Reducing the Effect of Air Pollution due to Cement Production by Using Low Cement Content Concrete with same or more Efficiency with Normal Concrete

2021 ◽  
Vol 895 ◽  
pp. 50-58
Author(s):  
Rusul Ali Aldaher ◽  
Abeer Ibraheem Khazaly ◽  
Suhad Abdulsattar Almahbobi ◽  
Qusay A. Jabal
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Cement Content ◽  
Normal Concrete ◽  
Cement Production ◽  
Ordinary Concrete ◽  
Super Plasticizer ◽  
Cost Of Construction

The research aims to decrease the effect of air pollution due to CO2 pollution that liberates during the manufacturing of cement and that can be done by using less cement content in concrete without decreasing the strength of concrete. also reducing cement in concrete leads to less cost of construction and easy work in casting and finishing in concrete works due to using super-plasticizer that makes mixes with high workability and not needs any compaction in construction .the study show higher values of compressive and flexural strength of concrete with low cement content obtained by using CF super-plasticizer admixture .250 kg/1 cubic meter concrete with CF admixture gave more improvement in compressive strength compared with 350 cement content, also 400 cement content gave more results in compressive and flexural strength compared with ordinary concrete with 550 cement content.

Evaluation of Relations among Basic Mechanical Properties of Concrete with Machine-Made Sand

2011 ◽  
Vol 418-420 ◽  
pp. 441-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feng Lan Li ◽  
Yan Zeng ◽  
Chang Yong Li
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Elastic Modulus ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Rough Surface ◽  
Design Code ◽  
Ordinary Concrete ◽  
Axial Compressive Strength ◽  
Different Characteristics

Due to many different characteristics such as irregular polygon particle with pointed edges, rough surface and larger content of stone powder, machine-made sand has ignorable effects on the properties of concrete. As the basis for the design of concrete structures, the relations among the basic mechanical properties of concrete such as compressive strength, tensile strength, flexural strength and elastic modulus should be clearly understood. This paper summarizes the test data from the published references, and discusses the relations among these properties by statistical analyses compared with those of ordinary concrete. The results show that the axial compressive strength and the tensile strength can be prospected by the same formulas of ordinary concrete specified in current Chinese design code, but the prospected tensile strength should multiply a reducing coefficient when the strength grade of concrete is lower than C30. The elastic modulus of concrete with machine-made sand is larger than that of ordinary concrete, which should be prospect by the formula in this paper. Meanwhile, the formula of flexural strength is suggested.

scholarly journals Effect of Iron Filings on the Mechanical Properties of Different Types of Sustainable Concrete

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 441-457 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sahar Jabbar Alserai ◽  
Wissam Kadhim Alsaraj ◽  
Zina Waleed Abass
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
Indirect Tensile Strength ◽  
Recycled Aggregate ◽  
Geopolymer Concrete ◽  
Normal Concrete ◽  
Natural Aggregate ◽  
Indirect Tensile

Introduction:One of Iraq’s major environmental problems is a large amount of residual iron produced by the industrial sector, which is stored in domestic waste and landfills. The reuse of construction waste gives two aims, the first is to remove large quantities of pollution resulted from these waste, the second provides cheap resources for concrete aggregates.Methods:This study conducted a series of experiments and tests to test the feasibility of reusing this iron slag and recycled concrete aggregate in concrete mixtures. Different percentages of iron filings were used in the concrete mixture at 0, 0.5%, 0.75% and 1%. Tests are done to evaluate the quality of cast iron concrete which include compressive strength (fcu), flexural strength (fr), indirect tensile strength (ft), SEM and modulus of elasticity (Ec) for four sustainable concretes.Results and Conclusion:The results show that the iron filings amount is increased to 1.0% which resulted in increasing percentage of compressive strength (fcu), flexural strength (fr), indirect tensile strength (ft), SEM and modulus of elasticity (Ec) with 10%, 32%, 42% and 11% for Geopolymer Concrete with Recycled Aggregate (GCRA), 9%, 52%,31% and 17% for geopolymer concrete with natural aggregate (GCNA), 10%, 19%,26% and 12% for Normal Concrete with Natural Aggregate (NCNA) and 23%, 19%, 67% and 14% for Normal Concrete with Recycled Aggregate (NCRA), respectively.

