scholarly journals Effects of ensiling cassava peels on some fermentation characteristics and growth performance of sheep on-farm

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-121
Author(s):  
R. Niayale ◽  
W. Addah ◽  
A.A. Ayantunde
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Fibre Concentration ◽  
Microbial Characteristics ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
On Farm ◽  
Cassava Peels

This study determined the effect of drying or ensiling cassava peels on some conservation characteristics and growth performance of sheep. Fresh peels were either sun-dried to a DM of 904 g/kg or ensiled for 45 days for determination of some chemical and microbial characteristics, and growth performance of sheep. 45 Djallonké sheep were randomly assigned to three supplementary dietary treatments (Control and dried or ensiled) and fed for 70 days. Ensiling reduced the pH from 5.65 in the fresh peel to 4.15 compared to 6.15 in the dried peel. Crude protein (CP) increased from 45±0.44 g/kg DM in the fresh peel to 46±0.48 and 52±0.88 g/kg DM in the dried and ensiled peel, respectively. Reduction in neutral detergent fibre concentration was greater by ensiling than by drying. However, a greater (P = 0.001) reduction in HCN concentration was achieved by drying than by ensiling. Moulds were greater (P = 0.011) in the ensiled than dry peels. Average daily weight gain was higher (P = 0.031) for sheep offered the ensiled than the dried or Control diet. In conclusion, sun-drying was more effective at reducing HCN concentration whereas ensiling improved the CP content of cassava peels and growth performance of sheep.

scholarly journals Nutrient intake, digestibility and growth performance of Yankasa sheep fed urea-treated or untreated rice straw with supplements

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-70
Author(s):  
M. B. Ngele ◽  
T. A. Adegbola ◽  
S. E. F. Bogoro ◽  
M. Abubakar ◽  
D. J. U. Kalla
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Rice Straw ◽  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Poultry Litter ◽  
Dietary Treatment ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Dietary Treatments

A study was conducted at the Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University (ATBU) Research and Teaching Farm between December and May 2006 to determine nutrient intake, digestibility and growth performance in Yankasa rams fed urea-treated (UTRS) and untreated rice straw (URS) with supplementation. Thirty-two (32) Yankasa rams with an average weigh of 17.5kg, and aged 1.5 to 2 years old were alloted to eight (8) dietary treatments with four (4) rams per treatment in a 2 x 4 factorial design. The two basal feeds were urea0treated rice straw (UTRS) and untreated rice straw (URS). The supplements were maize bran (MB), MB + sun-dried poultry litter (MB + SDPL), MB + ensiled poultry litter (MB+ EPL) and MB + cotton seed cake (MB + CSC). Total dry matter intake (TDMI), daily basal feed intake (DBFI) were significant (P<0.05) across dietary treatments. Animals on supplements MB and MB+CSC for both UTRS and URS recorded the lowest and highest DBFI. The digestible crude protein intake (DCPI) and digestible organic matter intake (DOMI) were high for rams on UTRS and the values ranged from 17.72 to 28.36g/d and 288.81 to 482.66g/d for DCPI and DOMI respectively. Nutrient digestibility was improved by treatment of straw and supplementation. However, crude protein digestibility was similar for animals fed URS but, significantly (P<0.05) lower compared to those fed UTRS which were also similar across supplements. Average daily weight gain ranged from 53.58 to 91.18g/d across dietary treatment with animals on supplement MB recording the lowest (53.58 and 61.43g/d for URS and UTRs respectively) and those fed supplement MB+CSC the highest (81.38 and 91.18g/d fro URS and UTRS respectively) irrespective of straw treatment. Feed conversion ratio (FCR) was least for animals on supplement MB+CSC for both URS and UTRs, indicating that this supplement (MB+CSC) influenced feed utilization more positively. From the results of this trial, it may be concluded that straw treatment and/or supplementation can enhance crop residue utilization by sheep. however, mixed supplements especially MB+CSC were more efficient in enhancing the utilization of the straw and consequently animal performance.    

scholarly journals Performance of weaned male rabbits fed varied levels of dietary fumonisin B1

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 146-152
Author(s):  
E. O Ewuola ◽  
F. A Gbore ◽  
J. T Ogunlade ◽  
G. N Egbunike
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Fumonisin B1 ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Dietary Treatments

