Visual status and prevalence of eye disorders among school-age children in southern Nigeria

Aim: This study assessed the types and prevalence of eye problems among school-age children in Cross River State (CRS), Nigeria.Method: The study design was a cross-sectional analytic survey of 2418 school children aged 6–17 years from seven public and three private schools in CRS, selected using the multistage random sampling technique. Ethical approval was obtained from the Ethical Committee, CRS Ministry of Health, Nigeria. The following tests were carried out on all children enrolled in the study: researcher-administered semi-structured questionnaires, LogMAR visual acuity measurements, external and internal eye examinations, non-cycloplegic auto-refractions, retinoscopy and subjective refractions. Quality assurance was carried out to validate the data collected, and data were analysed using SPSS and EPI info.Results: A total of 2418 school children were enumerated, and 2110 (87.3%) were examined; 1117 (52.9%) were girls, and 1250 (59.2%) were 6–11 years old, while 860 (40.8%) were 12–17 years old, and 77% attended public schools. The majority, 1895 (89.9%) of the children examined, had never had an eye examination. The prevalence of eye diseases among the school children was 32.1%, and the major causes were conjunctivitis 397 (18.8%; confidence interval [CI] 19.2–13.0), refractive error 243 (11.5%; CI 10.2–13.0), glaucoma suspects 52 (2.5%; CI 1.9–3.2), amblyopia 7 (0.3%; CI 0.0–0.7) and corneal opacity 4 (0.2%; CI 0.1–0.5). Analysis using chi-square tests and logistic regression shows a positive higher association of refractive error in private (16.7%) than public schools (9.9%) (crude odds ratio [COR] 1.8150; adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 1.9129, p < 0.001), higher socio-economic status of parents (COR 2.3402, AOR 1.9819, p < 0.001), older age group (COR 1.7258, AOR 1.8202, p < 0.001) and girls (13.1%) versus boys (9.8%) (COR 0.7200, AOR 0.7144, p < 0.001).Conclusion: Physical and eye health examination of children before school entry is strongly recommended. The application of 2 D lens for children who fail a standard visual acuity test should be routine during vision screening to ensure that significant refractive errors are not missed.

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Prevalence and causes of visual impairment and blindness among school children in Muzaffarabad, Pakistan

International Journal of Scientific Reports ◽

10.18203/issn.2454-2156.intjscirep20181393 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 4 (4) ◽

pp. 93

Author(s):

Abdul Rauf Awan ◽

Junaid Jamshed ◽

Muhammad Mushtaq Khan ◽

Zahid Latif

Keyword(s):

Visual Acuity ◽

Public Schools ◽

Visual Impairment ◽

Private Schools ◽

School Children ◽

School Health ◽

Vision Loss ◽

Screening Program ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Cross Sectional

Background: Vision loss in childhood has serious implications in all stages of child’s growth and development. It poses social, educational and occupational challenges, with affected children being at greater risk of developing behavioral, psychological and emotional problems, lower self-esteem and poorer social integration. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and identify the causes of visual impairment and blindness in school children of UC Gojra, Muzaffarabad, Pakistan so that prevention strategies could be implemented.Methods: This was a school-based descriptive cross-sectional study conducted among public and private schools. A multi-stage stratified random sampling technique was used for selecting study participants aged 5-20 years from 24 schools in Muzaffarabad. The vision of school children was examined for visual acuity using standard Snellen chart. Those participants who had visual acuity of <6/18 in either eye underwent a more detailed ophthalmic examination to diagnose the causes of VI. An exploration of demographic variables was conducted using Chi-square test. Results: The mean age of participants was 10±2.83. The prevalence of visual impairment was 19.6% and 2.3% for severe visual impairment. The age group most affected by VI was 11-15 years (74.2%). There were increased chances of developing VI with advancing age of the participants. Males contributed 88.7% of the cases of VI while females contributed only 11.3%. The class category 5-6 had higher percentage of VI cases (32.7%). Public schools contributed 52.8% of the cases of VI while for private schools the corresponding percentage was 47.2%. The leading cause of VI was refractive error (89.3%) followed by amblyopia (5.0%). Other causes of VI included cataract (1.2%), corneal disease (1.8%), strabismus (1.8%) and nystagmus (0.6%).Conclusions: There is a need to implement school health policy on visual screening prior to admissions in schools and annual eye screening program for early detection and prompt treatment of eye problems among school children in Muzaffarabad.

