scholarly journals Sport injuries in adolescents

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanne Habelt ◽  
Carol Claudius Hasler ◽  
Klaus Steinbrück ◽  
Martin Majewski
Keyword(s):  
Sports Injuries ◽  
Head Injuries ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Individual Risk ◽  
Sport Injuries ◽  
School Sports ◽  
Horse Riding ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
Ski Injuries

In spite of the wide range of injuries in adolescents during sports activities, there are only a few studies investigating the type and frequency of sport injuries in puberty. However, this information may help to prevent, diagnose and treat sports injuries among teens. 4468 injuries in adolescent patients were treated over a ten year period of time: 66,97% were boys and 32.88% girls. The most frequent sports injuries were football (31.13%) followed by handball (8.89%) and sports during school (8.77%). The lower extremity was involved in 68.71% of the cases. Knee problems were seen in 29.79% of the patients; 2.57% spine and 1.99% head injuries. Injuries consisted primarily of distortions (35.34%) and ligament tears (18.76%); 9,00% of all injuries were fractures. We found more skin wounds (6:1) and fractures (7:2) in male patients compared to females. The risk of ligament tears was highest during skiing. Three of four ski injuries led to knee problems. Spine injuries were observed most often during horse riding (1:6). Head injuries were seen in bicycle accidents (1:3). Head injuries were seen in male patients much more often then in female patients (21:1). Fractures were noted during football (1:9), skiing (1:9), inline (2:3), and during school sports (1:11). Many adolescents participate in various sports. Notwithstanding the methodological problems with epidemiological data, there is no doubt about the large number of athletes sustain musculoskeletal injuries, sometimes serious. In most instances, the accident does not happened during professional sports and training. Therefore, school teachers and low league trainer play an important role preventing further accidence based on knowledge of individual risk patterns of different sports. It is imperative to provide preventive medical check-ups, to monitor the sport-specific needs for each individual sports, to observe the training skills as well as physical fitness needed and to evaluation coaches education.

Therapeutic options in male osteoporosis

2013 ◽  
Vol 22 (04) ◽  
pp. 271-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Farahmand ◽  
J. D. Ringe
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Male Osteoporosis ◽  
Individual Risk ◽  
Modes Of Action ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Long Term Treatment ◽  
Male Patients

SummaryOsteoporosis in men is increasingly recognized as an important public health problem but affected patients are still under-diagnosed and -treated. As in women the diagnostic and therapeutic strategy has to be adapted to the individual case. In the practical management it is very important to detect possible causes of secondary osteoporosis, to explain the possibilities of basic therapy counteracting individual risk factors and communicate that osteoporosis is a chronic disease and adherence to a long-term treatment is crucial. In established severe osteoporosis a careful analgesic therapy is important to avoid further bone loss related to immobility. In elderly men with increased risk of falling insufficient Vitamin D supply or impaired activation of Vitamin D due to renal insufficiency must be taken into consideration. Specific medications available today for the treatment of male osteoporosis comprise among antiresorptive drugs the bis phosphonates alendronate, risedronate and zoledronic acid. Denosumab, the first biological therapy is approved for men with androgen deprivation therapy for prostate cancer. An important advantage of this potent antiresorptive drug is the increased adherence due to the comfortable application by sixmonthly subcutaneous injections. Study results from the 2-year multi-center randomized controlled ADAMO-Study will very soon allow the use of denosumab in all types of male osteoporosis. Teriparatide, the 34 N-terminal amino acid sequence of parathyroid hormone was approved for men with osteoporosis as an anabolic agent based on proven efficacy by different studies. Among drugs with other modes of action the D-hormone pro-drug alfacalcidol can be used in men alone or in combination with the advantage of pleiotropic effects on calcium absorption, parathyroids, bone and muscle. Recently also Strontium-ranelate was approved for male patients with the limitation to exclude men with clinical relevant cardiovascular risk factors. In general the possibilities to treat male osteoporosis have considerably improved during recent years. Today there is a choice of a spectrum of drugs from mild to strong potency with different modes of action on bone turnover to design strategies for individual male patients.