In a six-week feeding trial, a total of 48 crossbred weaned male rabbits of 7 weeks old were randomly allotted to four dietary treatments, with 12 replicates per treatment to determine growth indices and nutrient digestibility of rabbits fed fumonisin-contaminated diets. Maize grains contaminated with fumonisin B1 were incorporated into rabbit diets excluding the control diet (treatment 1, 0.13mgKg-1), at varied inclusion levels of 5.0mgKg-1, 7.5mgKg-1 and 10.0mgKg-1 fumonisin B1, constituting treatments 2, 3 and 4 respectively. The results showed that the average final live weight of rabbits fed treatments 3 and 4 were significantly (P<0.05) lower than those fed treatment 2 and the control. The average daily dry matter intake of the animals fed the dietary treatments was not significantly different. The mean daily weight gain of rabbits fed 5.0mgkg-1, 7.5mgKg-1 and 10.0mgKg-1 however declined significantly (P<0.05) by 91.23, 83.92 and 81.88% respectively, relative to the mean daily weight gain of 12.31g/rabbit/day of animals fed the control diet. The result further showed that digestibility of the nutrients of the experimental diets except crude protein, were similar among the treatments. The crude protein digestibility of rabbits fed 7.5mgKg-1and 10.0mgKg-1 were identical but significantly (P<0.05) lower than those fed 5.0mgKg-1 and the control diet. This suggests inhibition of nitrogen utilization and depressed performance in the animals fed diets containing ≥ 5.0mg fumonisin B1/Kg. Diets containing up to 7.5 mg fumonisin B1/Kg will depress live weight and daily weight gain as a result of reduced protein utilization in weaned rabbits.  

scholarly journals PSIV-22 Effect of dietary glycine on growth performance and skin collagen abundance of nursery pigs fed low crude protein diets

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 191-192
Author(s):  
Kayla E Silva ◽  
Wilfredo Mansilla ◽  
Anna Kate Shoveller ◽  
John K Htoo ◽  
John Cant ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Nursery Pigs ◽  
N Retention ◽  
Skin Collagen ◽  
Feeding Program ◽  
Dietary Treatments

Abstract Ninety-six barrows (initial BW: 6.41 ± 0.61kg) were used to determine the effect of low crude protein (CP) diets supplemented with glycine and serine (G+S) on growth performance and skin collagen abundance. Barrows were randomly assigned to 24 pens and fed 1 of 3 dietary treatments ad-libitum in a 3-phase-feeding program: 1) corn-soybean meal diet (CON; 23.6– 20.5% CP); 2) low-CP diet (19.7–14.8% CP) supplemented with G+S to achieve the same concentration of G+S as CON; 3) similar to diet 2 but supplemented with glutamate instead of G+S to maintain the same CP concentration (GLU); diets were fed for 6 weeks. Individual BW and pen feed disappearance were measured weekly. On d 35, 1 pig/pen was sacrificed for determination of body composition and N retention, and skin samples were collected for collagen analysis. Final BW and overall ADG were greater for pigs fed CON versus GLU (P < 0.05) while G+S were intermediate; feed efficiency was not influenced by diet. Carcass weights on day 35 were greater for pigs fed CON (22.4kg) versus G+S (19.0kg) or GLU (20.4 kg; P < 0.05). Viscera weights on day 35 were greater for CON (3373g) versus G+S (2912g; P < 0.05); GLU were intermediate (3186g). Overall, whole-body N retention and N intake were greater for CON (11.98, 38.3 g/d for N retention and N intake, respectively) than G+S (9.02, 27.5 g/d) and GLU (9.52, 29.1g/d; P < 0.05). On day 35, pigs fed G+S and CON had greater skin collagen abundance (72.8%,and 72.0% for G+S and CON, respectively) versus GLU (67.2%;P < 0.05). Supplementing low-CP diets with G+S maintained BW and overall ADG (versus CON), but both G+S and GLU had reduced N retention; only G+S had skin collagen abundance not different from CON. Supplementing specific non-essential amino acids as well as measures beyond growth performance should be considered when formulating low-CP diets.

