Mechanical Properties of a Novel Kind of Biomass Cellular Material Prepared from Forage Grass

2013 ◽  
Vol 734-737 ◽  
pp. 2302-2305
Author(s):  
Chao Le Yun ◽  
Xue Gang Luo ◽  
Xiao Yan Lin
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Cellular Material ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Forage Grass ◽  
Annual Ryegrass ◽  
Optimum Growth Temperature ◽  
Germination Experiment

In this paper, a kind of new biomass cellular material was prepared by the growth of forage grass such as annual ryegrass, tall fescue, and trefoil in the molding container. In the process of growth, the molding container had been inverted repeatedly. Effect of temperature on the growth of three kind of forage grass was researched by seed germination experiment. The properties of the material were evaluated by TG and universal testing machine. The results showed that 25°C was the optimum growth temperature, and under this condition the germination percentage and germination potential of annual ryegrass, tall fescue, trefoil were respectively 93.67%, 91.67%, 84.33% and 83.00%, 81.67%, 80.67%. The biomass cellular material had good mechanical properties. By changing the addition of seeds, mechanical properties could be adjusted for various end uses.

scholarly journals Effect of Temperature on Seed Germination in Spinach (Spinacia oleracea)

HortScience ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (12) ◽  
pp. 1475-1478 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Chitwood ◽  
Ainong Shi ◽  
Michael Evans ◽  
Curt Rom ◽  
Edward E. Gbur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Heat Tolerance ◽  
Spinacia Oleracea ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Heat Tolerant ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Germination Experiment

Breeding heat-tolerant spinach is an important project to meet the demand of increasing spinach production in heat conditions. Seed germination is the early stage to test, screen, and develop heat-tolerant spinach genotypes. The objective of this research was to determine temperature effect on the seed germination percentage and to select heat-tolerant spinach genotypes. A total of nine spinach genotypes were used in this research. The germination experiment was conducted using seven temperatures: 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 32, and 35 °C under growth chambers. The temperature trials were conducted using completely randomized design (CRD) with three replicates. Spinach seed germination percentage varied among the nine spinach genotypes under the seven temperatures, indicating that genetic variation for heat tolerance existed in the nine spinach genotypes. ‘Donkey’, ‘Marabu’, and ‘Raccoon’ showed higher seed germination percentage with over 70% at 30 and 32 °C, indicating the three spinach genotypes had heat tolerance for germination. However, all spinach genotypes except ‘Ozarka II’ dropped their germination percentages sharply to less than 30%; ‘Ozarka II’ had 63% germination under 35 °C, indicating it is a good source of heat tolerance for seed germination. The higher germination percentages above 30 °C of ‘Ozarka II’, ‘Donkey’, ‘Marabu’, and ‘Raccoon’ may indicate their potential as donors of heat-tolerant traits in spinach breeding program.

scholarly journals An Experimental Study of Torsional Properties of Polyvinylchloride

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 273-278
Author(s):  
Sarkawt Rostam ◽  
Arazw Hamakarim ◽  
Avan Xalid ◽  
Pari Said ◽  
Kashab Muhammad
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Experimental Study ◽  
Shear Modulus ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Torsion Testing ◽  
Torsional Resistance ◽  
Applied Torque ◽  
Torsional Fracture

In this research, an experimental study has been performed to investigate the mechanical properties through torsion testing of polyvinylchloride (PVC) polymer specimens. For the purpose of the experimentation, specimens of PVC round bars have been prepared. Torsion testing machine apparatus of 200 Nm motor driven was used to evaluate the torsion properties of the tested bars. The apparatus provides four deformation speeds of 50°/min, 100°/min, 200°/min and 500 °/min. The tests conducted under different conditions in a room temperature and cooling of the samples and tested at different deformation speeds given by the torsion apparatus. Various tests produce the torsional moment- angle of rotation diagrams and thereafter both of torsional fracture resistance and shear modulus have been calculated. The results showed the effect of temperature change on the mechanical properties of PVC by making the material harder and can resist higher value of the applied torque where the range is from 2.9 N.m for the cooled sample to 2 N.m for the received samples tested at room temperature. Moreover the results showed an increase of shear modulus to 282 MPa for the cooled samples in compare to 140 MPa for as received samples. Finally the results provide a guideline for designers on how to use parts made of PVC in different applications where the range of both the maximum torque and failure torque with their mechanical properties of rigidity and torsional resistance were recorded.

