doses. Methods: Fifty-four male mice were divided into five groups: a control healthy group, control HCC group, tacrolimus-treated group, doxorubicin (DOXO)-treated group, and combined tacrolimus- and DOXO-treated group. The activity of liver enzymes, including alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyl transferase, lactate dehydrogenase, alanine transaminase, and aspartate transaminase, was determined. Serum vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. A quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was conducted to measure the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), Bax, and p53 mRNA. Immunohistochemical staining for cyclin D1 and VEGF was performed. Results: Mice that received combined treatment with tacrolimus and DOXO exhibited the best improvement in all parameters when compared with the groups that received DOXO or tacrolimus alone (p < 0.001). Conclusion: The combination of DOXO and tacrolimus was more effective in the management of HCC compared with either agent alone. This improvement was detected by the reduction of liver enzymes and the improvement of the histopathological picture. The involved mechanisms included significant apoptosis induction demonstrated by upregulation of bax along with a reduction in angiogenesis demonstrated by downregulation of VEGF. This was accompanied by inhibition of cell cycle progression mediated by upregulated p53 and downregulated PCNA and cyclin D1.

scholarly journals PROTECTIVE ROLE AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF AQUEOUS EXTRACT OF ROSMARINUS OFFICINALIS AGAINST TRICHLOROACETATE-INDUCED TOXICITY IN LIVER OF MALE RATS

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 420
Author(s):  
Medhat Mostafa Abozid ◽  
Hoda Ea Farid
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Liver Damage ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Rosmarinus Officinalis ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Gamma Glutamyl Transferase ◽  
Group I ◽  
Glutamyl Transferase

 Objective: The current study was designed to estimate the potential protective role of the aqueous extract of rosemary (AER) (Rosmarinus officinalis) against trichloroacetic acid (TCA)-created hepatotoxicity in male albino rats.Methods: Forty male albino rats were separated into four groups of ten: Group I served as control; Group II was given AER (200 mg/kg/day) by gavage; Group III received TCA at the dose 50 mg/kg/day, and Group V was treated with AER (200 mg/kg/day) and received TCA (50 mg/kg/day). The experiment was carried out for 2 months.Results: The toxicity of TCA for rats was revealed by an elevation in liver marker enzymes activities (gamma-glutamyl transferase [GGT], alkaline phosphatase [ALP], aspartate transaminase [AST], alanine aminotransferase [ALT]) and conjugated bilirubin (CB) level, and a decrease in albumin and total protein (TP) levels. The TCA administration also caused a significant increase in the activities of catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), and also malondialdehyde (MDA) level in liver tissues. These biochemical effects were accompanied by histological indicators of liver damage. Treatment with ARE recovered the liver damage instigated by TCA, as showed by perfection of liver enzyme markers (GGT, ALT, AST, ALP), CB, TP and albumin; as well as antioxidant parameters (CAT, SOD, GPx) and lipid peroxidation (MDA) and amelioration of histopathology changes in the liver tissues.Conclusion: It could be concluded that AER supplementation for 2 months in TCA-induced toxicity in rats benefited hepatic antioxidant status and improved liver injury and damage in male albino rats exposed to TCA.

scholarly journals Influence of GABA and GABA-producing Lactobacillus brevis DPC 6108 on the development of diabetes in a streptozotocin rat model

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 409-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.M. Marques ◽  
E. Patterson ◽  
R. Wall ◽  
O. O’Sullivan ◽  
G.F. Fitzgerald ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Lactobacillus Brevis ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Metabolic Markers ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Intestinal Length ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats

The aim of this study was to investigate if dietary administration of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-producing Lactobacillus brevis DPC 6108 and pure GABA exert protective effects against the development of diabetes in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic Sprague Dawley rats. In a first experiment, healthy rats were divided in 3 groups (n=10/group) receiving placebo, 2.6 mg/kg body weight (bw) pure GABA or L. brevis DPC 6108 (~109microorganisms). In a second experiment, rats (n=15/group) were randomised to five groups and four of these received an injection of STZ to induce type 1 diabetes. Diabetic and non-diabetic controls received placebo [4% (w/v) yeast extract in dH2O], while the other three diabetic groups received one of the following dietary supplements: 2.6 mg/kg bw GABA (low GABA), 200 mg/kg bw GABA (high GABA) or ~109 L. brevis DPC 6108. L. brevis DPC 6108 supplementation was associated with increased serum insulin levels (P<0.05), but did not alter other metabolic markers in healthy rats. Diabetes induced by STZ injection decreased body weight (P<0.05), increased intestinal length (P<0.05) and stimulated water and food intake. Insulin was decreased (P<0.05), whereas glucose was increased (P<0.001) in all diabetic groups, compared with non-diabetic controls. A decrease (P<0.01) in glucose levels was observed in diabetic rats receiving L. brevis DPC 6108, compared with diabetic-controls. Both the composition and diversity of the intestinal microbiota were affected by diabetes. Microbial diversity in diabetic rats supplemented with low GABA was not reduced (P>0.05), compared with non-diabetic controls while all other diabetic groups displayed reduced diversity (P<0.05). L. brevis DPC 6108 attenuated hyperglycaemia induced by diabetes but additional studies are needed to understand the mechanisms involved in this reduction.

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