Effect of Heat Treatment on the Mechanical Properties of Roll-Bonded Al3003/STS439 Hybrid Plate

2013 ◽  
Vol 813 ◽  
pp. 104-107
Author(s):  
Ju Young Jin ◽  
In Kyu Kim ◽  
Sun Ig Hong
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Intermetallic Layer ◽  
Treatment Temperature ◽  
Interfacial Structure ◽  
Tension Tests ◽  
Clad Sheet ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Hybrid Plate

In this study, roll-bonded Al/STS clad was heat-treated at various temperature (200-600 °C) for 1hour and then their mechanical performance and interfacial structure was studied. To estimate the mechanical properties of heat-treated clad materials at various temperatures, the tension tests were performed. For Al/STS clad heat-treated from 200 °C to 500 °C, no interfacial reaction layer was observed. Brittle intermetallic layer was observed between Al and STS, which induced the interface crack due to the large mismatch of the thermal expansion coefficient between two metal plates. XRD peaks from the interface region indicate the presence of Al2Fe, Al5Fe and Al13Cr2 in addition to Fe, Cr, Al and Mn. The UTS of Al/STS sheet was observed to follow the rule of mixture. One noticeable observation from stress-strain responses is that the fracture strain of Al/STS clad sheet increased markedly more than that of Al clad sheet by the increasing heat treatment temperature.

Interface Cracking and Fracture in As-Roll-Bonded and Heat-Treated 3-Ply Cu/Al/Cu Hybrid Plate

2013 ◽  
Vol 376 ◽  
pp. 284-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
In Kyu Kim ◽  
Sun Ig Hong
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Reaction Layer ◽  
Bonding Strength ◽  
Detrimental Effect ◽  
Intermetallic Layer ◽  
Treatment Temperature ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Fracture Behaviors ◽  
Interface Cracking ◽  
Hybrid Plate

The interface cracking and fracture behaviors of as-roll-bonded and heat-treated 3-ply Cu/Al/Cu clad metal were investigated Interfacial intermetallic layer were observed to be formed at the Cu/Al interface upon annealing at and above 300°C. The presence of Cu9Al4, CuAl, Cu3Al2 and CuAl2 at the Cu/Al interface was confirmed by XRD. The intermetallic reaction layer has a detrimental effect on the bonding strength of the Cu/Al/Cu clad metal, inducing interface cracks. The length of the delaminated region increased with increasing heat treatment temperature. No strain incompatibility and cracks were observed across the interface in the as roll-bonded clad composite and, for annealed clad composites at 300°C, some appreciable strain incompatibiliy developed, starting to form interface microcracks. For annealed clad composites at 450°C, the interface crack opened wide up with strain because the separated Cu and Al plate deform, developing their independent necks and fracture independently.

scholarly journals Electron Beam Melting of Ti-6Al-4V Lattice Structures; Correlation between Post Heat Treatment and Mechanical Properties

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Del Guercio ◽  
Manuela Galati ◽  
Abdollah Saboori
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Heat Treatments ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
Lattice Structures ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Aided Design

Abstract Additive Manufacturing processes are considered advanced manufacturing methods. It would be possible to produce complex shape components from a Computer-Aided Design model in a layer-by-layer manner. Lattice structures as one of the complex geometries could attract lots of attention for both medical and industrial applications. In these structures, besides cell size and cell type, the microstructure of lattice structures can play a key role in these structures' mechanical performance. On the other hand, heat treatment has a significant influence on the mechanical properties of the material. Therefore, in this work, the effect of the heat treatments on the microstructure and mechanical behaviour of Ti-6Al-4V lattice structures manufactured by EBM was analyzed. The main mechanical properties were compared with the Ashby and Gibson model. It is very interesting to notice that a more homogeneous failure mode was found for the heat-treated samples. The structures' relative density was the main factor influencing their mechanical performance of the heat-treated samples. It is also found that the heat treatments were able to preserve the stiffness and the compressive strength of the lattice structures. Besides, an increment of both the elongation at failure and the absorbed energy was obtained after the heat treatments. Microstructure analysis of the heat-treated samples confirms the increment of ductility of the heat-treated samples with respect to the as-built one.

