Effects of Metal Oxides during Pyrolysis Sludge by Kinetic Analysis

On the basis of proximate analysis, element analysis and calorific value that carried out on the sewage sludge, thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) was conducted on the research of sewage sludge pyrolysis. The loss of sludge under different heating rates was comparative analyzed. And we calculated the activation energy by using Ozawa method, Satava method was also used to infer the most probable mechanism function and kinetic parameters. the result shows that sludge pyrolysis process can be divided into three parts as 200-450°C,450-600°C and above 600°C, the Reaction mechanism functions for the pre main two parts were G(α)=(1-α)-1 and G(α)=[-ln(1-α)]2/3respectively. Its proved that Al2O3,MgO probably inhibited the decomposition while Fe2O3,CaO,ZnO promoted the degradation of organic matters under 200-450°C. CaO and Fe2O3 showed advantage while MgO, Al2O3, ZnO turned to be disadvantagble when temperature arised to 450-600°C. At the end of pyrolysis, the advantage effects order on pyrolysis : Al2O3> Fe2O3>MgO >ZnO>CaO.

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Comparative study of the reaction kinetics of three residual biomasses

BioResources ◽

10.15376/biores.16.2.2891-2905 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

pp. 2891-2905

Author(s):

Arnaldo Martinez ◽

Lourdes Meriño ◽

Alberto Albis ◽

Jorge Ortega

Keyword(s):

Activation Energy ◽

Heating Rate ◽

Lignin Content ◽

Cellulose Degradation ◽

Calorific Value ◽

Degradation Process ◽

Proximate Analysis ◽

Cellulose Content ◽

Heating Rates ◽

Biomass Residues

Kinetic analysis for the combustion of three agro-industrial biomass residues (coconut husk, corn husk, and rice husk) was carried out in order to provide information for the generation of energy from them. The analysis was performed using the results of the data obtained by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) at three heating rates (10, 20, and 30 K/min). The biomass residues were characterized in terms of proximate analysis, elemental analysis, calorific value, lignin content, α-cellulose content, hemicellulose content, and holocellulose content. The biomass fuels were thermally degraded in an oxidative atmosphere. The results showed that the biomass thermal degradation process is comprised of the combustion of hemicellulose, cellulose, and lignin. The kinetic parameters of the distributed activation energy model indicated that the activation energy distribution for the pseudocomponents follows lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose in descending order. The activation energy values for each set of reactions are similar between the heating rates, which suggests that it is independent of the heating rate between 10 K/min and 30 K/min. For all the biomass samples, the increased heating rate resulted in the overlap of the hemicellulose and cellulose degradation events.

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Pyrolysis and Kinetic Analysis of CO2 Fixation Marine (Isochrysis sp.) and Freshwater (Monoraphidium c.) Microalgae

10.21203/rs.3.rs-578551/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Noridah B. Osman ◽

Umi Syahirah Binti Mohd Amina ◽

David Onoja Patrick ◽

Nurul Asyikin Binti Bad ir Noon Zamana ◽

Syazmi Zul Arif n Hakimi Saado ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Co2 Fixation ◽

Fixed Bed ◽

Product Yield ◽

Marine Species ◽

Pyrolysis Process ◽

Heating Rates ◽

Nitrogen Flow Rate ◽

Freshwater Microalgae ◽

Thermogravimetric Analyzer ◽

Bio Oil

Abstract Marine and freshwater microalgae grow in two different ecosystems, which influence their properties thus requires attention prior to determining its application. This paper has successfully disclosed the thermal, chemical, and physical properties of two types of microalgae on carbon dioxide (CO2) fixation and underwent pyrolysis process. Slow pyrolysis process for marine and freshwater microalgae (Isochrysis sp. and Monoraphidium c.) was performed in the fixed bed pyrolysis reactor and TGA (thermogravimetric analyzer) to determine the product yield and study their thermal decomposition profile. The pyrolysis was completed at various temperatures (400, 450, 500, and 550°C) at a heating rate of 15 °Cmin-1 and nitrogen flow rate of 200 ml min-1. Pyrolysis in TGA analyzer ran from 27 to 800°C at three heating rates (10, 20, and 40 °Cmin-1). For chemical composition, Fourier-transform Infrared (FTIR) analysis was performed on both microalgae samples. The highest yield (up to 33.9%) of bio-oil was obtained from Isochrysis sp. for all temperatures while the highest average yield (65.78%) of bio-char was collected from Monoraphidium c. species. From TGA pyrolysis, the major decomposition occurred between 200-400°C for Monoraphidium c. species. On the other hand, the decomposition profile of Isochrysis sp. was slightly slower, which may be due to the differences in lipid composition (FTIR peak 2929 cm-1). The activation energy of all tests is lower (33.6-40.3 kJ mol-1) compared to several other biomasses. Marine species fixed with CO2 showed promising results even without addition of catalyst and no additional cost needed.

