COVID-19 and Its Employment Dimension in the Tourism Sector

2021 ◽  
pp. 520-538
Author(s):  
Derya Alimanoğlu Yemişci ◽  
Barış Öztuna
Keyword(s):  
Global Health ◽  
Foreign Exchange ◽  
Foreign Exchange Reserves ◽  
Travel And Tourism ◽  
Tourism Sector ◽  
The World ◽  
Travel Restrictions ◽  
International Demand ◽  
National Economies ◽  
Global Travel

With its labor-intensive nature, the tourism sector is critically important for providing employment volume and foreign exchange reserves in the national economies. The tourism sector is influenced by the events such as economic crises, wars, and epidemics faster than other sectors. The world is facing an unprecedented global health, social, and economic emergency as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. Travel and tourism are one the most impacted sectors with a great amount of decline of international demand amid global travel restrictions to constrain the virus. In this study, first of all, the literature on the effect of the COVID-19 virus on the workforce in the tourism sector was included. It identified the impacts of technology on the tourism sector with the pandemic, and suggestions for the future of employment in the tourism sector were presented.

scholarly journals Addressing the effect of COVID19 pandemic on the Tourism Industry in Haridwar and Dehradun Districts of Uttarakhand, India

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 48-55
Author(s):  
Ashish Kumar ◽  
Ajay Bhardwaj ◽  
Umakant Indolia
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
North India ◽  
Strong Response ◽  
Travel And Tourism ◽  
Tourism Sector ◽  
The World ◽  
World Economic ◽  
Tourism And Hospitality ◽  
Global Travel

The World Travel and Tourism Council has said “The coronavirus COVID19 epidemic is putting up to 50 million jobs in the global travel and tourism sector at risk, with travel likely to slump by a quarter this year, Asia being the most affected continent”. The predictions being flashed by the world economic forum about the travel & tourism industry is also reflected in North India tourism industry. Hence, the study aimed to address and evaluate the effect of COVID19 on Uttarakhand tourism, especially, on the site of Haridwar and Dehradun as they are the entry to the gateway of Major Char Dham Yatra of Himalaya, and where all India tourists arrive since centuries. The prime focus of the study was to review and investigate the people's reaction towards the pandemic situation and how it had affected the working as well as livelihood of people associated with Tourism and hospitality in this region of Uttarakhand. The study did a online survey through self-prepared 20 questions questionnaire.  The study indicates before and COVID19 pandemic affected nearly 60% respondents for their professional working and many were affected with payment schedules. The majority of the respondents (78.4%) were very much positive and had faith for the bright future besides happy to spend time with family. In addition, the study showed a strong response from participants for the need of the change in the service of the tourism industry indicating a change for its survival with the present threat possibly through finding solutions such as local tourism, spiritual collective effort and support. 

scholarly journals Framework for Sustainable Recovery of Tourism in Protected Areas

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 2798
Author(s):  
Hasita Bhammar ◽  
Wendy Li ◽  
Christel Maria Moller Molina ◽  
Valerie Hickey ◽  
Jo Pendry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Protected Areas ◽  
Foreign Exchange ◽  
Local Development ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Travel And Tourism ◽  
Socio Economic Development ◽  
Travel Restrictions ◽  
Sustainable Recovery ◽  
Global Travel

Tourism in protected areas was a fast-growing segment within the global travel and tourism industry prior to the economic fallout from the COVID-19 pandemic. As a development pathway, tourism generated foreign exchange for countries endowed with natural assets (protected areas, pristine landscapes, forests, oceans, wildlife), contributed to conservation revenues, and provided local development benefits for communities. However, the spread of COVID-19 and its associated travel restrictions severely impacted this sector. In this review, we describe the main challenges preventing the sector from achieving its development potential. We propose a framework to steer tourism in protected areas as a green recovery initiative, so that it may rebound sustainably and continue to support biodiversity conservation and socio-economic development.

Impact of Covid-19 on Tourism Sector in Nepal.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamal Prasad Panthhe ◽  
C N Kokate
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Foreign Exchange ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Policy Recommendations ◽  
Total Employment ◽  
Global Impact ◽  
Travel And Tourism ◽  
Tourism Sector ◽  
The Government ◽  
Tourism Economy

Tourism is an important source of foreign exchange earnings for the government and contributes to the livelihood of millions in developing countries. The purpose of this paper is to explore and illuminate the preliminary impacts of COVID-19 in tourism sector in Nepal and further the paper puts forward policy recommendations for government to avert the worst effects and facilitate recovery. In Nepal, the travel and tourism sector contributes to 8 percent of GDP, 6.7 percent of total employment, and it generates 6 percent of the total foreign exchange earnings. Nepal Tourism Board estimates that loss of 85.2 billion USD monthly from tourism sector only and three in five employees lost their jobs due to COVID-19 in Nepal. The “Visit Nepal 2020” campaign had cancelled which aimed to attract 2 million tourists in the country this year. Tourism sector has already suffered a huge loss, and it is going to take quite to restore. The government should form special task force to create economic response package that will support Nepalese, their job, their businesses from the global impact of COVID-19, and to ready the economy to recover.Keywords: Covid-19, Tourism, Economy, Nepal.

