Scavenging of Nitrite and Inhibition of Nitrosamine Formation by Laoying Tea (Litsea coreana L.) Extracts

50% (V/V) ethanol extract from laoying tea (Litsea coreana Level.) was fractionated by liquid-liquid partition using ethyl acetate, n-butanol and water, respectively. The activities of nitrite scavenging (NS) and nitrosamine formation inhibiting (NFI) of three different fractions have been investigated in vitro systems. In the above assays, all the fractions showed NS and NFI potentials to varying degrees. With regard to NS activity, fractions were effective in the order: ethyl acetate > n-butanol > water fraction. EC50values for inhibiting ability on nitrosamine formation for ethyl acetate, n-butanol and water fraction were 0.170, 0.554 and 0.725 mg/mL, respectively. Total flavonoids could be the major NS and NFI components and were in the order: ethyl acetate > n-butanol > water fraction. Based on EC50values, laoying tea especially ethyl acetate-soluble fraction may have a preventive effect against carcinogenesis induced by nitrosamines.

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Bioactivities and Chemical Profiling of Sesbania grandiflora (L.) Poir. Leaves Growing in Bangladesh

Dhaka University Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.3329/dujps.v15i2.30932 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 15 (2) ◽

pp. 173-176 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Farhina Rahman Laboni ◽

Samira Karim ◽

Jalal Uddin ◽

Zubair Khalid Labu

Keyword(s):

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Soluble Fraction ◽

Ethanolic Extract ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Negative Control ◽

Clot Lysis ◽

Significant Percentage ◽

Chemical Profiling ◽

Sesbania Grandiflora

The ethanolic extract of leaves of Sesbania grandiflora and their organic and aqueous soluble partitioning substances were evaluated for thrombolytic and membrane stabilizing potentials in vitro. In thrombolytic assay, among all partitionates, the ethyl acetate soluble fraction showed highest percent of clot lysis (59.57%) as compared to 69.23% and 3.07% exhibited by the standard streptokinase and water (negative control), respectively. With respect to the membrane stabilizing activity, ethyl acetate soluble fractions of S. grandiflora also profoundly inhibited the hemolysis of erythrocytes induced by osmosis (64.30 ± 0.64%) and heat (57.21 ± 0.69%), respectively. In contrast, standard acetyl salicylic acid resulted in 70.12 ± 26% inhibition of osmotically-induced hemolysis and slightly higher level of protection against heat-induced hemolysis (73.90 ± 0.29%). The ethanol extract of leaves of S. grandiflora revealed significant percentage of thrombolytic and membrane stabilizing activities.Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 15(2): 173-176, 2016 (December)

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Exploring the Pharmacognostic Features, Anti-oxidant and Lipid Lowering Potential of Fagopyrum esculentum Moench. Seed

Current Traditional Medicine ◽

10.2174/2215083805666190807105935 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 155-169

Author(s):

Neeraj Panihar ◽

Neeru Vasudeva ◽

Sunil Sharma ◽

Babu Lal Jangir

Keyword(s):

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Wistar Rats ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Water Soluble ◽