Physical and Chemical Characteristics of Meats of the Indonesian Indigenous Crossbred Chickens Fed Fermented Mixture of Papaya (Carica papaya L.) Leaf and Seed Meal

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Dietary Treatment ◽  
Seed Meal ◽  
Chemical Characteristics ◽  
Breast Meat ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Physical And Chemical Characteristics ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Physical And Chemical

The objective of this present study was to investigate the effect of feeding fermented mixture of papaya leaf and seed meal (FERM) on the physical and chemical characteristics of meats of the Indonesian indigenous crossbred chicken (IICC). The study was carried out with 300 day-old IICC. The chicks were randomly distributed to five treatment groups, i.e., CONT (control diet based on corn-soybean- diet), FERMA (diet containing 1% FERM), FERMB (2.5% FERM), FERMC (5% FERM) and FERMD (7.5% FERM). Each treatment group consisted of 6 replicates with 10 IICC in each. At week 8, one chick from each replicate was randomly taken and slaughtered. After being de-feathered and eviscerated, samples from breast and thigh meats were obtained. Results showed that the increased levels of FERM was followed by the increased (P<0.05) pH values, moisture and crude protein content of breast meats of the IICC. Dietary incorporation of FERM especially at the level of 2.5% increased (P<0.05) the content of fat in the breast meat of IICC, while further increased levels of FERM did not alter (P>0.05) the fat content of the IICC breast meat. Dietary treatment did not have any effect (P>0.05) on the lightness (L*) values of breast meat of the IICC. The redness (a*) values were higher (P<0.05) in FERMD breast meat than other. FERM diet resulted in lower (P<0.05) yellowness (b*) values in the IICC breast meat. The pH values and moisture content of thigh meat increased (P<0.05) with the increased level of FERM. The WHC decreased (P<0.05) with the elevated levels of FERM in the diets. There was an increase (P<0.05) in crude protein concentration in FERMA as compared to the other meats. Crude fat and ash concentrations in thigh meat were affected (P<0.05) by the treatments. Dietary treatments had no impact (P>0.05) on L* values of thigh meats. Feeding FERM at 7.5% from diets increased (P<0.05) and decreased (P<0.05) the redness and yellowness of meats. In conclusion, dietary inclusion of FERM especially at the level of 7.5% from diets improved the physical and chemical characteristics of the IICC meats.

scholarly journals Effects of Dietary Paper Mulberry (Broussonetia Papyrifera) on Growth Performance and Muscle Quality of Grass Carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella)

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1655
Author(s):  
Tao Tang ◽  
Jinhai Bai ◽  
Zhipeng Ao ◽  
Zehong Wei ◽  
Yi Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Muscle Fiber ◽  
Grass Carp ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Fiber Diameter ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Ctenopharyngodon Idella ◽  
Muscle Quality ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Broussonetia Papyrifera

The present study investigated the effects of dietary paper mulberry (Broussonetia Papyrifera, BP) on growth performance, muscle quality and muscle growth-related mRNA expressions of grass carp. Fish (initial weight: 50.0 ± 0.5 g) were fed diets supplemented with 0% (control diet), 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% BP for 8 weeks. The results showed that increasing levels of paper mulberry linearly and quadratically decreased the special gain rate (SGR) and increased the feed conversion rate (FCR) of grass carp (p < 0.05). Significantly positive quadratic trends were found between paper mulberry levels and muscle crude fat or crude protein of grass carp (p < 0.05). In comparison to the control diet, the 10%BP and 15%BP groups had significantly decreased muscle crude fat and increased crude protein (p < 0.05). The levels of paper mulberry resulted in a linear and quadratic increase in water loss of grass carp muscle (p < 0.05), and all groups with paper mulberry supplementation were significantly higher than the control group (p < 0.05). Significant positive linear and quadratic trends were found between the paper mulberry levels and muscle fiber diameter or density of grass carp (p < 0.05). In comparison to the control diet, the significant differences were found in the 15%BP and 20%BP groups (p < 0.05). The muscle adhesiveness and hardness linearly and quadratically increased with the increasing levels of paper mulberry (p < 0.05), and both of which increased significantly when the level of paper mulberry reached 10% (p < 0.05). In addition, the increase in paper mulberry linearly and quadratically improved the expressions of myoblast determination protein (MyoD), myogenin (MyoG), paired box protein 7 (Pax7) and myostatin 1 (MSTN1) (p < 0.05). When the supplementation of paper mulberry reached 15%, the expressions of all these mRNAs were significantly higher than those of the control group (p < 0.05). In summary, adding 5% paper mulberry did not affect the growth of grass carp. However, the supplementation of 10% paper mulberry could improve muscle quality through improving muscle hardness, reducing fat accumulation and muscle fiber diameter, at the cost of reducing growth performance.