scholarly journals Effects of Post Heat Treatment on the Mechanical Properties of Cold-Rolled Ti/Cu Clad Sheet

Metals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1672
Author(s):  
Chang-Suk Youn ◽  
Dong-Geun Lee
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Rolling Process ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Post Heat Treatment ◽  
Clad Sheet ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Bonding Properties ◽  
High Elongation ◽  
Cold Rolled

Titanium and titanium alloys have excellent corrosion and heat resistance, but weak electric and thermal conductivity. The weak conductivity of titanium can be overcome by cladding with copper, which has high conductivity. Although titanium is expensive, it is selected as a material suitable for applications requiring corrosion resistance such as in heat exchangers. This study was to investigate the effect of post heat treatment on the mechanical properties of the Ti/Cu cold-rolled clad plate by using the interfacial diffusion bonding. A titanium clad by cold rolling should be heat-treated after the rolling process to improve the bonding properties through the diffusion of metals and removal of residual stress due to work hardening, despite the easy formation of intermetallic compounds of Ti and Cu. As a result post-treatment, the elongation was improved by more than two times from 21% to max. 53% by the Ti-Cu interface diffusion phenomenon and the average tensile strength of the 450 °C heat-treated specimens was 353 MPa. By securing high elongation while maintaining excellent tensile and yield strength through post-treatment, the formability of Ti-Cu clad plate can be greatly improved.

scholarly journals Investigation of intercritical heat treatment temperature effect on microstructure and mechanical properties of dual phase (DP) steel

10.30544/293 ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-152
Author(s):  
Mohammad Davari ◽  
Mehdi Mansouri Hasan Abadi
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Work Hardening ◽  
Heat Treatment Temperature ◽  
Treatment Temperature ◽  
Dual Phase ◽  
Work Hardening Behavior ◽  
Hardening Behavior ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Intercritical Heat Treatment

In the present study, the effect of intercritical heat treatment temperature on the tensile properties and work hardening behavior of ferritic-martensitic dual-phase steel have been investigated utilizing tensile test, microhardness measurement and microscopic observation. Plain carbon steel sheet with a thickness of 2 mm was heat treated at 760, 780, 800, 820 and 840 °C intercritical temperatures. The results showed that martensite volume fraction (Vm) increases from 32 to 81%with increasing temperature from 760 to 840 °C. The mechanical properties of samples were examined by tensile and microhardness tests. The results revealed that yield strength was increased linearly with the increase in Vm, but the ultimate strength was increased up to 55% Vm and then decreased afterward. Analyzing the work hardening behavior in term of Hollomon equation showed that in samples with less than 55% Vm, the work hardening took place in one stage and the work hardening exponent increased with increasing Vm. More than one stage was observed in the work hardening behavior when Vm was increased. The results of microhardness test showed that microhardness of the martensite is decreased by increase in heat treatment temperature while the ferrite microhardness is nearly constant for all heat-treated samples.

Assessment of Mechanical Properties and Transformation Behavior of Locally-Made Ni-Ti Alloys Used in Orthodontics

2008 ◽  
Vol 55-57 ◽  
pp. 245-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nattiree Chiranavanit ◽  
Anak Khantachawana ◽  
N. Anuwongnukroh ◽  
Surachai Dechkunakorn
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Treatment Temperature ◽  
Bending Test ◽  
Hardness Tester ◽  
Ti Alloys ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Average Grain Size