Fagopyrum Esculentum ◽

Lipid Lowering ◽

Standard Drug ◽

Fagopyrum Esculentum Moench ◽

Β Carotene

Background: Fagopyrum esculentum Moench. is a herb consumed as food and has medicinal value. It is a rich source of bioactive nutrients which cure and prevent many ailments. Traditionally, it is used to treat hypertension, diabetes, constipation, cancer etc. Methods and Objective: Present work illustrates morphological, microscopic and physicochemical parameters of Fagopyrum esculentum seeds as per WHO guidelines, in vitro antioxidant activity; assessed by DPPH scavenging method, hydrogen peroxide scavenging assay and β-carotene linoleic acid bleaching method and study of lipid lowering potential of the ethyl acetate and ethanol extract of seeds on normal diet fed Wistar rats. Results: Morphological studies delineated the triangular shape, dark brown colour, 8 mm length and 6 mm width of the seed. The microscopic examination of the transverse section of seed depicted features like testa or pericarp (seed coat), the endosperm, embryo and sclerenchyma cells. Study of physiochemical parameters exhibited 0.3±0.02% of foreign matter and 1.44±0.51% crude fibre content. Total ash, acid insoluble ash and water soluble ash value were 6.7±1.7%, 1.9±0.23% and 3.9± 0.31% respectively. Alcohol soluble and water soluble extractive value came out to be 65.02± 3.21 mg/g and 12.7±1.24 mg/g respectively. Foaming index was less than 100, swelling index was found to be 0.5±0.01 ml/g. Loss on drying was 4.02±1.27%. Phytochemical screening of ethyl acetate and ethanol extract revealed the presence of alkaloids, carbohydrates, phenolic compounds, phytosterols and flavonoids. Trace amount of heavy metals (arsenic, cadmium, lead, mercury) were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Pesticide residue analysis confirmed the presence of nontoxic pesticides like dimethipin, hymexazol, phenothrin-2, methoprene, triadimenol, prohydrojasmon- 1, jasmolin ii, triademinol, jasmolin i, prohydrojasmone i, cyromazine in both the extracts by gc-ms spectrometer. The ethyl acetate and ethanol extract has shown significant in-vitro antioxidant activities demonstrated by the DPPH method (IC50 = 94.37±2.51 and 216.04±4.39 μg/ml respectively), hydrogen peroxide scavenging assay (IC50 = 83.72±3.72 and 193.47±5.05 µg/ml respectively) and β-carotene bleaching method (IC50 = 100.67±4.01 and 205.39±2.89 µg/ml respectively). Lipid lowering study performed on Wistar rats demonstrated a significant (p<0.001) decrease in serum Total Cholesterol (TC), Triglyceride (TG) and increase in High Density Lipoprotein (HDL) level as compared to normal group. Both the extracts have shown a non significant difference in the level of TG as compared to standard drug atorvastatin, depicting that the efficacy of extracts is at par with that of standard drug atorvastatin. Conclusion: Pharmacognostical study of the plant can be a very good tool for identification as well as authentication of a herb. Moreover, these parameters may be helpful in the development of monograph of the plant. Pharmacological activity confirmed Fagopyrum esculentum Moench. seed to be a good antioxidant and have lipid lowering potential.

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In Vitro Cytotoxic Effects of Secondary Metabolites Present in Sarcopoterium Spinosum L.

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11115300 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (11) ◽

pp. 5300

Author(s):

Jozef Hudec ◽

Jan Mojzis ◽

Marta Habanova ◽

Jorge A. Saraiva ◽

Pavel Hradil ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mammary Gland ◽

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Cytotoxic Activity ◽

Cell Lines ◽

Benzalkonium Chloride ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Cytotoxic Activities ◽

Sarcopoterium Spinosum ◽

Mcf 7

Sarcopoterium spinosum (L.) is a medicinal plant traditionally used for the treatment of various diseases including cancer in the Near- and Middle East. The fractions and constituents of the ethanol extract of S. spinosum were screened for in vitro cytotoxic activities on Jurkat (acute T-lymphoblastic leukemia), HeLa (cervical adenocarcinoma), MCF-7 (mammary gland adenocarcinoma), Caco-2 (human colorectal adenocarcinoma), and MDA-MB-231 (mammary gland adenocarcinoma) cell lines using the MTT (3-(dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay. The ethanol extract was subsequently re-extracted with ethyl acetate and in its sub-fraction obtained by column chromatography three compounds (stachydrine, benzalkonium chloride and rutine) were the first time identified by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analyses. The most active subfraction showed cytotoxic activity against HeLa, MCF-7, and Caco-2 cell lines. The three compounds mentioned, as standards of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) quality, were studied individually and in combination. Cytotoxic activity observed might be due to the presence of benzalkonium chloride and rutin. Benzalkonium chloride showed the strongest growth suppression effect against HeLa cells (IC50 8.10−7 M) and MCF-7 cells (IC50 5.10−6 M). The mixture of stachydrine and benzalkonium chloride allowed a synergistic cytotoxic effect against all tested cancer and normal cells to be obtained. Anti-cancer activity of the plant extract of S. spinosum remains under-investigated, so this research describes how the three major compounds identified in the ethyl acetate extract can exert a significant dose dependent in vitro cytotoxicity.