Costa Rica faces economic shock in 2020

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
World Bank ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
Tourism Sector ◽  
The World ◽  
Domestic Tourism ◽  
Travel Restrictions ◽  
Economic Shock

Subject COVID-19 impact. Significance Costa Rica entered a nationwide lockdown on March 16, as part of government efforts to identify and contain the spread of COVID-19. This lockdown has heavily disrupted economic activity, with non-essential businesses closing and the lucrative tourism sector effectively ceasing to operate. With no end to the crisis in sight, the country is headed for a sharp economic contraction in 2020. Impacts Weak pandemic control measures in Nicaragua will see more Nicaraguans enter Costa Rica illegally. Costa Rica is likely to look to the World Bank for financing support. Domestic tourism will recover before international tourism does once internal travel restrictions are eased, providing some relief.

scholarly journals Indonesian Monetary Regulation Regarding Chinese Electronic Payment in Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-60
Author(s):  
Claudia Mulyawan ◽  
Emmy Latifah
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Exchange ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Electronic Payment ◽  
Foreign Exchange Reserves ◽  
Legal Research ◽  
Electronic Money ◽  
Private Company ◽  
State Budget ◽  
Tourism Sector ◽  
Chinese Tourists

This article aims to analyze and find the answer on how the regulation for transaction activities deals with electronic money by Chinese tourists in Indonesia, especially in Bali, as well as to analyze the effect on using WeChat Pay and Alipay payment in tourism sector. This legal research is using normative research method. It is concluded that Chinese electronic payment platform WeChat Pay and Alipay by Chinese tourists for doing payment transactions in Bali has not been explicitly regulated in Indonesia because those providers have not fulfilled any requirements and standards from Indonesian Central Bank (Bank Indonesia) and have not obtained any Indonesian legal status as a private company. Transactions using Chinese electronic also have impact for the country’s foreign exchange reserves. Foreign exchange reserves is one of the important aspect in deciding the value of state budget (APBN) that is also influenced by foreign exchange reserves from tourism sector.

scholarly journals Has COVID-19 brought a temporary halt to overtourism?

Turyzm ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-93
Author(s):  
Pinaz Tiwari ◽  
Nimit Chowdhary
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Research Note ◽  
Tourism Sector ◽  
The World ◽  
Travel Restrictions ◽  
Responsible Behaviour ◽  
New Phase ◽  
Current Practices

COVID-19 has caused radical changes in the lives of people as well as economies. These changes are deemed as evolutionary and would bring a new phase of transformation. However, current practices of both people and businesses might cease once the crisis disappears. In the tourism context, going back to unsustainable and irresponsible practices would lead to the re-emergence of tourism aversion. This research note addresses the possibility that COVID-19 has only brought a temporary halt to the pre-existing issue of over-tourism and its related unsustainable practices. Even though the travel restrictions imposed by several countries amidst the spread of coronavirus have created a situation of “zero tourism”, the tourism sector has now resumed its operations in most of the world. By presenting a conceptual framework, this note stresses that if the sector continues to act in the same way as before the virus, the situation of overtourism will re-emerge in the post-COVID-19 phase. Therefore, to prevent this issue, emphasising quality tourism, inculcating responsible behaviour, and the incorporation of technology are suggested.

scholarly journals GOLD IN UKRAINE: INVESTMENT OR BUSINESS. MODERN VIEW

2020 ◽  
Vol 1(13) ◽  
pp. 191-197
Author(s):  
Vira Bratyuk ◽  
◽  
Halyna Mykhalchynets ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Exchange ◽  
Precious Metals ◽  
The State ◽  
Steady Increase ◽  
Foreign Exchange Reserves ◽  
Gold Market ◽  
The World ◽  
Private Savings ◽  
Gold Futures ◽  
Gold Metal