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Influence of Post- and Pre-Acid Treatment during Hydrothermal Carbonization of Sewage Sludge on P-Transformation and the Characteristics of Hydrochar

Processes ◽

10.3390/pr10010151 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 151

Author(s):

Vicky Shettigondahalli Ekanthalu ◽

Satyanarayana Narra ◽

Tommy Ender ◽

Edward Antwi ◽

Michael Nelles

Keyword(s):

Liquid Phase ◽

Sewage Sludge ◽

Agricultural Land ◽

Great Influence ◽

Calorific Value ◽

Hydrothermal Carbonization ◽

Proximate Analysis ◽

Process Conditions ◽

P Recovery ◽

P Leaching

Phosphorus (P) recovery from alternative P-rich residues is essential to meet the growing demands of food production globally. Despite sewage sludge being a potential source for P, its direct application on agricultural land is controversial because of the obvious concerns related to heavy metals and organic pollutants. Further, most of the available P recovery and sludge management technologies are cost-intensive as they require mandatory dewatering of sewage sludge. In this regard, hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) has gained great attention as a promising process to effectively treat the wet sewage sludge without it having to be dewatered, and it simultaneously enables the recovery of P. This study was conducted to analyse and compare the influence of acid (H2SO4) addition during and after HTC of sewage sludge on P leaching and the characteristics of hydrochar. The obtained results suggested that despite using the same amount of H2SO4, P leaching from solid to liquid phase was significantly higher when acid was used after the HTC of sewage sludge in comparison with acid utilization during the HTC process. After HTC, the reduction in acid-buffering capacity of sewage sludge and increase in solubility of phosphate precipitating metal ions had a greater influence on the mobilization of P from solid to liquid phase. In contrast, utilization of H2SO4 in different process conditions did not have a great influence on proximate analysis results and calorific value of consequently produced hydrochar.

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Experimental Study on the Pyrolysis Characteristics of the Poplar Wood

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.521.93 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 521 ◽

pp. 93-96

Author(s):

Dong Yang ◽

Zai Qiang Lou ◽

Xiao Jie Zhang ◽

Meng Zhang

Keyword(s):

Experimental Study ◽

Thermal Hysteresis ◽

Gravimetric Analysis ◽

Poplar Wood ◽

Thermal Gravimetric ◽

Pyrolysis Process ◽

Heating Rates ◽

Pyrolysis Characteristics ◽

Thermogravimetric Analyzer ◽

Tg And Dtg

The thermal gravimetric analysis of poplar was carried out at heating rates of 20°C/min,40°C/min and 60°C/min with the thermogravimetric analyzer,model Q50.The analysis of TG and DTG curves indicates that the pyrolysis process of the poplar is divided into four stages of drying, pyrolysis preheating, pyrolysis and charring.The thermal hysteresis occurs with the heating rates increasing.

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Experimental and Numerical-Driven Prediction of Automotive Shredder Residue Pyrolysis Pathways toward Gaseous Products

Energies ◽

10.3390/en14061779 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (6) ◽

pp. 1779

Author(s):

Rafał Ślefarski ◽

Joanna Jójka ◽

Paweł Czyżewski ◽

Michał Gołębiewski ◽

Radosław Jankowski ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Laminar Flame ◽