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AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI EKSTRAK ETANOL DAN FRAKSI KULIT BATANG BELIMBING WULUH (Averrhoa bilimbi Linn.) TERHADAP BAKTERI Klebsiella pneumoniae DAN Staphylococcus epidermidis BESERTA BIOAUTOGRAFINYA

Biomedika ◽

10.23917/biomedika.v4i2.252 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Dr. Muhtadi , MSi. ◽

Ria Ambarwati ◽

Ratna Yuliani

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽

Antibacterial Properties ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Disk Diffusion Method ◽

Water Fraction

Belimbing wuluh (Averrhoa bilimbi Linn.) is a tropical plant that has antibacterial properties. The purpose of this study was to test the antibacterial activity of bark Belimbing wuluh against Klebsiella pneumoniae and Staphylococcus epidermidis and their bioautography. Extraction methods used to research is method maceration with a solvent ethanol 96 %. Fractinations done by method partition liquid-liquid with a separating funnel. Test performed in this research covering identi� cation bacteria, the sensitivity bacteria, antibacterial activity, thin layer chromatography, bioautography. The result of antibacterial activity ethanol extract of disk diffusion method with concentrations 400 μg/disk, 800 μg/disk, 1600 μg/disk is 8±0,5; 10,34±0,58; 12,17±0,76 on Klebsiella pneumoniae, 10,17±0,29; 11±0; 11.5±0 on Staphylococcus epidermidis, n-hexane fraction with concentration 400 μg/disk, 800 μg/disk, 1600 μg/disk is 8,34±0,29; 9,34±0,29; 10,84±0,76 on Klebsialla pneumoniae, 8,5±0,5; 9,34±0,29; 10,67±0,29 on Staphylococcus epidermidis, ethyl acetate fraction with concentration 400 μg/disk, 800 μg/disk, 1600 μg/disk is 9,17±0,29; 10,34±0,29; 11,17±0,29 on Klebsiella pneumoniae and 9,5±0,5; 10,67±0,29; 12,67±1,26 on Staphylococcus epidermidis, ethanol-water fractions with concentration 400 μg/disk, 800 μg/ disk, 1600 μg/disk is 8,17±0,29; 9,17±0,29; 10±0 on Klebsiella pneumoniae, 9±0; 9,67±0,29; 10,34±0,29 on Staphylococcus epidermidis. The TLC show chemical compounds contained in the ethanol extract, n-heksan fraction, ethyl acetate fraction, and ethanol-water fraction is a compound of the saponins, alkaloids, � avonoids and phenolic. Bioautography showed that ethanol extracts, n-heksan faction, ethyl acetate fraction, and etanol-airfaction Belimbing wuluh (Averrhoa bilimbi Linn.) bark have not antibacterial activity because there is no clear area around on plate TLC.Keywords: Belimbing wuluh (Averrhoa bilimbi Linn.), ethanol extract, fractination, antibacterial, bioautogra� .

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Potential of Malacca leaf (Phyllanthus emblica) against Salmonella sp

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/202015101029 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 151 ◽

pp. 01029

Author(s):

Nuzul Asmilia ◽

Mahdi Abrar ◽

Yudha Fahrimal ◽

Amalia Sutriana ◽

Yobeswi Husna

Keyword(s):

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Leaf Extract ◽

Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Average Diameter ◽

Positive Control ◽

Hexane Extract ◽

Clear Zone ◽

Inhibitory Property

Malacca is one of traditional medicine that possesses a potent antimicrobial activity. This study aims to determine the inhibitory activity of Malacca leaf extract on the growth of Salmonella sp in vitro. The bacteria was obtained from Microbiology Laboratory of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala. The study was conducted using n-hexane extract, ethyl acetate extract and ethanol of malacca leaves with dilution concentrations of 5%, 25%, and 50%.The inhibitory property of malacca leaf was tested using Kirby-Bauer method. Data were analyzed descriptively. The results of this study indicate that n-hexane extract, ethyl acetate extract and ethanol extract of malacca leaves can inhibit the growth of Salmonella sp. The n-hexane extract of malacca leaves showed a greater inhibition than the ethyl acetate and ethanol extract of malacca leaves. n-hexane extract with a concentration of 5%, 25%, and 50% showed average diameter inhibition of 1.35 mm (weak), 4.97 mm (moderate), and 12.87 mm (strong), respectively ethyl acetate extract with a concentration of 5%, 25%, and 50% showed average diameter inhibition of 2.00 mm (weak), 5.72 mm (moderate), and 7.58 mm (moderate), whereas in ethanol extract were 0.47 mm (weak), 2.58 mm (weak), and 4.35 mm (weak), repectively. The clear zone areas in negative and positive control were 0.00 mm 20.00 mm, respectively. Malacca leaf extract possess inhibitory property against the growth of the Salmonella sp.

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In Vitro Tracing of Cytotoxic Compounds in Jarak Cina Stem Bark (Jatropha Multifida Linn.)