A proof-of-concept study applying machine learning methods to putative risk factors for eating disorders: results from the multi-centre European project on healthy eating

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
I. Krug ◽  
J. Linardon ◽  
C. Greenwood ◽  
G. Youssef ◽  
J. Treasure ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Predictive Accuracy ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Prediction Rule ◽  
Predictive Performance ◽  
Individual Risk ◽  
European Project ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract Background Despite a wide range of proposed risk factors and theoretical models, prediction of eating disorder (ED) onset remains poor. This study undertook the first comparison of two machine learning (ML) approaches [penalised logistic regression (LASSO), and prediction rule ensembles (PREs)] to conventional logistic regression (LR) models to enhance prediction of ED onset and differential ED diagnoses from a range of putative risk factors. Method Data were part of a European Project and comprised 1402 participants, 642 ED patients [52% with anorexia nervosa (AN) and 40% with bulimia nervosa (BN)] and 760 controls. The Cross-Cultural Risk Factor Questionnaire, which assesses retrospectively a range of sociocultural and psychological ED risk factors occurring before the age of 12 years (46 predictors in total), was used. Results All three statistical approaches had satisfactory model accuracy, with an average area under the curve (AUC) of 86% for predicting ED onset and 70% for predicting AN v. BN. Predictive performance was greatest for the two regression methods (LR and LASSO), although the PRE technique relied on fewer predictors with comparable accuracy. The individual risk factors differed depending on the outcome classification (EDs v. non-EDs and AN v. BN). Conclusions Even though the conventional LR performed comparably to the ML approaches in terms of predictive accuracy, the ML methods produced more parsimonious predictive models. ML approaches offer a viable way to modify screening practices for ED risk that balance accuracy against participant burden.

scholarly journals Anchoring a secreted plasmodium antigen on the surface of recombinant vaccinia virus-infected cells increases its immunogenicity.

1986 ◽  
Vol 6 (9) ◽  
pp. 3191-3199 ◽  
Author(s):  
C J Langford ◽  
S J Edwards ◽  
G L Smith ◽  
G F Mitchell ◽  
B Moss ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transmembrane Domain ◽  
Poor Response ◽  
Subcellular Location ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Recombinant Vaccinia Virus ◽  
Live Virus ◽  
Recombinant Vaccinia ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Vaccinia Viruses ◽  
Infected Cells

We show that the subcellular location of foreign antigens expressed in recombinant vaccinia viruses influences their effectiveness as immunogens. Live recombinant viruses induced very poor antibody responses to a secreted repetitive plasmodial antigen (the S-antigen) in rabbits and mice. The poor response accords with epidemiological data suggesting that S-antigens are poorly immunogenic. Appending the transmembrane domain of a membrane immunoglobulin (immunoglobulin G1) to its carboxy terminus produced a hybrid S-antigen that was no longer secreted but was located on the surface of virus-infected cells. This recombinant virus elicited high antibody titers to the S-antigen. This approach will facilitate the use of live virus delivery systems to immunize against a wide range of foreign nonsurface antigens.

scholarly journals Assessing the risk for major injuries in equestrian sports

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. e000408 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lara Krüger ◽  
Maike Hohberg ◽  
Wolfgang Lehmann ◽  
Klaus Dresing
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Therapy ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Head Injuries ◽  
Trauma Centre ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Region ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Horse Riding ◽  
Limb Injuries ◽  
Prevention Programmes