Flame Temperature ◽

Combustion Process ◽

Calorific Value ◽

Pyrolysis Process ◽

Heating Rates ◽

Shredder Residue ◽

Gaseous Products ◽

Refuse Derived Fuel ◽

Automotive Shredder Residue

There has been a gradual increase in the field of parts recovery from cars that are withdrawn from use. However, the disposal of automotive shredder residue (ASR) still remains a significant problem. ASR is refuse derived fuel (RDF), which contains mainly plastics, fiber sponges, and rubbers in different proportions, and therefore a thermal treatment of selected waste samples is applied. The presented research includes thermogravimetry (TG) analysis and differential thermogravimetric (DTG) analysis, as well as a proximate and an ultimate analysis of the ASR samples. The obtained results were processed and used as an input for modelling. The numerical calculations focused on the identification of the ASR’s average composition, the raw pyrolysis process product, its dry pyrolytic gas composition, and the combustible properties of the pyrolytic gases. The TGA analysis with three heating rate levels covered the temperature range from ambient to 800 °C. The thermal decomposition of the studied samples was in three stages confirmed with three peaks observed at the temperatures 280, 470, and 670 °C. The amount of solid residue grew with the heating rates and was in the range of 27–32 wt%. The numerical calculation of the pyrolysis process showed that only 0.46 kg of dry gas were formed from 1 kg of ASR. The gas yield increased with the rising temperature, and, at the same time, its calorific value decreased from 19.22 down to 14.16 MJ/m3. This is due to the decomposition of C6+ hydrocarbons and the promotion of CO formation. The thermodynamic parameters of the combustion process for a pyrolytic gas air mixture, such as the adiabatic flame temperature and laminar flame speed, were higher than for methane and were, respectively, 2073 °C and 1.02 m/s.

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The Effects of Temperature and Heating Rate on the Preparation of Stalk Char

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.496.88 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 496 ◽

pp. 88-93

Author(s):

Jian Pan ◽

Lin Wang

Keyword(s):

Heating Rate ◽

Pyrolysis Temperature ◽

Calorific Value ◽

Product Yield ◽

Proximate Analysis ◽

High Yield ◽

Heating Rates ◽

Fixed Carbon ◽

Experimental Parameters ◽

Effects Of Temperature

The pyrolysis of three stalk was studied to estimate the eﬀect of pyrolysis conditions on product yield, calorific value and proximate analysis. Heating rate and pyrolysis temperature were the main experimental parameters. According to the test, when the heating rates were at 5, 10 and 15°C/min, the low heating rate reacted more thoroughly, got high yield and kept more energy. As the pyrolysis temperature rising; namely 200,300,400 and 500°C;the fixed carbon and gross calorific value were increasing to be 68% and 24.72 MJ/Kg respectively, but the yield was decreasing.

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Combustion behaviour of different types of solid wastes and their blends with lignite

Thermal Science ◽

10.2298/tsci170704219i ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 22 (2) ◽

pp. 1077-1088 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Andreas Iordanidis ◽

Argyro Asvesta ◽

Agapi Vasileiadou

Keyword(s):

Weight Loss ◽

Sewage Sludge ◽

Solid Waste ◽

Energy Recovery ◽

Calorific Value ◽

Proximate Analysis ◽

Northern Greece ◽

Inorganic Matter ◽

Different Types ◽

Value Determination

The combustion characteristics of blends of lignite with various organic waste materials are evaluated in this study in order to assess their potential for energy recovery. Different types of municipal solid waste (i. e. paper, plastic, textile, organic), as well as sewage sludge and agri-residues (sunflower shells) samples were collected from the Western Macedonia region, northern Greece. Mixtures of each one of them with lignite in different proportions (30-50-70 wt.%) were prepared. Proximate analysis, calorific value determination, and thermogravimetry (TGA/ DTG) were performed. Thermal parameters such as ignition temperature, total weight loss, maximum rate of weight loss, peak and burnout temperatures and burnout time were determined from the TG/DTG profiles of the raw materials and their blends. The combined utilization of proximate analysis, calorific value determination and TG/DTG method proved to be an effective method for a preliminary assessment of the energetic potential of raw solid waste ?combustible? materials and their blends with lignite. The analytical results revealed that most of the blends are promising for energy recovery. Regarding the raw wastes, sunflower shells were the most reactive. A non-synergistic effect was found for the blends. Organic and sewage sludge blends revealed the lowest combustibility, which is attributed to the high content of inorganic matter and the heterogeneity of these two types of wastes.