The Compressive and Flexural Deformation of Rubberized Concrete

2010 ◽  
Vol 168-170 ◽  
pp. 1788-1791
Author(s):  
Wan Hu Zheng ◽  
Li Juan Li ◽  
Feng Liu
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Uniaxial Compression ◽  
Tensile Strain ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Rubberized Concrete ◽  
Normal Concrete ◽  
Rubber Powder ◽  
Deformation Ability

The deformation of rubberized concrete under uniaxial compression and three-point flexure is studied in this paper by test, and the load-deflection curves and load-strain curves under three-point flexure are obtained. Three rubberized concrete, with 5%, 10% and 15% rubber contents, were tested. The test results show that rubber powder influences the compressive strength and flexural strength of concrete. The greater of the rubber dosage, the greater of the strength decreasing of concrete. The decline of compressive strength is greater than flexural strength, the ratio of flexural strength to compressive strength of rubberized concrete is 1.08, 1.16, 1.26 times of the normal concrete for three different rubber contents respectively. And the ultimate tensile strain of rubberized concrete is 1.62, 2.25, 2.80 times of the normal concrete respectively. The addition of rubber improved the toughness and deformation ability of the normal concrete.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF HYBRID FIBER ON THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF RECYCLED AGGREGATE CONCRETE

2018 ◽  
Vol 80 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sallehan Ismail ◽  
Mahyuddin Ramli
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Mechanical Strength ◽  
Impact Load ◽  
Load Resistance ◽  
Recycled Aggregate Concrete ◽  
Recycled Aggregate ◽  
Normal Concrete ◽  
Aggregate Concrete

This study investigates the effect of inclusion of polyolefin and polypropylene fibers at various volume fractions in single and hybrid forms on the mechanical properties of recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) mix that consists of treated coarse recycled concrete aggregate (RCA). Testing parameters, such as compressive strength, flexural strength, static modulus of elasticity, and impact load resistance, are utilized to evaluate the mechanical strength of specimens. The various properties of the modified RAC are also analyzed and compared with those of normal concrete and unmodified RAC specimens. Findings indicate that the mechanical strength properties of RAC mixture using treated RCA were significantly enhanced by adding fibers. The overall optimized mechanical strength results could be obtained in RAC mixtures with fiber in hybrid form, where their compressive strength at long-term curing age, can be significantly improved by 7% upto 11% higher than normal concrete. In addition, RAC mix with hybrid fibers produced the highest flexural strength and impact load resistance by an increase of 5% and 175%, respectively as compared with the control concrete.  

scholarly journals Impact of Incorporating Metakaolin on the Mechanical Performance of High Grade Concrete

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 7736-7739 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Strength Test ◽  
Strength Development ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Normal Concrete ◽  
Split Tensile Strength ◽  
Compressive Strength Test

This paper studies the effect of incorporating metakaolin on the mechanical properties of high grade concrete. Three different metakaolins calcined at different temperature and durations were used to make concrete specimens. Three different concrete mixtures were characterized using 20% metakaolin in place of cement. A normal concrete mix was also made for comparison purpose. The compressive strength test, split tensile test and flexural strength tests were conducted on the specimens. The compressive strength test results showed that all the metakaolin incorporated concrete specimens exhibited higher compressive strength and performed better than normal concrete at all the days of curing. The rate of strength development of all the mixes was also studied. The study revealed that all the three different metakaolin incorporated mixtures had different rate of strength development for all the days of hydration (3, 7,14, 28, 56 and 90), indicating that all the metakaolins possessed different rate of pozzolanic reactivity. Further, from the analysis of the test results, it was concluded that the variation in the rate of strength development is due to the differences in the temperature and duration at which they were manufactured. The results of split tensile strength test and the flexural strength test conducted on the specimens, supported the conclusions drawn from the results of compressive strength test. The paper also discusses, the rate of development of compressive strength and the pozzolanic behaviour of the metakaolins in light of their parameters of calcination and physical properties such as amorphousness and particle size. This paper has been written with a view to make the potential of metakaolin available to the construction industry at large