ical gold metal and (or) the purchase of gold futures can reduce the risks of the portfolio due to the volatility of the price of gold and its recognition as a global benchmark. Studies of the state and prospects of the gold market in Ukraine remain relevant, as trends in the world gold market show a steady increase in price and demand. The aim of the article is to study the current state of the world gold market, study the rating of gold and foreign exchange reserves of the leading countries, study modern mechanisms of gold trading, review the state of exchange trade in gold metal in Ukraine. General scientific research methods have been used to compare and analyze global trends in the world gold market and its main tools. The article determines that exchange trade in precious metals in Ukraine is underdeveloped and represented by the market of bank metals. Today's market does not meet global requirements and popularity. Private investors are not very active in buying gold futures. Normative provisions on gold trade provide for the movement of bank metals, gold for industrial needs, and gold scrap in Ukraine. It has been substantiated that the reasons for the lack of interest in placing gold futures in Ukraine are the lack of legislation on the private gold market, the low level of economic development of the country, the current geopolitical situation. It has been concluded that the development of the market of gold and precious metals is important, as its positive changes will add opportunities to start the movement of gold by releasing it from private savings into an investment vehicle. It has been concluded that the main content of state support for the development of the gold market in Ukraine is to create an opportunity for Ukrainians to compete with foreigners for investment in Ukrainian business. Issues of gold market development are relevant and require further research. Key words: precious metals market, gold, bank metal, ETF instruments, gold stock of the country, gold and foreign exchange reserves.

scholarly journals Marketing, Start-Ups and Innovation: A Framework for Understanding the Possibilities for Harnessing Technological Innovations in Tourism (Based on the Example of the Georgian Tourism Sector and Russian Start-Ups)

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-113
Author(s):  
Dariusz Michał Trzmielak ◽  
Devi Shonia ◽  
Magdalena Skoneczna
Keyword(s):  
Development Strategy ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Technological Innovations ◽  
Travel And Tourism ◽  
Tourism Sector ◽  
The World ◽  
It Innovation ◽  
Country Of Georgia ◽  
Travel Industry ◽  
Start Ups

Abstract The travel and tourism industry is one of the largest and fastest-growing sectors in the world. In the case of countries like Georgia, where tourism is a priority sector of the economy, innovation is crucial for a tourism-based development strategy — and this has become particularly important in the post-pandemic realities. This paper proposes a certain framework for understanding the possibilities for harnessing technological innovations in the travel industry (particularly apps and websites). It then considers the specific example of the country of Georgia, outlining the state’s measures meant to foster IT innovation in tourism and also certain moderate successes to date in this respect. Next, the paper looks to Russian tourist-sector start-ups as models for operation that be successfully harnessed in the Georgian tourism industry, examining several such Russian start-ups in closer detail.

scholarly journals THE IMPACT OF THE PANDEMIC ON THE TOURISM BUSINESS

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1(21)) ◽  
pp. 17-21
Author(s):  
Goderdzi Shanidze
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Currency ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Political Stability ◽  
Close Relation ◽  
Travel And Tourism ◽  
Tourism Sector ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Near Future

If Pandemic has had an impact on any business it’s primarily a tourism business. Other businesses have a very close relation with this business and therefore they have been affected as well. As you know, the world travel and tourism market is expected to have lost more than 75.2 million jobs by 2020. According to the UNWTO, small and medium-sized enterprises were most affected. Their share in the tourism sector is 80%. Coronavirus will have a special impact on the countries whose economy accounts for a large share of tourism and whose economic growth is largely due to the tourism sector, and Georgia is also among them. According to the Georgian government, Georgia will develop the tourism sector in the near future, of course, in compliance with the safety standard and taking into account the recommendations. Tourism is the sector that has received the hardest and first blow due to the crisis and which, in addition to being one of the most important driving forces of the country's economy in recent years, the sector has a competitive advantage that can contribute to the economic development of Georgia in the post-crisis pandemic economy. Tourism is one of the largest spheres in the world, and its development is conditioned by the safe environment of the country, economic and political stability. It creates jobs and helps increase incomes for the population. International tourism contributes to the inflow of foreign currency into the country and affects the social and cultural environment of the country. That is why it is important to bring the tourism business out of the crisis.

scholarly journals An Appraisal of the Potential Impacts of Covid-19 on Tourism in Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. p32
Author(s):  
Oruonye E.D. ◽  
Ahmed Y.M.
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Job Loss ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Tourism Sector ◽  
The World ◽  
Travel Restrictions ◽  
Declining Demand ◽  
The Government ◽  
Desk Review ◽  
Secondary Materials

The outbreak and spread of covid-19 disease has resulted in countries of the world placing travel restrictions and closure of their borders to movements to and from other countries. The tourism industry is one of the sectors that would be greatly affected. Data for the study was generated from desk review of secondary materials, online blogs and interview through social media chat. Findings of the study reveal that the outbreak and spread of covid-19 disease led to rapid shutdowns in cities and states across the country, which greatly affected the tourism industry. Industries in the tourism sector such as airlines, hotels, entertainment and hospitality industries are facing declining demand and patronage with travel crashes and cancellations expected to continue. The increased cancellations of hotels and travel bookings resulted in billions of dollars in revenue loss and hundreds of thousands of job loss in the country. The findings of the study reveal that covid-19 is already worsening the unemployment situations in the country, resulting in loss of substantial revenue to the government, increasing incidence of poverty among others. Based on the findings, the study recommends the need for diversification priorities to alternative sectors such as tourism and agriculture and compensation to business operators in the tourism and other critical sector.

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