Background/aimHorse riding is a popular sport, which bears the risk of serious injuries. This study aims to assess whether individual factors influence the risk to sustain major injuries.MethodsRetrospective data were collected from all equine-related accidents at a German Level I Trauma Centre between 2004 and 2014. Logistic regression was used to identify the risk factors for major injures.Results770 patients were included (87.9% females). Falling off the horse (67.7%) and being kicked by the horse (16.5%) were the two main injury mechanisms. Men and individuals of higher age showed higher odds for all tested parameters of serious injury. Patients falling off a horse had higher odds for being treated as inpatients, whereas patients who were kicked had higher odds for a surgical therapy (OR 1.7) and intensive care unit/intermediate care unit (ICU/IMC) treatment (OR 1.2). The head was the body region most often injured (32.6%) and operated (32.9%). Patients with head injuries had the highest odds for being hospitalised (OR 6.13). Head or trunk injuries lead to the highest odds for an ICU/IMC treatment (head: OR 4.37; trunk: OR 2.47). Upper and lower limb injuries showed the highest odds for a surgical therapy (upper limb: OR 2.61; lower limb: OR 1.7).ConclusionRisk prevention programmes should include older individuals and males as target groups. Thus a rethinking of the overall risk assessment is necessary. Not only horseback riding itself, but also handling a horse bears a relevant risk for major injuries. Serious head injures remain frequent, serious and an important issue to be handled in equestrians sports.

scholarly journals 5-A-SIDE SOCCER: PREVALENCE OF SPORTS INJURIES IN BRAZILIAN TEAM PLAYERS

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 553-557
Author(s):  
Thálita Gonçalves Santos ◽  
Jalusa Andreia Storch ◽  
Marília Passos Magno e Silva ◽  
Luis Felipe Castelli Correia de Campos ◽  
José Júlio Gavião de Almeida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Sports Injuries ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Shin Splints ◽  
Visual Classification ◽  
Athletic Pubalgia ◽  
Performance Training ◽  
Soccer Team

ABSTRACT Introduction: 5-a-side soccer is a sports modality exclusively for athletes with vision impairment (VI) classified as blind - B1 (Blind 1) by the visual classification process. Type of impairment and high-performance training are factors that contribute to the development of sports injuries. Objective: The purpose of this study was to characterize the prevalence of sports-related injuries in visually disabled athletes of the Brazilian 5-a-side soccer team. Methods: The method was defined as a descriptive, longitudinal, epidemiological study. The sample was composed of ten male athletes, members of the Brazilian 5-a-side soccer team, including two athletes without VI and eight athletes with the B1 visual classification, who participated in competitions in 2014. The questionnaire for the data collection was based on the Sport Injuries Protocol for Paralympic Sports (PLEEP), expressing quantitative data analyzed by descriptive statistics. Results: The results showed that, in 2014, five athletes with VI had seven sports injuries, with a prevalence of 62.5%, clinical incidence of 0.87 injuries per athlete per year, and 1.4 injuries per injured athlete. The main sports injuries were muscle strain (28.6%), groin pull (athletic pubalgia) (28.6%), and shin splints (periostitis) (28.6%). All sports injuries occurred in the lower limbs, affecting legs (71.4%) and hips (28.6%). Overload was the most frequent mechanism (57%), reported after the technical kick movement and linked to the muscle imbalance between dominant and supporting lower limbs, in addition to the postural misalignment typical of people with visual impairments. Conclusions: In summary, the Brazilian 5-a-side soccer athletes presented a pattern of overload injuries resulting from the repetition of the technical kick movement, occurring predominantly in sports competitions. Epidemiological data can contribute to the development of strategies to prevent injuries in this sport. Level of evidence II, Progressive prognostic study.

scholarly journals Effect of regional living conditions on middle-term cardiovascular outcomes: data from prospective stage of the ESSE-RF study

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 2965
Author(s):  
S. A. Maksimov ◽  
S. A. Shalnova ◽  
V. A. Kutsenko ◽  
Yu. A. Balanova ◽  
G. A. Muromtseva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Composite Endpoint ◽  
Potential Effect ◽  
Cardiovascular Death ◽  
Cardiovascular Outcomes ◽  
Living Conditions ◽  
Individual Risk ◽  
Middle Term ◽  
Wide Range