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Nutrition Intakes and Nutritional Status of School Age Children in Ghana

Journal of Food Research ◽

10.5539/jfr.v6n2p11 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 11 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Justina Serwaah Owusu ◽

Esi Komeley Colecraft ◽

Richmond NO Aryeetey ◽

Joan Anne Vaccaro ◽

Fatma G. Huffman

Keyword(s):

Public Schools ◽

Nutritional Status ◽

Private School ◽

School Age Children ◽

School Age ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Government School ◽

Logistic Regression Models ◽

School Feeding ◽

The Government

This paper compares nutrition intakes and nutritional status of school children from two public schools in neighbouring communities of Ghana with different school feeding programmes. One hundred and eighty-two caregiver and school-age child pairs were interviewed concerning socio-demographics, dietary practices, and food security in a cross-sectional design. The independent t-test was used to compare the contribution of the publicly funded Ghana School Feeding Programme and private School Feeding Programme meals to total daily nutrient intakes of the children. Predictors of nutritional status of the children were assessed using logistic regression models. The private school feeding programme contributed more energy, protein, and micronutrients as compared to the government school feeding programme. About two-thirds (67.0%) of the children were stunted, underweight, or anaemic. Child’s age was a significant predictor of stunting. Undernutrition was prevalent among children from both programmes. Improved quality of diet from the feeding programmes may contribute to addressing malnutrition in these children.

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Factors Related to Behavior Handwashing Using Primary-School-Age Children's Soap on Rt's Covid-19 Pandemic. 008/Rw. 007 Bananas, Ciputat Timur in 2021

Muhammadiyah International Public Health and Medicine Proceeding ◽

10.53947/miphmp.v1i1.168 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 1011-1020

Author(s):

Leandra Binar Ilyasa ◽

Andriyani Asmuni ◽

Nur Romdhona ◽

Ernyasih Ernyasih

Keyword(s):

School Children ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

School Age Children ◽

P Value ◽

School Age ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Role Of Parents

About 40% of the world's human population has no place in their homes to wash their hands with soap and water. The prevalence of handwashing behavior with soap for school children in Indonesia in 2018 was 46%. In 2018 the behavior of washing hands with soap in Banten Province in the group of school children was 44.5%. South Tangerang City has a prevalence of handwashing behavior with soap in school children in 2018 of 69.12%. This research was conducted to Factors Related to the Behavior of Washing Hands with Soap for Elementary School Age Children During the COVID-19 Pandemic at RT.008/RW.007 Pisangan, East Ciputat in 2021. Cross-sectional study design with 86 people as samples, the sampling done by total sampling technique. Data analysis used chi-square test (α = 0.05). Variables related to the handwashing behavior with soap are knowledge (p-value 0,038. OR= 3,4), facilities (p-value = 0,000. OR= 76,3), the role of parents (p-value = 0,005. OR= 4,5). While variables not related to handwashing behavior with soap are attitude (p-value = 0,132. OR = 8,1). Factors Related to the Behavior of Washing Hands with Soap at RT.008 RW.007 Pisangan, East Ciputat are knowledge, facilities, the role of parents. An active parental role is needed so that they can guide, teach and be an example for their children in good handwashing behavior with soap. There is a need for prevention actions such as the distribution of handwashing soap and pamphlets containing an invitation to wash hands and this activity is under the supervision of the Pisangan Health Center

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Evaluation of the Anthelminthic Therapy of Albendazole as a Mass Drug in Elementary School in Klungkung, Bali, Indonesia

WMJ (Warmadewa Medical Journal) ◽

10.22225/wmj.6.2.4213.37-45 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 37-45

Author(s):

Putu Indah Budi Apsari

Keyword(s):

Developing Countries ◽

Elementary School ◽

Preschool Children ◽

School Children ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

School Age Children ◽

School Age ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Soil Transmitted Helminthiasis

Abstract Soil transmitted helminthiasis still remains problem among tropic and subtropics developing countries worldwide. Contribute to more than a billion morbidities of people from children to adults. Children are the most affected population by this infection. This study aims to evaluate mass drug anthelminthic therapy of albendazole in school and preschool children. A cross sectional study recruited preschool and school-age children as subject of this research. During the period of May-July 2020, fecal samples were collected one month after albendazole treatment and examined by Kato kats technique. Total 130 samples were examined, and it was found that only 1 (0.007%) was positive for Trichuris trichiura. Accordingly, we can conclude that Albendazole is effective for treating Soil transmitted helminthiasis in preschool and school-age children. Keyword: anthelminthic, albendazole, school, children

