Effect of Annealing Atmosphere on Structure and Properties in Chemically Deposited PbS Thin Films

2011 ◽  
Vol 399-401 ◽  
pp. 875-879
Author(s):  
Feng Liu ◽  
Hong Deng ◽  
Ai Ping Zhao ◽  
Xue Ran Deng
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Surface Defects ◽  
Test Chamber ◽  
Chemical Deposition ◽  
Annealing Treatment ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Annealing Atmosphere ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Photoelectric Properties ◽  
The Stability

Large area (13mm*13mm) PbS thin films with (200) preferred orientation were prepared by chemical deposition. The optical properties of PbS films with annealing treatment in various forming gases with different ratio of nitrogen-oxygen (100ml/min of N2&O2(3:1), 100ml/min of N2&O2(2:1), 100ml/min of N2&O2(1:1), 50ml/min of O2) were deeply analyzed. X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), high and low temperature test chamber and other test methods for photosensitivity were used to investigate the structure and photoelectric properties of PbS films. The results showed that with proper amount of oxidation (when nitrogen-oxygen ratio was 1:1), the impurity barrier tended to fully grow, impurity activation energy increased to 0.314eV, dark resistance reached up to 30.2MΩ, and the photoconductive sensitivity of PbS thin film under this process was about 4 times larger compared with air annealing. According to the analysis of XRD patterns and surface morphologies of films, it can be seen that nitrogen in this process was not only to prevent PbS thin films from excessive oxidation, but also inhibited the formation of surface defects and enhanced the stability of PbS device.

Microscopic investigations on the surface-state dependent moisture stability of a hybrid perovskite

Nanoscale ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (14) ◽  
pp. 7759-7765
Author(s):  
Jing-Yuan Ma ◽  
Hui-Juan Yan ◽  
Ming-Hua Li ◽  
Jian-Kun Sun ◽  
Yao-Xuan Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Surface State ◽  
Surface Defects ◽  
Annealing Treatment ◽  
Post Annealing ◽  
State Dependent ◽  
Hybrid Perovskite ◽  
Moisture Stability ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Microscopic Investigations

DMF post-annealing treatment can enlarge the grain size and reduce the surface defects, which prevent water from entering the grain, improving the stability of MAPbI3 films.

scholarly journals Properties and Stability of Bismuth Doped Tin Oxide Thin Films Deposited on Various Types of Glass Substrates

1996 ◽  
Vol 424 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Foglietti ◽  
A. D′ Alessandro ◽  
A. Galbato ◽  
A. Alessandri ◽  
R. Beccherelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Tin Oxide ◽  
Soda Lime ◽  
High Resistivity ◽  
Oxide Thin Films ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Glass Substrates ◽  
Liquid Crystal Matrix ◽  
The Stability

AbstractThis work reports on deposition of transparent semi-insulating tin oxide thin films deposited by spray-pyrolysis over large area glass substrates. The precursors used are based on diluted chloride solutions. Bi-doped high resistivity tin oxide thin films are required in the fabrication process of an analog grey scale ferroelectric liquid crystal matrix display. Various parameters have been optimized in order to achieve good reproducibility and uniformity of the electrical and optical properties. Deposition temperature and the properties of the glass substrates have been found as the most critical variables which affect the deposition rate and the quality of the deposited films. The different substrates used, borosilicates and soda-lime glasses, lead to different electrical properties. A further investigation on the stability of the film properties versus different kind of aging procedures have been conducted. Preliminary results of the operation of the complete display making use of our films are shown.

Morphological transformations in solution-cast Styrene-Butadiene-Styrene (SBS) triblock copolymer thin films

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 184-185
Author(s):  
Ginam Kim ◽  
W. Marsillo ◽  
M. Libera
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Triblock Copolymer ◽  
Annealing Treatment ◽  
Minor Component ◽  
Solvent Evaporation ◽  
Single Crystal Substrate ◽  
Transparent Films ◽  
Crystal Substrate ◽  
Solution Cast ◽  
Morphological Transformations

The fact that block copolymers can assume a range of morphologies depending upon such variables as relative block length and molecular weight is now well known. In the case of poly(styrene)[PS]-poly(butadiene)[PB]-poly(styrene) (SBS) triblock copolymer, the morphologies range from spheres (roughly ~20% minor component), to cylinders (roughly 20%~35% minor component), to lamellae (roughly equal component fractions) Most recently, there has been increasing interest in transformations between morphologies by thermal annealing. This paper describes initial results studying the effect of solvent evaporation rate and post-casting annealing treatment on the morphology of SBS thin films.TEM specimens were prepared by solution casting electron transparent films. 50 μl of 0.1 wt% SBS (30% styrene, Mw=14,000, Scientific Polymer Products, Inc.) dissolved in toluene was deposited on a polished NaCl single crystal substrate placed in a small dish. After solvent evaporation the film was cut into small squares, floated from the salt in water, and each square was collected on a Cu grid.