Aim. To assess regional living conditions with cardiovascular outcomes based on prospective stage of the Epidemiology of Cardiovascular Diseases and their Risk Factors in Regions of Russian Federation (ESSE-RF) study.Material and methods. We used data from a 3- and 5-year prospective stage of the ESSE-RF study (2012-2013). For initial screening, 16210 people aged 25-64 were included. To characterize the regions of residence, 5 regional indices (RIs) were used. The following endpoints were considered: cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, stroke, composite endpoint (cardiovascular death + myocardial infarction + stroke). To assess the correlations, generalized estimating equations with nested data structure (individuals in the regions) were used. The studied associations were adjusted for a wide range of potential effect modifiers.Results. There are multiple direct associations of RIs with the likelihood of all endpoints. The exception was the reverse association of Industrial RI with cardiovascular death. The most stable associations regarded Mixed RI, Industrial RI and Socio-geographical RI, with a high RI significance in endpoint development, compared with well-known individual cardiovascular risk factors. Separate associations were noted for Economic RI and Demographic RI.Conclusion. The results indicate a significant contribution of a number of regional living conditions to individual risk of fatal and non-fatal cardiovascular outcomes.

scholarly journals Occupational exposure to chronic ionizing radiation increases risk of Parkinson's disease incidence in Russian Mayak workers

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 435-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamara V Azizova ◽  
Maria V Bannikova ◽  
Evgeniya S Grigoryeva ◽  
Valentina L Rybkina ◽  
Nobuyuki Hamada
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Relative Risk ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Head Injuries ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Chronic Radiation ◽  
Occupationally Exposed ◽  
Effects Of Radiation

Abstract Background Patients receiving radiotherapy demonstrate cognitive deficits, impairment of neurogenesis and neurovascular damage developing as late side effects of radiation exposure to the head. In light of the increasing use of diagnostic radiological procedures, epidemiological data raise concerns about possible harmful effects of low-level radiation on the human brain. A series of studies of chronically exposed Russian nuclear workers have provided information on risks of cancer and non-cancer diseases. Methods This study aimed to assess the risk of Parkinson’s-disease (PD) incidence in a cohort of workers occupationally exposed to chronic radiation. The cohort comprised workers of a Russian nuclear production facility who were first employed in 1948–1982 and followed up until the end of 2013 (22 377 individuals; 25% female). Using the AMFIT module of EPICURE software, relative risk and excess relative risk per unit dose (ERR/Gy) were calculated based on maximum likelihood. Results A linear association was found between PD incidence and cumulative γ-dose after adjusting for sex and attained age [ERR/Gy = 1.02 (95% confidence interval, 0.59 to 1.63, p = 5.44 × 10–5)]. The ERR/Gy of external radiation for PD incidence was stable after adjusting for neutron dose (ERR/Gy = 1.03; 95% confidence interval: 0.59 to 1.67, p = 6.86 × 10–5). The risk increased with increasing lag period and decreased notably after adjusting for body mass index, smoking and alcohol consumption. Additional adjustments for hypertension, gout, gastric ulcer, head injuries with loss of awareness and diabetes mellitus did not affect the risk estimate. Conclusions This study is the first to suggest that PD is associated with prolonged occupational external γ-ray exposure.

scholarly journals Multi-model forecasts of the ongoing Ebola epidemic in the Democratic Republic of Congo, March–October 2019

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (169) ◽  
pp. 20200447
Author(s):  
Kimberlyn Roosa ◽  
Amna Tariq ◽  
Ping Yan ◽  
James M. Hyman ◽  
Gerardo Chowell
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Dynamic Models ◽  
Democratic Republic ◽  
Democratic Republic Of Congo ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
World Health ◽  
Logistic Growth ◽  
Richards Model ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Model Approach

The 2018–2020 Ebola outbreak in the Democratic Republic of the Congo is the first to occur in an armed conflict zone. The resulting impact on population movement, treatment centres and surveillance has created an unprecedented challenge for real-time epidemic forecasting. Most standard mathematical models cannot capture the observed incidence trajectory when it deviates from a traditional epidemic logistic curve. We fit seven dynamic models of increasing complexity to the incidence data published in the World Health Organization Situation Reports, after adjusting for reporting delays. These models include a simple logistic model, a Richards model, an endemic Richards model, a double logistic growth model, a multi-model approach and two sub-epidemic models. We analyse model fit to the data and compare real-time forecasts throughout the ongoing epidemic across 29 weeks from 11 March to 23 September 2019. We observe that the modest extensions presented allow for capturing a wide range of epidemic behaviour. The multi-model approach yields the most reliable forecasts on average for this application, and the presented extensions improve model flexibility and forecasting accuracy, even in the context of limited epidemiological data.