The Effect of Temperature on the Tensile Properties of Steel 0Cr18Ni9

2010 ◽  
Vol 654-656 ◽  
pp. 194-197
Author(s):  
Wei Fen Li ◽  
Wei Niu ◽  
Zhi Ming Hao ◽  
Ming Hai Li
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Elastic Modulus ◽  
Yield Strength ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Tensile Testing ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Tensile Testing Machine ◽  
Increasing Temperature

Experiments of tensile mechanical properties of steel 0Cr18Ni9 are done on the MTS 810 tensile testing machine, and the temperature range is from 20°C to 1200°C. The stress vs. strain curves are obtained. Results show that the elastic modulus, yield stress and tensile strength decrease with increasing temperature .Based on the experiment results, the functions of the elastic modulus, yield strength and tensile strength versus temperature are represented by polynomial.

Real-Time Monitoring of the Dispersion Stability of Poly(Carbonate Urethane)s Using the Turbiscan Technique

2017 ◽  
Vol 737 ◽  
pp. 198-205
Author(s):  
Tae Hee Kim ◽  
Jin Chul Kim ◽  
Bong Kuk Seo
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Real Time ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Dispersion Stability ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Poly Carbonate

Waterborne poly(carbonate urethane) dispersions (WPCUDs) have received much attention from both academia and the chemical industry due to their potential applications in high-performance volatile organic compound-free coatings and adhesives. Commercially, both the long-term stability and the mechanical properties of WPCUDs are extremely important because these are closely related to the storage life of the product. This study provides a detailed, real-time investigation into the dispersion stability of WPCUDs. Various WPCUDs with different ionic contents and containing polyols of different molecular weights were prepared, and their dispersion stabilities were monitored in real-time using Turbiscan measurements. The effect of temperature and concentration on dispersion stability was also examined. The thermal and mechanical properties of WPCUD were characterized by thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, and universal testing machine, and the data were correlated to the dispersion stability data.

Effect of nickel on formation of transition layer during liquid-phase aluminizing of titanium

2020 ◽  
pp. 313-317
Author(s):  
A.I. Kovtunov ◽  
Yu.Yu. Khokhlov ◽  
S.V. Myamin
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Intermetallic Layer ◽  
Reaction Diffusion ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Nickel Concentration ◽  
Aluminum Melt ◽  
Titanium Aluminum ◽  
Titanium Foam

Titanium—aluminum, titanium—foam aluminum composites and bimetals obtained by liquid-phase methods, are increasingly used in industry. At the liquid-phase methods as result of the reaction diffusion of titanium and aluminum is formed transitional intermetallic layer at the phase boundary of the composite, which reduces the mechanical properties of titanium and composite. To reduce the growth rate of the intermetallic layer between the layers of the composite and increase its mechanical properties, it is proposed to alloy aluminum melt with nickel. The studies of the interaction of titanium and molten aluminum alloyed with nickel made it possible to establish the effect of temperature and aluminizing time on the thickness, chemical and phase compositions of the transition intermetallic layer. The tests showed the effect of the temperature of the aluminum melt, the nickel concentration on the strength properties of titanium—aluminum bimetal.

Fertility of Annual Ryegrass ✕ Tall Fescue Amphiploids and Their Derivatives 1

Crop Science ◽  
1965 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 395-397 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. Buckner ◽  
H. D. Hill ◽  
A. W. Hovin ◽  
P. B. Burrus
Keyword(s):  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Annual Ryegrass

scholarly journals Development of Al–Mg–Si alloy performance by addition of grain refiner Al–5Ti–1B alloy

2021 ◽  
Vol 104 (2) ◽  
pp. 003685042110294
Author(s):  
Khaled Abd El-Aziz ◽  
Emad M Ahmed ◽  
Abdulaziz H Alghtani ◽  
Bassem F Felemban ◽  
Hafiz T Ali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Grain Size ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Dendritic Structure ◽  
Grain Refiner ◽  
Corrosion Properties ◽  
Average Grain Size ◽  
Structural Applications ◽  
Alloy Addition