Thermodynamic Stability of Hexagonal and Rhombohedral Bn at Cvd Conditions from Van der Waals Corrected First Principles Calculations

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henrik Pedersen ◽  
Björn Alling ◽  
Hans Högberg ◽  
Annop Ektarawong
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Thermodynamic Stability ◽  
First Principles ◽  
Thermal Equilibrium ◽  
Density Functional ◽  
Van Der Waals ◽  
Chemical Vapor ◽  
First Principles Calculations ◽  
Functional Theory ◽  
The Stability

Thin films of boron nitride (BN), particularly the sp<sup>2</sup>-hybridized polytypes hexagonal BN (h-BN) and rhombohedral BN (r-BN) are interesting for several electronic applications given band gaps in the UV. They are typically deposited close to thermal equilibrium by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) at temperatures and pressures in the regions 1400-1800 K and 1000-10000 Pa, respectively. In this letter, we use van der Waals corrected density functional theory and thermodynamic stability calculations to determine the stability of r-BN and compare it to that of h-BN as well as to cubic BN and wurtzitic BN. We find that r-BN is the stable sp<sup>2</sup>-hybridized phase at CVD conditions, while h-BN is metastable. Thus, our calculations suggest that thin films of h-BN must be deposited far from thermal equilibrium.

scholarly journals Synthesis of N-CNT/TiO2 composites thin films: surface analysis and optoelectronic properties

2020 ◽  
Vol 183 ◽  
pp. 05002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamza Belkhanchi ◽  
Younes Ziat ◽  
Maryama Hammi ◽  
Charaf Laghlimi ◽  
Abdelaziz Moutcine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Surface Analysis ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Careful Analysis ◽  
Optoelectronic Properties ◽  
Spectroscopic Techniques ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Visible Absorption ◽  
Temperature Solution ◽  
Good Agreement

In this study, we have investigated the surface analysis and optoelectronic properties on the synthesis of N-CNT/TiO2 composites thin films, using sol gel method for a dye synthetized solar cell (DSSC) which is found to be simple and economical route. The titanium dioxide based solar cells are an exciting photovoltaic candidate; they are promising for the realization of large area devices. That can be synthetized by room temperature solution processing, with high photoactive performance. In the present work, we stated comparable efficiencies by directing our investigation on obtaining Sol Gel thin films based on N-CNT/TiO2, by dispersing nitrogen (N) doped carbon nanotubes (N-CNTs) powders in titanium tetraisopropoxyde (TTIP). The samples were assessed in terms of optical properties, using UV—visible absorption spectroscopic techniques. After careful analysis of the results, we have concluded that the mentioned route is good and more efficient in terms of optoelectronic properties. The gap of “the neat” 0.00w% N-CNT/TiO2 is of 3eV, which is in a good agreement with similar gap of semiconductors. The incorporated “w%NCNTs” led to diminishing the Eg with increasing N-CNTs amount. These consequences are very encouraging for optoelectronic field.

scholarly journals Effect of Growth Temperature on the Characteristics of CsPbI3-Quantum Dots Doped Perovskite Film

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (15) ◽  
pp. 4439
Author(s):  
Shui-Yang Lien ◽  
Yu-Hao Chen ◽  
Wen-Ray Chen ◽  
Chuan-Hsi Liu ◽  
Chien-Jung Huang
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Quantum Dots ◽  
Quantum Dot ◽  
Growth Temperature ◽  
Electron Mobility ◽  
Surface Defects ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Pb Doping ◽  
Pristine Film

In this study, adding CsPbI3 quantum dots to organic perovskite methylamine lead triiodide (CH3NH3PbI3) to form a doped perovskite film filmed by different temperatures was found to effectively reduce the formation of unsaturated metal Pb. Doping a small amount of CsPbI3 quantum dots could enhance thermal stability and improve surface defects. The electron mobility of the doped film was 2.5 times higher than the pristine film. This was a major breakthrough for inorganic quantum dot doped organic perovskite thin films.

scholarly journals Strong texture tuning along different crystalline directions in glass-supported CeO2 thin films by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Inti Zumeta-Dubé ◽  
José Manuel García Rangel ◽  
Jorge Roque ◽  
Issis Claudette Romero-Ibarra ◽  
Mario Fidel García Sánchez
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Spray Pyrolysis ◽  
Spray Pyrolysis Technique ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Ultrasonic Spray Pyrolysis ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Growth Direction ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Smart Windows ◽  
Ultrasonic Spray