scholarly journals Quercetin modulates signaling pathways and induces apoptosis in cervical cancer cells

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Madhumitha Kedhari Sundaram ◽  
Ritu Raina ◽  
Nazia Afroze ◽  
Khuloud Bajbouj ◽  
Mawieh Hamad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Cell Viability ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Colony Formation ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Docking Studies ◽  
Extrinsic Pathway ◽  
M Cell ◽  
Cell Viability Assay ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract Cancer cells have the unique ability to overcome natural defense mechanisms, undergo unchecked proliferation and evade apoptosis. While chemotherapeutic drugs address this, they are plagued by a long list of side effects and have a poor success rate. This has spurred researchers to identify safer bioactive compounds that possess chemopreventive and therapeutic properties. A wide range of experimental as well as epidemiological data encourage the use of dietary agents to impede or delay different stages of cancer. In the present study, we have examined the anti-ancer property of ubiquitous phytochemical quercetin by using cell viability assay, flow cytometry, nuclear morphology, colony formation, scratch wound assay, DNA fragmentation and comet assay. Further, qPCR analysis of various genes involved in apoptosis, cell cycle regulation, metastasis and different signal transduction pathways was performed. Proteome profiler was used to quantitate the expression of several of these proteins. We find that quercetin decreases cell viability, reduces colony formation, promotes G2-M cell cycle arrest, induces DNA damage and encourages apoptosis. Quercetin induces apoptosis via activating both apoptotic pathways with a stronger effect of the extrinsic pathway relying on the combined power of TRAIL, FASL and TNF with up-regulation of caspases and pro-apoptotic genes. Quercetin could inhibit anti-apoptotic proteins by docking studies. Further, quercetin blocks PI3K, MAPK and WNT pathways. Anticancer effect of quercetin observed in cell-based assays were corroborated by molecular biology studies and yielded valuable mechanistic information. Quercetin appears to be a promising candidate with chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic potential and warrants further research.

Quantitative Risk Assessment for Viral Contamination of Shellfish and Coastal Waters

1993 ◽  
Vol 56 (12) ◽  
pp. 1043-1050 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOAN B. ROSE ◽  
MARK D. SOBSEY
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Probability Model ◽  
Enteric Virus ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
The United States ◽  
Hazard Identification ◽  
Quantitative Risk Assessment ◽  
Individual Risk ◽  
Viral Contamination

Human pathogenic viruses have been detected from approved shellfish harvesting waters based on the fecal coliform indicator. Until recently it was difficult to assess viral contamination and the potential impact on public health. Risk assessment is a valuable tool which can be used to estimate adverse effects associated with microbial hazards. This report describes the use of quantitative risk assessment for evaluating potential human health impacts associated with exposure to viral contamination of shellfish. The four fundamental steps used in a formal risk assessment are described within and include i) Hazard identification, ii) Dose-response determination, iii) Exposure assessment, and iv) Risk characterization. Dose-response models developed from human feeding studies were used to evaluate the risk of infection from contaminated shellfish. Of 58 pooled samples, 19% were found to be positive for viruses. Using an echovirus-12 probability model, the individual risk was determined for consumption of 60 g of raw shellfish. Individual risks ranged from 2.2 × 10−4 to 3.5 × 10−2. These data suggest that individuals consuming raw shellfish from approved waters in the United States may have on the average a 1 in 100 chance of becoming infected with an enteric virus. Using the rotavirus model which represents a more infectious virus, the risk rose to 5 in 10. The potential for use of a risk assessment approach for developing priorities and strategies for control of disease is immense. Epidemiological data have demonstrated the significance of shellfish-associated viral disease and, although limited, appropriate virus occurrence data are available. Additional information on virus occurrence and exposure is needed, and then scientific risk assessment can be used to better assure the safety of seafood.

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