Eksakta Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu MIPA ◽

10.20885/eksakta.vol1.iss1.art2 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Sista Werdyani ◽

Annisa Fitria ◽

Sari Rakhmawati

Keyword(s):

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Cytotoxic Activity ◽

Cancer Cells ◽

Cancer Cell ◽

Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽

Soxhlet Extraction ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Jatropha Multifida ◽

Mcf 7

Cancer remains one of the diseases with increasing number of sufferers, but research on compounds that act as anti-cancer is also ongoing. Terpenoids have been known as a compound that can inhibit the proliferation of cancer cells. One of the medical plants that produce terpenoids is Jarak cina (Jatropha multifida Linn.). Therefore, the possibility of Jarak cina (Jatropha multifida Linn.) to have an cytotoxic activity on cancer cell proliferation is reasonably high. This study was conducted to determine the cytotoxic activity of Jarak cina (Jatropha multifida Linn.) bark extracts against cancer cell MCF-7. Jarak cina bark was extracted using the multilevel soxhlet extraction method with n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and ethanol as the solvents. All the three extracts were then tested against MCF-7 cancer cells using MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl) - 2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) method. Data analysis was performed for IC50 (ppm) parameter. The results showed that the IC50 of n-hexane extract was 313.21 ppm, while the ethyl acetate extract reached 258.38 ppm of IC50, and the IC50 of ethanol extract was 418.51 ppm. The highest potential of cytotoxicity was found in the ethyl acetate extract, so further testing would be required to optimize the proliferation inhibitory activity.

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THE ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY AND PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING OF ETHANOL EXTRACT, FRACTIONS OF WATER, ETHYL ACETATE AND n-HEXANE FROM MISTLETOE TEA (SCURRULA ATROPURPUREABL. DANS)

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research ◽

10.22159/ajpcr.2017.v10i2.15724 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 343 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Resmi Mustarichie

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Ascorbic Acid ◽

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽

Hexane Fraction ◽

Phytochemical Screening ◽

Water Fraction ◽

Ic50 Values

Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate antioxidant activity and phytochemical screening of ethanol extract, fractions of water, ethyl acetate, and n-hexane from mistletoe tea (Scurrula atropurpurea Bl. Dans).Methods: Simplicia extracted using soxhlet equipment with 96% ethanol. Fractionation was conducted using liquid-liquid extraction using a solvent of water, ethyl acetate and n-hexane. Screening of phytochemical and antioxidant activity was performed against these fractions. Antioxidant activity was determined by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl method using ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry with ascorbic acid as standard. Phytochemical screening was conducted based on the method of Farnsworth.Results: The IC50 values of ethanol extract, water fraction, fraction of ethyl acetate, and n-hexane fraction were 21.92 ppm, 89.57 ppm, 14.08 ppm, and 162.09 ppm, respectively, whereas for ascorbic acid was 4.41 ppm. The ethanol extract and ethyl acetate fraction contained compounds were the same group, polyphenolic, tannins, flavonoids, monoterpenoid, steroids, triterpenoids, and quinones. Fraction of water contained compounds such as polyphenolic group, flavonoids, monoterpenoids, sesquiterpenoids, steroids, and triterpenoids. n-hexane fraction compounds contained steroids and triterpenoids.Conclusion: The ethanol extract, water fraction, ethyl acetate fraction, and n-hexane fraction showed antioxidant activities. The ethanol extract, fractions of water, and ethyl acetate fraction contained flavonoids and polyphenolic potential as antioxidants.Keywords: Mistletoe tea, Scurrula atropurpurea, Antioxidant, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, Ascorbic acid.

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Antimicrobial Activity of Few Medicinal Plants against Clinically Isolated Human Cariogenic Pathogens—An In Vitro Study

ISRN Dentistry ◽

10.5402/2011/541421 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 2011 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

H. Shyla Jebashree ◽

S. Jayasurya Kingsley ◽

Emmanuel S. Sathish ◽

D. Devapriya

Keyword(s):

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽

In Vitro Study ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Psidium Guajava ◽

Terminalia Chebula ◽

Zone Of Inhibition ◽

Mimusops Elengi

Hexane, ethyl acetate, ethanol and methanol extracts of Psidium guajava, Terminalia chebula, Mimusops elengi and Achyranthes aspera were tested against the dental caries causing bacteria Streptococcus mutans and fungus Candida albicans isolated from caries infected patients. All the four extracts of P. guajava showed activity against both S. mutans and C. albicans. Maximum zone of inhibition was observed in ethyl acetate of P. guajava. The four extracts of T. chebula and M. elengi showed antibacterial activity against S. mutans. M. elengi extracts and ethanol extract of T. chebula did not show any antifungal activity against C. albicans. Except for the hexane extract of A. aspera, the other three extracts showed activity against the tested microbes. The ethyl acetate P. guajava leaf extract showed the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against S. mutans to be <0.076 mg/mL in both MHB and BHI. The P. guajava ethyl acetate extract was subjected to GC-MS.