scholarly journals TINJAUAN HUBUNGAN KUAT TEKAN DAN LENTUR BETON DENGAN BAHAN TAMBAH SERAT BAJA UNTUK PERKERASAN PAKU

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Hermansyah Hermansyah ◽  
Muhammad Fauzie Siswanto ◽  
Ashar Saputra
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Steel Fiber ◽  
Concrete Mixture ◽  
Director General ◽  
Normal Concrete ◽  
Rigid Pavement ◽  
Concrete Quality ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The Director General of Highways issued the 2010 revision 3 specification concerning minimum flexural strength for rigid pavement of 45 kg/cm2 or approximately 4.5 MPa, but the reality of obtaining such flexural strength should be using  high enough concrete quality and it will incur considerably high cost also. In this study was using a normal concrete method with the purpose of research to know  the relationship of compressive strength and flexural of concrete with the addition of variation of fiber 0%, 0,5%, 0,65% and 0,8% from weight of the concrete mixture. The results from this research showed that the compressive strength and flexure had increased successively in the fiber variation 0%, 0.5% and 0.65% amount 31.23 MPa, 33.06 MPa, 35.23 MPa and 4.58 MPa, 4.75 MPa, 5.04 MPa. It is because the fiber contained in the concrete has a fairly even distribution of fiber and does not have clumping. When variations of fiber above 0.65% such as 0.8% variation in the direction of fiber are difficult to control and at the time of mixing occurs clumping, So the value of compressive strength and flexural of concrete are decreases. The relation of compressive strength and flexural of concrete using a variation of steel fiber to obtain equation fs = 0,1226.fc '+ 0,7173 with value R2 = 0,9915 and α 0,82. The results obtained from the test is a rather good when compared with ACI and SNI T- 15-1991-03 method.

The Effect of Integral Waterproof Admixture on some Mechanical Properties of Concrete, Absorption and Sulfate Attack Using Different Mix Proportions

2021 ◽  
Vol 895 ◽  
pp. 88-96
Author(s):  
Qusay A. Jabal ◽  
Mohammed Riyadh Al-Dikheeli
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Sulfate Attack ◽  
Cement Concrete ◽  
Normal Concrete

. This investigation aims to improving mechanical properties of normal concrete such as compressive strength, tensile strength, and flexural strength by using integral waterproof admixture (IWP) and also decreasing absorption of concrete, using different mix proportions of concrete, study shows a good increment of compressive strength for all mixes by using integral waterproof and also increasing the flexural and tensile strengths. The study contains also a sulfate attack study on normal mixes and integral waterproof mixes. Different percentages of IWP used in the study containing 0.0%, 1% ,1.5% and 2% for each 100 kg cement. Concrete mixes with 2% IWP admixture and 1:1:1.5 mix proportions give the highest values of compressive, tensile, and flexural strength in the study. compressive strength improved from 33.6MPa for reference 1:1:1.5 mix to 39.8 MPa by using IWP, also less absorption concrete obtained, the absorption was lowered from 3.5% to 1.7%, also deterioration in strength due to sulfate attack was small compared with reference mixes, same to other mixes 1:2:4, 1:1.5:3 that also improved by IWP admixture and lead to increasing mechanical properties and reducing absorption and sulfate attack.