Aluminum alloys are the most essential part of all shaped castings manufactured, mainly in the automotive, food industry, and structural applications. There is little consensus as to the precise relationship between grain size after grain refinement and corrosion resistance; conflicting conclusions have been published showing that reduced grain size can decrease or increase corrosion resistance. The effect of Al–5Ti–1B grain refiner (GR alloy) with different percentages on the mechanical properties and corrosion behavior of Aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy (Al–Mg–Si) was studied. The average grain size is determined according to the E112ASTM standard. The compressive test specimens were made as per ASTM: E8/E8M-16 standard to get their compressive properties. The bulk hardness using Vickers hardness testing machine at a load of 50 g. Electrochemical corrosion tests were carried out in 3.5 % NaCl solution using Autolab Potentiostat/Galvanostat (PGSTAT 30).The grain size of the Al–Mg–Si alloy was reduced from 82 to 46 µm by the addition of GR alloy. The morphology of α-Al dendrites changes from coarse dendritic structure to fine equiaxed grains due to the addition of GR alloy and segregation of Ti, which controls the growth of primary α-Al. In addition, the mechanical properties of the Al–Mg–Si alloy were improved by GR alloy addition. GR alloy addition to Al–Mg–Si alloy produced fine-grained structure and better hardness and compressive strength. The addition of GR alloy did not reveal any marked improvements in the corrosion properties of Al–Mg–Si alloy.

scholarly journals Acoustic Emission and K-S Metric Entropy as Methods for Determining Mechanical Properties of Composite Materials

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 145
Author(s):  
Lesław Kyzioł ◽  
Katarzyna Panasiuk ◽  
Grzegorz Hajdukiewicz ◽  
Krzysztof Dudzik
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Acoustic Emission ◽  
Composite Material ◽  
Composite Materials ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Measurement Data ◽  
Entropy Method ◽  
Displacement Sensor ◽  
Metric Entropy ◽  
Plastic Phase

Due to the unique properties of polymer composites, these materials are used in many industries, including shipbuilding (hulls of boats, yachts, motorboats, cutters, ship and cooling doors, pontoons and floats, torpedo tubes and missiles, protective shields, antenna masts, radar shields, and antennas, etc.). Modern measurement methods and tools allow to determine the properties of the composite material, already during its design. The article presents the use of the method of acoustic emission and Kolmogorov-Sinai (K-S) metric entropy to determine the mechanical properties of composites. The tested materials were polyester-glass laminate without additives and with a 10% content of polyester-glass waste. The changes taking place in the composite material during loading were visualized using a piezoelectric sensor used in the acoustic emission method. Thanks to the analysis of the RMS parameter (root mean square of the acoustic emission signal), it is possible to determine the range of stresses at which significant changes occur in the material in terms of its use as a construction material. In the K-S entropy method, an important measuring tool is the extensometer, namely the displacement sensor built into it. The results obtained during the static tensile test with the use of an extensometer allow them to be used to calculate the K-S metric entropy. Many materials, including composite materials, do not have a yield point. In principle, there are no methods for determining the transition of a material from elastic to plastic phase. The authors showed that, with the use of a modern testing machine and very high-quality instrumentation to record measurement data using the Kolmogorov-Sinai (K-S) metric entropy method and the acoustic emission (AE) method, it is possible to determine the material transition from elastic to plastic phase. Determining the yield strength of composite materials is extremely important information when designing a structure.

scholarly journals Formation conditions and mechanical properties of aggregates produced in tephra–water–snow flows

2020 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hirofumi Niiya ◽  
Kenichi Oda ◽  
Daisuke Tsuji ◽  
Hiroaki Katsuragi
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Mixing Time ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Scaling Analysis ◽  
Compression Tests ◽  
Ice Slurry ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Formation Conditions ◽  
Snow And Ice

Abstract The formation of aggregates consisting of snow, water, and tephra has been reported in small-scale experiments on three-phase flows containing tephra, water, and snow, representing lahars triggered by snowmelt. Such aggregates reduce the mobility of mud flow. However, the formation mechanism of such aggregates under various conditions has not been investigated. To elucidate the formation conditions and mechanical properties of the aggregates, we performed mixing experiments with materials on a rotating table and compression tests on the resulting aggregates with a universal testing machine in a low-temperature room at $$0\,^{\circ }\text {C}$$ 0 ∘ C . From experiments with varying component ratios of the mixture and tephra diameter, the following results were obtained: (i) the aggregate grew rapidly and reached maturity after a mixing time of 5 min; (ii) the mass of aggregates increased with snow concentration, exhibiting an approximately linear relationship; (iii) single aggregates with large mass formed at lower and higher tephra concentrations, whereas multiple aggregates with smaller mass were observed at intermediate concentrations; (iv) the shape of the aggregate satisfied the similarity law for an ellipsoid; (v) the compressive mechanical behavior could be modeled by an empirical nonlinear model. The obtained mechanical properties of the aggregates were independent of the experimental conditions; (vi) scaling analysis based on the Reynolds number and the strength of the aggregates showed that the aggregates cannot form in ice-slurry lahars. Our findings suggest that low-speed lahars containing snow and ice are likely to generate aggregates, but snow and ice in the ice-slurry lahars are dispersed without such aggregates.

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