Ni-Ti alloy wires have been widely used in clinical orthodontics because of their properties of superelasticity (SE) and shape memory effect (SME). The purpose of this study was to assess the mechanical properties and phase transformation of 50.7Ni-49.3 Ti (at%) alloy (NT) and 45.2Ni-49.8Ti-5.0Cu (at%) alloy (NTC), cold-rolled with various percent reductions. To investigate SE and SME, heat-treatment was performed at 400°C and 600°C for 1 h. The specimens were examined using an Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscope (EDS), Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC), Universal Testing Machine (Instron), Vickers Hardness Tester and Optical Microscope (OM). On the three-point bending test, the superelastic load-deflection curve was seen in NTC heat-treated at 400°C. Furthermore, NT heat-treated at 400°C with 30% reduction produced a partial superelastic curve. For SME, no conditions revealed superelasticity at the oral temperature. Micro-hardness value increased with greater percentage reduction. The average grain size for all specimens was typically 55-80 µm. The results showed that locally-made Ni-Ti alloys have various transformation behaviors and mechanical properties depending on three principal factors: chemical composition, work-hardening (the percent reduction) and heat-treatment temperature.

scholarly journals The Effects of Post Heat Treatment on the Microstructural and Mechanical Properties of an Additive-Manufactured Porous Titanium Alloy

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 593 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guisheng Yu ◽  
Zhibin Li ◽  
Youlu Hua ◽  
Hui Liu ◽  
Xueyang Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Energy Absorption ◽  
Porous Titanium ◽  
Absorption Efficiency ◽  
Treatment Temperature ◽  
Post Heat Treatment ◽  
Α Phase ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Energy Absorption Efficiency

In this work, Ti-6Al-4V (Ti64) porous structures were prepared by selective laser melting (SLM), and the effects of post heat treatment on its microstructural and mechanical properties were investigated. The results showed that as SLM samples were mainly composed of needle-like α′ martensite. Heat treatment at 750 °C caused α′ phase to decompose, forming a lamellar α+β mixed microstructure. As the heat treatment temperature increased to 950 °C, the width of lamellar α phase gradually increased to 3.1 μm. Heat treatment also reduced the compressive strength of the samples; however, it significantly improved the ductility of the porous Ti64. Moreover, heat treatment improved the energy absorption efficiency of the porous Ti64. The samples heat-treated at 750 °C had the highest energy absorption of 233.6 ± 1.5 MJ/m3 at ε = 50%.

Effect of Heat Treatment on the Mechanical Properties and Interface Structure of 3-ply Ti/Cu/Ti Clad Composite

2015 ◽  
Vol 1102 ◽  
pp. 51-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Keun Kim ◽  
Pyung Woo Shin ◽  
Sun Ig Hong
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Gradual Increase ◽  
Intermetallic Layer ◽  
Interface Structure ◽  
Treatment Temperature ◽  
Compound Formation ◽  
Indentation Mark ◽  
Intermetallic Compound Formation ◽  
Intermetallic Layers

The effect of heat treatment on the mechanical properties and interface structure of 3-ply Ti/Cu/Ti clad composite was investigated. Strength decreased and the ductility increased with increase of heat treatment temperature. The gradual increase of hardness at 700°C and 800°C indicates the growth of intermetallic compounds at the interface. No visible intermetallic compound formation was observed up to 400°C. The intermetallic layer grew very rapidly above 600°C and its thickness reached ~10μm after heat treatment at 800°C. The absence of cracks emanating from the corners of the indentation mark indicates that intermetallics in Ti/Cu/Ti clad are ductile enough to accommodate the micro-plastic flow from indentation. Four intermetallic layers at the interface were confirmed to be Cu4Ti, Cu3Ti2, CuTi and CuTi2 based on the EDS spectra, XRD and phase diagram analyses.