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The Prevalence and Causes of Visual Impairment among Children in Kenya – The Kenya Eye Study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-41148/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Shadrack Muma ◽

Stephen Obonyo

Keyword(s):

Visual Acuity ◽

Visual Impairment ◽

World Health Organization ◽

Refractive Error ◽

Odds Ratio ◽

Population Based ◽

World Health ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The World ◽

Health Organization

Abstract BackgroundVisual impairment impacts negatively on quality of life. Kenya has a total fertility rate of 3.5 an indication of more younger generation. However, little is known on the prevalence and causes of visual impairment in the children population of Kenya.MethodsThis cross-sectional population-based study included 3400 (1800, 52.9% female) randomly selected children with a mean age of 12 ± 2 years (range 5–16 years) in Kenya. Visual acuity was taken using snellens chart at 6 meters. Anterior and posterior segments were assessed using slit lamp and indirect ophthalmoscope. The World Health Organization formed the baseline for calculating prevalence of visual impairment.ResultsVisual acuity measurements were available for 3240 (95.3%) participants. The prevalence of visual impairment, based on pin-hole value, using World Health Organization, was 1.7 ± 0.3%. The prevalence of visual impairment, based on presenting visual acuity value, was 2.4 ± 0.7%, using the World Health Organization definition. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that the presence of visual impairment on pin-hole, according to World Health Organization definition increased significantly with increasing age (odds ratio 1.230, P = .021) and increased astigmatism (odds ratio 0.834, P = .032), but not significantly associated with socioeconomic, ocular conditions after adjusting for age and astigmatism. Lack of refractive error correction was the most common reason for presenting visual impairment. Causes of visual impairment due to presenting visual acuity were amblyopia (24%), nystagmus (14%), myopia (49%) and hyperopia (13%).ConclusionThe prevalence of visual impairment in Kenya increased significantly with socio-economic activities. Uncorrected refractive error remains the major causes of visual impairment.

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HUBUNGAN DURASI BERMAIN VIDIO GAME DENGAN KETAJAMAN PENGLIHATAN PADA ANAK SEKOLAH DI SDN 007 PULAU BIRANDANG

Jurnal Ners ◽

10.31004/jn.v3i2.396 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 11-18

Author(s):

RINDA FITHRIYANA

Keyword(s):

Visual Acuity ◽

Video Games ◽

Extracurricular Activities ◽

School Children ◽

Human Life ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Educational Process ◽

School Age Children ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Student Activities

Vision is one of the most important factors in all aspects of life including in the educational process. Although its function for human life is very important, but often eye health is less noticed, so many diseases that attack the eye are not treated properly and cause vision problems. In 2013 the prevalence of visual acuity disorders in school-age children in Indonesia increased due to activities in front of the electronic media screen such as playing video games. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship of the duration of playing video games with visual acuity in school children at SDN 007 Birandang Island in 2017. The design of this study was analytic with cross sectional design. The population in this study were all students in grade V and VI SDN 007 Birandang Island, amounting to 85 people, using a sampling technique with total sampling. The results showed that the majority of respondents played video games> 2 hours (60%), the majority of respondents had abnormal vision as many as 44 people (51.8%). The results showed that there is a relationship between the duration of playing video games with visual acuity in school children at SDN 007 Birandang Island in 2017. It is hoped that the school can create a new program in the form of extracurricular activities that are made as attractive as possible to divert student activities from playing video games.

