Effects of 3-APTMS-Modified Nano-SiO2 on the Mechanical Properties and Crystallization Behavior of Polyamide-6

2016 ◽  
Vol 869 ◽  
pp. 314-319
Author(s):  
Breno D. Queiroz ◽  
Vitor L.P. Janzantti ◽  
José Donato Ambrósio
Keyword(s):  
Residence Time ◽  
Rotational Speed ◽  
Polyamide 6 ◽  
Processing Parameters ◽  
Solution Viscosity ◽  
Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽  
Melt Blending ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Capillary Rheometry ◽  
Filling Volume

Nanocomposites of polyamide-6 with nanoSiO2 surface modified by 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (3-APTMS) were prepared by melt blending in torque rheometer. Chemical modification of nanoparticles surface with 3-APTMS were observed by FTIR. Prior to nanocomposites processing, neat polyamide-6 (PA-6) was processed in a torque rheometer with varying processing parameters: polymer residence time in the chamber, rollers rotational speed, and polymer filling volume in the chamber. Two levels for each parameter were fixed. The influence of these parameters on degradation of PA-6 was determined by dilute solution viscosity and capillary rheometry. Results indicate that the best condition was achieved with the higher polymer residence time in the chamber, the higher rollers rotational speed, and the higher polymer filling volume in the chamber. With this information, PA-6 pellets were mixed with nanosilica particles unmodified and surface-capped by 3-APTMS via melt blending in torque rheometer, obtaining PA-6 composites with 1 wt.% of nanofillers. Mechanical and thermal properties of nanocomposites were evaluated by means of tensile test and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC).

Fabrication of high-density polyethylene/multiwalled carbon nanotube composites via submerged friction stir processing

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jicheng Gao ◽  
Yifu Shen ◽  
Chao Li
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Friction Stir Processing ◽  
Rotational Speed ◽  
High Density Polyethylene ◽  
Traverse Speed ◽  
High Density ◽  
Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Multiwalled Carbon ◽  
Friction Stir

The focus of this work was to study the effect of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) on morphology, mechanical, and thermal properties of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) nanocomposites. MWCNTs/HDPE nanocomposites were prepared using submerged friction stir processing (SFSP) technique. The pristine MWCNTs without any pretreatment were blended with HDPE at a fixed traverse speed of 30 mm min−1 and various rotational speeds ranging from 1200 r min−1 to 2100 r min−1. The effect of rotational speed on MWCNTs dispersion in HDPE matrix was assessed using scanning electron microscopy. The experimental results showed the rotational speed affected the disperision of the MWCNTs. The mechanical properties of the composites were measured, and the results indicated that the tensile strength increased at first and then decreased with the increase of the rotation speed. The thermal properties of MWCNTs-filled HDPE nanocomposites were studied by differential scanning calorimetry, and the crystalline content of the prepared composites by the SFSP technology was increased. From the experimental research, it was found that the SFSP technique was a practical way to fabricate polymeric composites.

Mechanical and thermal properties of impact modified PBT blends and impact modified PBT nanocomposites

2013 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 489-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ranjana Sharma ◽  
Purnima Jain ◽  
Susmita Dey Sadhu ◽  
Bikramjit Kaur
Keyword(s):  
Glycidyl Methacrylate ◽  
Breaking Strength ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Detailed Comparison ◽  
Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽  
Melt Blending ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Cloisite 30B ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Ethylene Methyl Acrylate