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Comprehensive Kinetic Study of Pyrolysis of Sunan Candlenut: The Effect of Using Iron Oxide, Zeolite and ZSM-5 as Bed Materials

International Journal of Heat and Technology ◽

10.18280/ijht.390219 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 39 (2) ◽

pp. 493-502

Author(s):

I Made Rajendra ◽

I Nyoman Suprapta Winaya ◽

Ainul Ghurri ◽

I Ketut Gede Wirawan

Keyword(s):

Activation Energy ◽

Iron Oxide ◽

Fixed Bed ◽

Calorific Value ◽

Volatile Content ◽

Pyrolysis Process ◽

Heating Rates ◽

Calculation Results ◽

Bed Materials ◽

Bed Material

The purpose of bed material in the pyrolysis process is to reduce the need for heat energy. In this study, three kinds of sands were observed as bed material, namely iron oxide, zeolite, and ZSM-5 in the slow fixed bed pyrolysis of sunan candlenut oilcake (SCO). To evaluate the activation energy, pyrolytic kinetics were carried out using the iso-conversional method with the KAS, OFW, and Friedman models. They involved calculating the data from the thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) test at heating rates of 5, 10, 20 and 40 K/min. Furthermore, the results showed that SCO had a high volatile content of 82.80%, alongside a calorific value of 26.93 MJ/kg. The calculation results showed that the activation energy of SCO was 169.140 kJ/mol which decreased 1.45% in the KAS model, and 1.92% in the OFW model with the addition of ZSM-5 bed material. Therefore, the use of ZSM-5 bed material in the pyrolysis process reduces the activation energy.

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Oxygen-enriched combustion of lignite

Thermal Science ◽

10.2298/tsci1504389z ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 19 (4) ◽

pp. 1389-1392 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Yong-Feng Zhang ◽

Xiang-Yun Chen ◽

Qian-Cheng Zhang ◽

Chun-Ping Li ◽

Quan Zhou

Keyword(s):

Activation Energy ◽

Kinetic Parameter ◽

Oxygen Concentration ◽

Combustion Kinetics ◽

Ozawa Method ◽

Heating Rates ◽

Thermogravimetric Analyzer ◽

Kinetics Of

The study is concerned on the oxygen-enriched combustion kinetics of lignite. Thermogravimetric experiments were carried out in a thermogravimetric analyzer under O2/N2 conditions, and operated at different heating rates ranging from 5?C per minute to 25?C per minute. Flynn-Wall-Ozawa method was used to calculate the kinetic parameter. The value of activation energy increased when the oxygen concentration varied from 21% to 70%.

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Potential Bio-Fuel from Refinery Waste through Anaerobic Digestion

Engineering Proceedings ◽

10.3390/engproc2021012068 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 68

Author(s):

Sophia Nawaz Gishkori ◽

Ghulam Abbas ◽

Aqeel Ahmad Shah ◽

Sajjad Ur Rahman ◽

Muhammad Salman Haider ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Elemental Analysis ◽

Calorific Value ◽

Volatile Matter ◽

Proximate Analysis ◽

Oil Refinery ◽

Degradation Behavior ◽

Heating Value ◽

Percentage Composition ◽

Thermogravimetric Analyzer ◽

Thermal Degradation Behavior

In this study we report biofuel potential in waste cake obtained from oil refinery. The sample was analyzed for its calorific value using auto bomb calorimeter (LECO AC-500), proximate analysis using Thermogravimetric analyzer (LECO 701) and elemental analysis using CHNS analyzer (LECO Tru-Spec). The elemental analysis of dry waste cake vs wet cake depicted the percentage composition of carbon (49.8%, 40.8%), hydrogen (7.9%, 6.0%), nitrogen (2.8%, 1.9%), Sulphur (1.9%, 0.5%) and oxygen content (37.6%, 40.4%). As for as the thermal degradation behavior of dry and wet cake in TGA is concerned, higher moisture contents (68.50%) found in wet cake and lower in dry cake (40.1%). Whereas the volatile matter in dry cake (30.9%) and low volatile in wet cake (14.3%). Similarly, %age of ash become high in dry cake (17.3%) and low in wet cake (5.11%). The results reflected that higher heating value of dry waste cake is higher (22.5 MJ/kg) than wet waste cake (20.5 MJ/kg) and commonly used sugarcane bagasse (17.88 MJ/kg).

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