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Prevalence and Socio-demographic Determinants of Stunting among School Age Children (SAC) in Gombe State, Nigeria

Journal of Advances in Medicine and Medical Research ◽

10.9734/jammr/2020/v32i330379 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 22-34

Author(s):

Mela Danjin ◽

Solomon O. Adewoye ◽

Henry O. Sawyerr

Keyword(s):

Public Schools ◽

Private Schools ◽

School Children ◽

Survey Design ◽

School Age Children ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Nutritional Deficit ◽

Socio Demographic Factors

Background: As one of the key indicators of malnutrition, stunting has been considered to be a very vital proxy for not only chronic nutritional deficit but for long term socioeconomic deprivation among children and the society at large. Objective: This study was aimed at determining the prevalence of stunting and its association with socio-demographic factors among school children in Gombe state, Nigeria. Methodology: The study employed a cross sectional survey design to assess school children aged 6 to 15 years in 12 public and 6 private schools from six selected Local Government Areas (LGAs) of the state. Data were collected on a structured pro forma from March to June, 2019. Analysis of the data was done using IBM SPSS version 21 and Chi square statistics was used to compare proportions, while alpha level of significance was set at 0.05. Results: The mean age of the children was 9.96±2.26 and the overall prevalence of stunting among them was 22.5%. Children in public schools were found to be more stunted (χ2=20.342, df= 1, P=0.000) and more than twice at risk (OR=2.598, CI=1.699-3.974) of stunting than their counterpart in private schools (27.3% vs. 12.6%). Low academic performance was significantly associated with high prevalence of stunting (28.4% vs. 20.9% & 18.0%) among the subjects (χ2 = 7.443, df = 2, p=0.024). Other factors that were associated with stunting include; class of pupil, age group, LGA, tribe, religion, occupation of father, occupation of mother, SES and level of education of mother. Conclusion: It is quite evident from the findings of this study that stunting is quite prevalent among school children in Gombe state. Hence, it is recommended that a multi-sectoral approach to addressing the problem be instituted by government and all stakeholders.

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HUBUNGAN DURASI BERMAIN VIDEO GAME DENGAN KETAJAMAN PENGLIHATAN ANAK USIA SEKOLAH

Jurnal Skolastik Keperawatan ◽

10.35974/jsk.v1i2.83 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 12-17

Author(s):

Fauziah Rudhiati ◽

Dyna Apriany ◽

Novani Hardianti

Keyword(s):

Visual Acuity ◽

Video Games ◽

Video Game ◽

School Age Children ◽

Bivariate Analysis ◽

School Age ◽

School Students ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Snellen Chart

ABSTRAK Pendahuluan: Gangguan penglihatan merupakan masalah kesehatan yang penting pada anak, mengingat 80% informasi selama 12 tahun pertama kehidupan anak didapatkan melalui penglihatan. Hal yang dapat memengaruhi kesehatan mata anak diantaranya adalah paparan radiasi dari layar monitor barang elektronik. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui hubungan durasi bermain video game dengan ketajaman penglihatan anak usia sekolah di SDN Majalaya 2. Metode: Metode penelitian yang digunakan Analitik Korelatif dengan rancangan cross-sectional. Sampel adalah siswa sekolah dasar kelas 3-5 sebanyak 67 orang. Data diolah dengan analisis Bivariat menggunakan uji Chi-Square. Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan sebagian besar responden memiliki durasi tidak normal saat bermain video game (>2 jam/hari atau lebih dari 14 jam/minggu) sebanyak 44 orang (65,7%). Sebagian besar dari responden termasuk katagori ketajaman tidak normal dimana nilai snellen chart (6/9â€“6/21) sebanyak 38 orang (65,7%). Hasil uji menunjukkan terdapat hubungan antara durasi bermain video game dengan ketajaman penglihatan pada Anak Usia Sekolah (Kelas III - V) di SDN Majalaya 2 (Pvalue = 0,0001). Diskusi: Disarankan agar sekolah dapat membuat program ekstrakurikuler yang dibuat semenarik mungkin untuk mengalihkan kegiatan siswa dari bermain video game, melakukan kontrol ke lapangan secara berkala ke tempat-tempat penyewaan jasa video game serta diharapkan agar perawat bersama UKS dapat mengadakan penyuluhan mengenai kesehatan mata. Kata kunci : anak sekolah, ketajaman penglihatan, video game. Â ABSTRACT Introduction: Impaired vision is an important health problem particularly in children Disturbances in visual acuity is caused by the duration of playing video games. The aim of research to determine the relationship of the duration of playing video games with visual acuity of school-age children in SDN Majalaya 2. Method: Analytical methods used correlative study with cross-sectional design. Samples are 3-5 grade elementary school students as many as 67 people. Data obtained directly using the snellen chart questionnaires and subsequent data processed bivariate analysis using chi-square test. Result: The results showed that the majority of respondents did not include the category of normal duration as many as 44 people (65.7%). Most of the respondents, including the category in which the abnormal acuity as many as 38 people (65.7%). The test results showed an association between the duration of playing video games with visual acuity in school age children (class III - V) in SDN Majalaya 2 (pvalue = 0.0001). Discussion: It is recommended that teachers make extracurricular programs are made as attractive as possible, giving a warning to the student who was caught playing a video game in school, make an agreement with puskesmas officers in order to conduct health education about the dangers of playing video games Keywords: duration of play video game, school age children, sharpness of visionÂ Full printable version: PDF