Abstract Elastomer toughened poly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT)/organoclay [Cloisite 30B, organo-montmorillonite (OMMT)] nanocomposites were prepared via melt blending using a micro-compounder. In this work, two types of impact modifiers, ultra low density polyethylene grafted glycidyl methacrylate (ULDPE-g-GMA, IM1) and ethylene-methyl acrylate-glycidyl methacrylate (E-MA-GMA, IM2) were used, and a detailed comparison of the effect of both was made. With respect to the impact strength, 2 wt% of ULDPE-g-GMA produced a better result as compared to 2 wt% E-MA-GMA. Therefore, 2 wt% of ULDPE-g-GMA is considered as the optimized percentage for the preparation of nanocomposites. Being an impact modifier, ULDPE-g-GMA decreases the yield stress, tensile modulus and breaking strength of pure PBT. This issue was addressed in this paper by using organoclay, which may improve the tensile properties of PBT materials. The content of ULDPE-g-GMA was kept constant, whereas organoclay (OMMT) content was varied from 2 to 5 wt% in nanocomposites. The melting and crystallization behavior of pure PBT, impact modified PBT and its nanocomposites were studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Crystalline morphology was investigated using polarizing optical microscopy (POM) at 185°C, 195°C, and 205°C crystallization temperatures. The optimum increase in tensile modulus of the elastomer toughened PBT nanocomposites was seen with a 3 wt% addition of organoclay.

scholarly journals Assessing the performance of electrospun nanofabrics as potential interlayer reinforcement materials for fiber-reinforced polymers

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 263498332110025
Author(s):  
Katerina Loizou ◽  
Angelos Evangelou ◽  
Orestes Marangos ◽  
Loukas Koutsokeras ◽  
Iouliana Chrysafi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polyvinylidene Fluoride ◽  
Mechanical Response ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Polyamide 6 ◽  
Processing Parameters ◽  
Fiber Reinforced Polymers ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Multiwalled Carbon ◽  
Reinforced Polymers

Multiscale-reinforced polymers offer enhanced functionality due to the three different scales that are incorporated; microfiber, nanofiber, and nanoparticle. This work aims to investigate the applicability of different polymer-based nanofabrics, fabricated via electrospinning as reinforcement interlayers for multilayer-fiber-reinforced polymer composites. Three different polymers are examined; polyamide 6, polyacrylonitrile, and polyvinylidene fluoride, both plain and doped with multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). The effect of nanotube concentration on the properties of the resulting nanofabrics is also examined. Nine different nanofabric systems are prepared. The stress–strain behavior of the different nanofabric systems, which are eventually used as reinforcement interlayers, is investigated to assess the enhancement of the mechanical properties and to evaluate their potential as interlayer reinforcements. Scanning electron microscopy is employed to visualize the morphology and microstructure of the electrospun nanofabrics. The thermal behavior of the nanofabrics is investigated via differential scanning calorimetry to elucidate the glass and melting point of the nanofabrics, which can be used to identify optimum processing parameters at composite level. Introduction of MWCNTs appears to augment the mechanical response of the polymer nanofabrics. Examination of the mechanical performance of these interlayer reinforcements after heat treatment above the glass transition temperature reveals that morphological and microstructural changes can promote further enhancement of the mechanical response.

scholarly journals Synthesis and investigation of SiO2-MgO coated MWCNTs and their potential application

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Krisztian Nemeth ◽  
Nikolett Varro ◽  
Balazs Reti ◽  
Peter Berki ◽  
Balazs Adam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sol Gel ◽  
Inorganic Nanoparticles ◽  
Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽  
Melt Blending ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Multiwalled Carbon ◽  
Mgo Nanoparticles ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron

Abstract In the present publication, multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) coated with SiO2–MgO nanoparticles were successfully fabricated via sol–gel method to facilitate their incorporation into polymer matrices. Magnesium acetate tetrahydrate and tetraethyl orthosilicate were used as precursors. The coated MWCNTs were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X–ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectroscopy methods. These investigation techniques verified the presence of the inorganic nanoparticles on the surface of MWCNTs. Surface coated MWCNTs were incorporated into polyamide (PA), polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP) matrices via melt blending. Tensile test and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) investigations were performed on SiO2–MgO/MWCNT polymer composites to study the reinforcement effect on the mechanical and thermal properties of the products. The obtained results indicate that depending on the type of polymer, the nanoparticles differently influenced the Young’s modulus of polymers. Generally, the results demonstrated that polymers treated with SiO2-MgO/MWCNT nanoparticles have higher modulus than neat polymers. DSC results showed that nanoparticles do not change the melting and crystallization behavior of PP significantly. According to the obtained results, coated MWCNTs are promising fillers to enhance mechanical properties of polymers.