AbstractThe strong facet-dependent performance of glass-supported CeO2 thin films in different applications (catalysis, smart windows, etc.) has been the target of diverse fundamental and technological approaches. However, the design of accurate, cost-effective and scalable methods with the potential for large-area coverage that produce highly textured glass-supported CeO2 thin films remains a technological challenge. In the present work, it is demonstrated that under proper tuning conditions, the ultrasonic spray pyrolysis technique enables one to obtain glass-supported polycrystalline CeO2 films with noticeable texture along both the (100) and (111) directions, as well as with randomly oriented crystallites (no texture). The influence of flow rates, solution molarity, and substrate temperature on the texture and morphological characteristics, as well as optical absorption and Raman response of the deposited films, is evaluated. The obtained results are discussed on the basis of the combined dependence of the CeO2-exposed surfaces on the thermodynamic stability of the corresponding facets and the reaction kinetics, which modulate the crystallite growth direction.

scholarly journals Synthesis and Electrochemical Properties of TiNb2O7 and Ti2Nb10O29 Anodes under Various Annealing Atmospheres

Metals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 983
Author(s):  
Touraj Adhami ◽  
Reza Ebrahimi-Kahrizsangi ◽  
Hamid Reza Bakhsheshi-Rad ◽  
Somayeh Majidi ◽  
Milad Ghorbanzadeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrochemical Properties ◽  
Annealing Treatment ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Argon Atmosphere ◽  
Oxygen Atmosphere ◽  
Annealing Atmosphere ◽  
Electrochemical Characteristics ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Lower Capacity ◽  
Discharge Capacities

In this study, two compounds of TiNb2O7 and Ti2Nb10O29 were successfully synthesized by mechanochemical method and post-annealing as an anode material for lithium-ion batteries. The effect of annealing atmosphere on the morphology, particle size, and electrochemical characteristics of two compounds was investigated. For these purposes, the reactive materials were milled under an argon atmosphere with a certain mole ratio. Subsequently, each sample was subjected to annealing treatment in two different atmospheres, namely argon and oxygen. Phase and morphology identifications were carried out by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) to identify the phases and evaluate the morphology of the synthesized samples. The charging and discharging tests were conducted using a battery-analyzing device to evaluate the electrochemical properties of the fabricated anodes. Annealing in different atmospheres resulted in variable discharge capacities so that the two compounds of TiNb2O7 and Ti2Nb10O29 annealed under the argon atmosphere showed a capacity of 60 and 66 mAh/g after 179 cycles, respectively, which had a lower capacity than their counterpart under the oxygen atmosphere. The final capacity of the annealed samples in the oxygen atmosphere is 72 and 74 mAh/g, respectively.

scholarly journals The Growth of Semiconductor Thin Films Studied by RHEED

1990 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 583
Author(s):  
GL Price
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Surface Science ◽  
High Vacuum ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Ultra High Vacuum ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Growth Modes ◽  
Semiconductor Thin Films ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Recent Developments

Recent developments in the growth of semiconductor thin films are reviewed. The emphasis is on growth by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). Results obtained by reflection high energy electron diffraction (RHEED) are employed to describe the different kinds of growth processes and the types of materials which can be constructed. MBE is routinely capable of heterostructure growth to atomic precision with a wide range of materials including III-V, IV, II-VI semiconductors, metals, ceramics such as high Tc materials and organics. As the growth proceeds in ultra high vacuum, MBE can take advantage of surface science techniques such as Auger, RHEED and SIMS. RHEED is the essential in-situ probe since the final crystal quality is strongly dependent on the surface reconstruction during growth. RHEED can also be used to calibrate the growth rate, monitor growth kinetics, and distinguish between various growth modes. A major new area is lattice mismatched growth where attempts are being made to construct heterostructures between materials of different lattice constants such as GaAs on Si. Also described are the new techniques of migration enhanced epitaxy and tilted superlattice growth. Finally some comments are given On the means of preparing large area, thin samples for analysis by other techniques from MBE grown films using capping, etching and liftoff.

The effect of complexing agents in chemical solution deposition of metal chalcogenide thin films

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sucheta Sengupta ◽  
Rinki Aggarwal ◽  
Yuval Golan
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Chemical Solution Deposition ◽  
Metal Ion ◽  
Chemical Deposition ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Complexing Agents ◽  
Chemical Solution ◽  
Solution Deposition ◽  
Metal Chalcogenide ◽  
Chalcogenide Thin Films

This review article gives an overview of different complexing agents used during chemical deposition of metal chalcogenide thin films and their role in controlling the resultant morphology by effective complexation of the metal ion.

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