Optimization Study of Expansive Agents of Shrinkage-Compensating Concrete

2011 ◽  
Vol 250-253 ◽  
pp. 750-754 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qin Yong Ma ◽  
Wei Huang ◽  
Peng Bo Cui
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Portland Cement ◽  
Coarse Aggregate ◽  
Splitting Tensile Strength ◽  
Normal Concrete ◽  
Bonding Force ◽  
Reinforcing Effect ◽  
Optimization Study

Using 6% HCSA, HEA and CSA equivalent replacement Slag Portland Cement add into the normal concrete, the compressive strength, splitting tensile strength and flexural strength at the age of 3d, 7d and 28d are researched. It is concluded that reinforcing effect of the three expensive agents are in order CSA, HEA and HCSA form the view of mechanics , expansive agents increase the bonding force between coarse aggregate and slurry, alleviate the development speed of cracks and increase the destruction deformability of concrete.

scholarly journals Increased Durability of Concrete Against High Temperatures due to Fire with Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-15
Author(s):  
Ahmad Hamas Sorimatua Harahap ◽  
Sumargo ◽  
Nursyafril
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Concrete Beams ◽  
Normal Concrete ◽  
Granulated Blast Furnace Slag ◽  
Temperature Exposure ◽  
Furnace Slag ◽  
Durability Of Concrete

This paper describes experimental results that focus on impacts of elevated temperature on concrete with GGBFS. GGBFS from waste of steel factory PT Krakatau Steel Tbk. has been discovered to be appropriate for geopolymer cement as substitute for cement in concrete. Normal concrete and GGBFS concrete beams (150×150×750mm) and cylindrical (150×300mm) with 40% GGBFS content as substitute of cement weight were burned for two hours, which the first beam was burned at 600°C, second beam at 700°C and third beam at 800°C. After cooling to room temperature, cylindrical and beams were tested. Compressive strength, modulus of elasticity and flexural strength were examined and compared. The results show that GGBFS increased durability of concrete and might be utilized in applications including elevated temperatures. High temperature exposure causes compressive strength of normal concrete decreased extremely up to 69.08%, compared to GGBFS concrete only 46.21%. Flexural strength decreased to 30.37% when the temperature rises to 700°C. Furthermore, it decreased significantly to 50.82% when the temperature reached 800°C.

A Comparative Study on Performance of Synthetic and Natural Fibers on Compressive and Flexural Strength of Concrete

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 97-113
Author(s):  
V ViswaTeja Turlapati ◽  
Ch. Vineel
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Natural Fibers ◽  
Polypropylene Fiber ◽  
Fiber Reinforcement ◽  
Absorption Capacity ◽  
Steel Reinforcement ◽  
Crack Control ◽  
Ordinary Concrete ◽  
Concrete Members

Ordinary concrete - a stone like structure which is formed by the chemical reaction of the cement, aggregate and water and is a brittle material which is strong in compression but very weak in tension, which causes cracks under small loads. These cracks gradually propagate to the compression end of the member and finally, the member breaks. These increase in size and magnitude with time and finally fails. One of the successful reinforcing methods is providing steel reinforcement but even then, cracks in reinforced concrete members extend freely. Thus, need for multidirectional and closely spaced steel reinforcement arises. Fiber reinforcement gives the solution for this problem. So, to increase the tensile strength of ordinary concrete a technique of introduction of fibers in concrete is being used. These fibers act as crack arrestors and prevent the propagation of the cracks, improves the post cracking response of the concrete, i.e., to improve its energy absorption capacity and apparent ductility, and crack control. The Present study focuses upon, Synthetic (Polypropylene) Fiber Reinforcement (SFRC) of 1% and 3% and Natural (Jute) Fiber Reinforcement (NFRC) of 1% and 3% by weight and are compared with respect to their compressive strength and flexural strength. The present study concludes considering the practical issue of workability of fibers, that in between synthetic and natural fibers selected, 1% Polypropylene fibers can be added as a reinforcement to ordinary concrete to enhance both compressive strength by nearly 2 times at 28 days curing duration and flexural strength by 35%% at 28 days curing duration. History and Development

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