Mechanical and thermal characterization of grafted PP-NCC nanocomposites

2019 ◽  
pp. 089270571987822
Author(s):  
Saud Aldajah ◽  
Mohammad Y Al-Haik ◽  
Waseem Siddique ◽  
Mohammad M Kabir ◽  
Yousef Haik
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Interfacial Adhesion ◽  
Thermal Characterization ◽  
Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽  
Screw Extruder ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Three Point Bending ◽  
Twin Screw ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

This study reveals the enhancement of mechanical and thermal properties of maleic anhydride-grafted polypropylene (PP- g-MA) with the addition of nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC). A nanocomposite was manufactured by blending various percentages of PP, MA, and NCC nanoparticles by means of a twin-screw extruder. The influence of varying the percentages of NCC on the mechanical and thermal behavior of the nanocomposite was studied by performing three-point bending, nanoindentation, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy tests. The novelty of this study stems on the NCC nanoparticles and their ability to enhance the mechanical and thermal properties of PP. Three-point bending and nanoindentation tests revealed improvement in the mechanical properties in terms of strength, modulus, and hardness of the PP- g-MA nanocomposites as the addition of NCC increased. SEM showed homogeneity between the mixtures which proved the presence of interfacial adhesion between the PP- g-MA incorporated with NCC nanoparticles that was confirmed by the FTIR results. DSC and TGA measurements showed that the thermal stability of the nanocomposites was not compromised due to the addition of the coupling agent and reinforced nanoparticles.

scholarly journals Effect of Nanofiller Content on Dynamic Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube and Montmorillonite Nanoclay Filler Hybrid Shape Memory Epoxy Composites

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 700
Author(s):  
Muhamad Hasfanizam Mat Yazik ◽  
Mohamed Thariq Hameed Sultan ◽  
Mohammad Jawaid ◽  
Abd Rahim Abu Talib ◽  
Norkhairunnisa Mazlan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shape Memory ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Loss Modulus ◽  
Decomposition Temperature ◽  
Hybrid Nanocomposites ◽  
Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Hybrid Filler ◽  
Dynamic Mechanical ◽  
Tan Δ

The aim of the present study has been to evaluate the effect of hybridization of montmorillonite (MMT) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) on the thermal and viscoelastic properties of shape memory epoxy polymer (SMEP) nanocomposites. In this study, ultra-sonication was utilized to disperse 1%, 3%, and 5% MMT in combination with 0.5%, 1%, and 1.5% MWCNT into the epoxy system. The fabricated SMEP hybrid nanocomposites were characterized via differential scanning calorimetry, dynamic mechanical analysis, and thermogravimetric analysis. The storage modulus (E’), loss modulus (E”), tan δ, decomposition temperature, and decomposition rate, varied upon the addition of the fillers. Tan δ indicated a reduction of glass transition temperature (Tg) for all the hybrid SMEP nanocomposites. 3% MMT/1% MWCNT displayed best overall performance compared to other hybrid filler concentrations and indicated a better mechanical property compared to neat SMEP. These findings open a way to develop novel high-performance composites for various potential applications, such as morphing structures and actuators, as well as biomedical devices.