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In Vitro and FTIR Spectroscopy: Local Black Fruit Seed Extract as Antibacterial Aeromonas Hydrophila

International Journal of Biology and Biomedical Engineering ◽

10.46300/91011.2021.15.12 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 ◽

pp. 92-98

Author(s):

Yori Turu Toja ◽

Eddy Suprayitno ◽

Aulanni’am ◽

Uun Yanuhar

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Aeromonas Hydrophila ◽

Antibacterial Properties ◽

Inhibition Zone ◽

Seed Extract ◽

Water Fraction ◽

Natural Treatment ◽

Ft Ir

Indonesia has many local plants with potential as herbal antibacterial properties, one of which is the local black fruit of Wandama. The objective of this study is to determine the antibacterial activity of the extract of black fruit seed against A. Hydrophila by in vitro and FTIR by Tilapia. The benefit of this research is to make black fruit seed extract as a natural remedy against tilapia attacked by Aeromonas Hydrophila. The antibacterial activity of black fruit seed extract against A. Hydrophila is investigated in vitro and using FTIR on tilapia in this research. The aim of this study is to establish black fruit seed extract as a natural treatment for tilapia infected with Aeromonas Hydrophila. The disc approach was used to conduct the in vitro research. Agar medium was poured into a sterile petri dish, and 2 drops of bacteria from the liquid medium were uniformly distributed and cooled. On the press, disc paper with black fruit seed extract was put and incubated for 18-24 hours at 35 C. An FTS 1000 version spectrophotometer system was used for the FTIR test. For the FT-IR study, a fraction of dried black fruit seeds was used. For clear preparation, 100 mg of dry extract is condensed in KBr pellets. A specimen of loaded black fruit seed samples was analyzed using FT-IR spectroscopy with a scanning range of 400-4000 cm-1 and a resolution of 4 cm-1. The results showed that the ethyl acetate fraction produced an inhibition zone (13.65 mm), the water fraction produced an inhibition zone (11.21 mm), and the n-hexane fraction produced the weakest inhibition zone (11.21 mm) (5.31mm). The concentration test results from 125 ppm, 250 ppm, 500 ppm and 1000 ppm obtained a large inhibition zone at a concentration of 1000 ppm with an inhibition zone area of 11.43 + 0.02. The absorbance value of black fruit seed extract in ethyl acetate solvent at 3430 cm-1 revealed the absorption band with the strongest vibration of the hydroxylate (-OH) functional group, according to FTIR research. Final thoughts with an average value of 13.65 + 0.06, black fruit seed extract using ethyl acetate can inhibit A. Hydrophila bacteria.

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SKRINING AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI FRAKSI EKSTRAK ETANOL KERNEL BIJI BUAH LIMUS (Mangifera foetida Lour.) TERHADAP Staphylococcus aureusDAN Escherichia coli

Journal of Pharmacopolium ◽

10.36465/jop.v1i1.394 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Vera Nurviana

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Ethanolic Extract ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Water Fraction ◽

Tetracycline Hcl

Limus (Mangifera foetida Lour.) Is one of the local Indonesian fruits of the anacardiaceae family. Limus contain secondary metabolites that have pharmacological effects, including the kernel waste of the seeds of the fruit. This study aims to determine the antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli on the fraction of kernel seed of limus fruits ethanolic extract in invitro using solid diffusion method with positive control Tetracycline HCl. The extraction process was carried out by maceration method, then fractionation was obtained to obtain the fraction of n-hexane, ethyl acetate fraction and water fraction. Based on the result of the research, the fraction of n-hexane, ethyl acetate fraction, and water fraction of kernel ethanol extract limus fruit seed have antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The highest activity was shown by fraction of ethyl acetate with minimum killing concentration (KBM) to Staphylococcus aureus was 5% with diameter equal to 4,33 ± 1.17 mm equal to 30,27 μg / mL Tetracycline HCl, and KBM value to Escherichia coli.4% (7.60 ± 0.14) mm equivalent to 26, 04 μg / mL Tetracycline HCl. Keywords: Antibacterial, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Kernel, M. foetida.

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