Mechanical Performance and Fracture of 3-Ply Cu/Al/Cu Clad Metals

2012 ◽  
Vol 557-559 ◽  
pp. 23-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
In Kyu Kim ◽  
Jong Su Ha ◽  
Sun Ig Hong
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Reaction Layer ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Compound Layer ◽  
Treatment Temperature ◽  
Tensile Direction ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Clad Metals ◽  
Reaction Compound

The mechanical performance and fracture of roll-bonded Cu/Al/Cu clad metal were investigated after heat treatment in the temperature range 200~500OC. In the roll-bonded 3-ply Cu/Al/Cu clad metal, no visible interfacial reaction compound and defects were observed at the interfaces, ensuring the well-bonded Cu/Al interface until the final moment of fracture in tension. The reaction layer was observed at the Cu/Al interface after annealing at and above 400OC, which deteriorated the ductility of clad metals. The thickness of the reaction layer increased with increasing heat treatment temperature. The periodic cracks were formed perpendicular to the tensile direction due to the strain mismatch between metal layers and the reaction compound layer in the clad heat treated at high temperatures at 500oC. The slip localization and delamination induced premature crack formation in Cu and Al layer, resulting in the decreased clad metal fracture strain, especially after heat treating at 500oC.

Precipitate Phases and Mechanical Properties of Heat-Treated ASTM F 90 Co-Cr-W-Ni Alloy

2014 ◽  
Vol 616 ◽  
pp. 258-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kosuke Ueki ◽  
Kyosuke Ueda ◽  
Takayuki Narushima
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Treatment Temperature ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Precipitation Behavior ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Phase Precipitate ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Ni Alloy

The precipitation behavior during heat treatment and resulting mechanical properties of ASTM F 90 Co-20Cr-15W-10Ni (mass%) alloys were investigated with regards to their biomedical applications. Heat treatment was conducted at temperatures of 873 to 1623 K, for a holding time of 259.2 ks. The precipitates produced were then electrolytically extracted from the alloys and analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD). This revealed that the precipitates formed were an M23X6 type and/or η-phase (i.e., an M6X-M12X type). The M23X6-type precipitate was detected across the entire heat-treatment temperature range; however, the η-phase precipitate was only detected at 1073 to 1473 K, becoming dominant at 1173 to 1373 K. The formation of M23X6 type precipitates at 873 K is shown to improve the mechanical properties of this alloy, whereas the domination by the η-phase precipitate at higher temperatures causes deterioration in the ductility.

Effect of Heat Treatment Temperature on the Mechanical Properties of Custom-Made NiTi Closed Coil Springs

2020 ◽  
Vol 897 ◽  
pp. 35-40
Author(s):  
Thanate Assawakawintip ◽  
Rochaya Chintavalakorn ◽  
Peerapong Santiwong ◽  
Anak Khantachawana
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Heat Treatment Temperature ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Treatment Temperature ◽  
Statistical Analyses ◽  
Outer Diameter ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Custom Made ◽  
Different Temperatures

To investigate the effects of different temperatures for heat treatment of custom-made NiTi closed coil springs. NiTi closed coil springs (50.8% Ni-49.2%Ti) were manually fabricated around a 0.9mm diameter mandrel and heat treated at temperatures of 400°C, 450°C, and 500°C for 20 minutes. The outer diameter of each specimen was measured to determine the effect of heat treatment temperature on spring geometry. Tensile tests were carried out to measure the force levels at 3, 6, 9, and 12 mm of spring extension. Non-parametric statistical analyses were done to assess and compare the effects of different temperatures of heat treatment on the custom-made orthodontic closed coil springs. Heat treatment at lower temperatures produced larger outer coil diameters than at higher temperatures. Raising the temperature of heat treatment produced significant increases in force levels by 13-18 g especially between 400°C and 500°C at spring extensions of 3, 6 and 9 mm. The highest superelastic ratio of 5.44 was found in the NiTi coil springs that were heat treatment at 500°C for 20 minutes which signifies superelastic tendencies. The mechanical properties of NiTi closed coil springs are influenced by the temperature of heat treatment. The NiTi closed coil springs that were heat treated at 500°C for 20 minutes produce appropriate force levels to display a superelastic tendency for orthodontic use.

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