Probing Three Distinct Crystal Polymorphs of Melt-Crystallized Polyamide 6 by an Integrated Fast Scanning Calorimetry Chip System

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoshi Zhang ◽  
Anne Gohn ◽  
Gamini Mendis ◽  
John F. Buzinkai ◽  
Steven J. Weigand ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polyamide 6 ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Fast Scanning Calorimetry

scholarly journals Modern Biodegradable Plastics—Processing and Properties Part II

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 2523
Author(s):  
Janusz W. Sikora ◽  
Łukasz Majewski ◽  
Andrzej Puszka
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
Rotational Speed ◽  
Corn Starch ◽  
Potato Starch ◽  
Reference Sample ◽  
Film Surface ◽  
Barrier Properties ◽  
Processing Parameters ◽  
Biodegradable Plastics ◽  
Film Blowing

Four different plastics were tested: potato starch based plastic (TPS-P)–BIOPLAST GF 106/02; corn starch based plastic (TPS-C)–BioComp BF 01HP; polylactic acid (polylactide) plastic (PLA)—BioComp BF 7210 and low density polyethylene, trade name Malen E FABS 23-D022; as a petrochemical reference sample. Using the blown film extrusion method and various screw rotational speeds, films were obtained and tested, as a result of which the following were determined: breaking stress, strain at break, static and dynamic friction coefficient of film in longitudinal and transverse direction, puncture resistance and strain at break, color, brightness and gloss of film, surface roughness, barrier properties and microstructure. The biodegradable plastics tested are characterized by comparable or even better mechanical strength than petrochemical polyethylene for the range of film blowing processing parameters used here. The effect of the screw rotational speed on the mechanical characteristics of the films obtained was also demonstrated. With the increase in the screw rotational speed, the decrease of barrier properties was also observed. No correlation between roughness and permeability of gases and water vapor was shown. It was indicated that biodegradable plastics might be competitive for conventional petrochemical materials used in film blowing niche applications where cost, recyclability, optical and water vapor barrier properties are not critical.

scholarly journals Chemistry of collagen cross-links: glucose-mediated covalent cross-linking of type-IV collagen in lens capsules

1993 ◽  
Vol 296 (2) ◽  
pp. 489-496 ◽  
Author(s):  
A J Bailey ◽  
T J Sims ◽  
N C Avery ◽  
C A Miles
Keyword(s):  
Type Iv Collagen ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽  
Maximum Strain ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Melting Temperatures ◽  
Type Iv ◽  
Collagen Molecules ◽  
Cross Links

The incubation of lens capsules with glucose in vitro resulted in changes in the mechanical and thermal properties of type-IV collagen consistent with increased cross-linking. Differential scanning calorimetry (d.s.c.) of fresh lens capsules showed two major peaks at melting temperatures Tm 1 and Tm 2 at approx. 54 degrees C and 90 degrees C, which can be attributed to the denaturation of the triple helix and 7S domains respectively. Glycosylation of lens capsules in vitro for 24 weeks caused an increase in Tm 1 from 54 degrees C to 61 degrees C, while non-glycosylated, control incubated capsules increased to a Tm 1 of 57 degrees C. The higher temperature required to denature the type-IV collagen after incubation in vitro suggested increased intermolecular cross-linking. Glycosylated lens capsules were more brittle than fresh samples, breaking at a maximum strain of 36.8 +/- 1.8% compared with 75.6 +/- 6.3% for the fresh samples. The stress at maximum strain (or ‘strength’) was dramatically reduced from 12.0 to 4.7 N.mm.mg-1 after glycosylation in vitro. The increased constraints within the system leading to loss of strength and increased brittleness suggested not only the presence of more cross-links but a difference in the location of these cross-links compared with the natural lysyl-aldehyde-derived cross-links. The chemical nature of the fluorescent glucose-derived cross-link following glycosylation was determined as pentosidine, at a concentration of 1 pentosidine molecule per 600 collagen molecules after 24 weeks incubation. Pentosidine was also determined in the lens capsules obtained from uncontrolled diabetics at a level of about 1 per 100 collagen molecules. The concentration of these pentosidine cross-links is far too small to account for the observed changes in the thermal and mechanical properties following incubation in vitro, clearly indicating that another as yet undefined, but apparently more important cross-linking mechanism mediated by glucose is taking place.

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