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Iodine status of school age children in the two hilly districts Dhankuta and Tehrathum of Eastern Nepal

Sunsari Technical College Journal ◽

10.3126/stcj.v1i1.7986 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 38-41

Author(s):

AK Nepal ◽

S Gautam ◽

S Khatiwada ◽

PR Shakya ◽

B Gelal ◽

...

Keyword(s):

School Children ◽

Urinary Iodine ◽

Iodine Concentration ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

School Age Children ◽

Urinary Iodine Concentration ◽

Population Parameter ◽

School Age ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Iodine Status

Background: Iodine deficiency remains a significant health problem in developing countries, including Nepal. Objective: This study was conducted to measure the iodine status of school children in two districts Dhankuta and Tehrathum of Eastern Nepal by estimating median urinary iodine concentration (UIC) as a population parameter in the school children. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from August 2010 to July 2011 in school children (6-12 years of age) of two hilly districts of Eastern Nepal, Dhankuta and Tehrathum. A total of 154 school age children from the two districts were chosen for the study after obtaining written consent from their guardians and school authority. UIC was estimated in these school children by ammonium persulphate digestion microplate method. Results: Among the school age children selected for the study median inter-quartile range (IQR) of urinary iodine in Dhankuta (n=63) and Tehrathum (n=91) districts were 214.04 (126.44; 323.0) μg/L and 252.34 (161.81; 301.63) μg/L. No significant differences were observed between the median UIC of these two districts (p=0.235). Among the school children in Dhankuta districts 2(3.2%) were severely deficient, 4(6.3%) were moderately deficient and 6(9.5%) were mildly deficient. In Tehrathum district 2(2.2%) were moderately deficient and 5(5.5%) were mildly deficient. Conclusion: The present study showed improved iodine status with optimal levels of median urinary iodine concentration in the two districts, Dhankuta and Tehrathum of Eastern Nepal. Regular monitoring of population median urinary iodine concentration is recommended for sustainable optimal iodine nutrition.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/stcj.v1i1.7986 Sunsari Technical College Journal Vol.1(1) 2012 38-41

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Visual Health and its Relationship with Screen Time among School Children: A Cross-Sectional Study in Sarawak, Malaysia

International Journal of Online and Biomedical Engineering (iJOE) ◽

10.3991/ijoe.v17i08.24607 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 17 (08) ◽

pp. 168

Author(s):

Ting Siew Leng ◽

Rosalia Saimon ◽

Md Mizanur Rahman ◽

Razitasham bt Safii ◽

Ho Siat Lian ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Visual Acuity ◽

School Children ◽

Refractive Error ◽

Significant Relationship ◽

Screen Time ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

P Value ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Visual Health

Objective: This study intended to determine visual health of the school children and investigate its relationship with screen time. Methods: This was a school-based cross-sectional study using multistage cluster sampling. A self-reported and interviewer-administered questionnaire were used to compile screen time information. Children presenting visual acuity was evaluated with Snellen chart and non-cycloplegic refraction was performed to those acuities worse than 6/12. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 22. A p-value ≤0.05 with 95% CI was considered as statistically significant. Results: About 87% children had normal or near normal visual acuity and 13% had visual impairment. The prevalence of refractive error was 22.8%. Astigmatism was the most prevailing type of refractive error, 10%. The children spent on average of 13.82 hours per week on screen time. Television is the most popular electronic devices. Boy spent more time on gaming consoles than girl. There was no statistically significant relationship between refractive error and screen time (p=0.581). Conclusion: The prevalence of refractive error among school children was 23%. The children spent nearly 14 hours per week on screen time. There was no statistically significant relationship between refractive error and screen time. Periodical children vision screening is paramount for early detection of vision impairment and provide possible intervention.

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