scholarly journals 77 The effect of naturally occurring levels of multiple mycotoxins on growth performance and carcass parameters of grow-finish pigs

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 54-55
Author(s):  
Leigh Ruckman ◽  
Stacie Gould ◽  
John Patience
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Economic Impact ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Carcass Parameters ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Mycotoxins may not be an issue every year, but the proper environmental conditions can cause a spike in contaminated grains and cause severe economic impact on pork producers. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of naturally occurring infections of deoxynivalenol, zearalenone and fumonisins (DZF) on growth performance and carcass parameters in grow/finish pigs. One hundred pigs (BW 34.0 ± 0.9 kg; L337 × Camborough, PIC, Hendersonville, TN) were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 dietary treatments with 10 split-sex pens/treatment. The control diet (CTL) contained low levels of DZF and the CTL+DFZ diet contained high levels of DZF. Diets were fed in 4 phases over the 126-d experiment period. The CTL diet contained 1.6, 1.6, 1.8 and 1.2 mg deoxynivalenol/kg and CTL+DZF contained 9.2, 6.9, 5.8 and 3.8 mg deoxynivalenol/kg in the 4 diet phases, respectively. The CTL contained 0.30, 0.32, 0.51 and 0.32 mg zearalenone/kg and 0.7, 0.8, 0.8 and 0.9 mg total fumonisins/kg; CTL+DFZ contained 0.59, 0.72, 0.86 and 0.57 mg zearalenone/kg and 1.0, 1.1, 1.2 and 0.9 mg total fumonisins/kg for phases one through four, respectively. Data were analyzed using PROC MIXED of SAS (9.4) with treatment, sex, and their interaction as fixed effects. Compared to CTL, feeding CTL+DFZ decreased final BW (130.3 vs 120.5 kg; P&lt; 0.001), ADG (0.95 vs 0.79 kg/d; P&lt; 0.001), ADFI (2.73 vs 2.49 kg/d; P=0.016), and G:F (0.35 vs 0.32; P=0.043). Feeding CTL+DFZ decreased HCW (92.3 vs 89.4 kg; P=0.024) and increased dressing percentage (70.9 vs 74.3%; P=0.009) and tended to reduce loin depth (7.0 vs 6.8 cm; P=0.057) compared to CTL. Diet did not affect backfat depth or lean percentage (P &gt;0.10). In conclusion, diets naturally contaminated with multiple mycotoxins reduced growth performance and adversely affected carcass parameters; pigs did not adapt over time to the mycotoxins.

330 3-nitrooxypropanol Supplementation of a Forage Diet Decreased Enteric Methane Emissions from Beef Cattle Without Affecting Apparent Total-tract Digestibility

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 186-187
Author(s):  
Aklilu Alemu ◽  
Xiu Min Zhang ◽  
Maik Kindermann ◽  
Karen A Beauchemin
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Ch4 Emissions ◽  
Ruminal Ph ◽  
Enteric Methane ◽  
Ruminant Diets ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
High Forage

Abstract Supplementation of ruminant diets with the investigational methane (CH4) inhibitor 3-nitrooxypropanol (3-NOP; DSM Nutritional Products, Switzerland) is as a promising mitigation strategy. However, most studies have examined high grain or mixed forage-concentrate diets. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of supplementing a forage diet with 3-NOP on rumen fermentation, CH4 emissions and apparent total-tract nutrient digestibility. Eight ruminally cannulated beef heifers (BW = 514 kg) were randomly allocated to two treatments in a crossover design with 49-d periods. Dietary treatments were: control, high-forage diet (90% forage DM basis) without 3-NOP; and NOP, control diet supplemented with 150 mg 3-NOP/kg DM. After a 14-d diet adaption, dry matter (DM) intake (DMI) was recorded daily. Rumen contents were collected on days 17 and 28 for volatile fatty acid (VFA) analysis, whereas ruminal pH was continuously monitored from day 20 to 27. Diet digestibility was measured on day 38 to 41 by total collection of feces. Enteric CH4 emissions were measured on days 46 to 49 in chambers. Dry matter intake was lower (P = 0.001) for NOP (10.0 kg/d) as compared with control (10.2 kg/d). However, DM, neutral and acid detergent fiber, and crude protein digestibilities were similar between treatments (P ≥ 0.29). Although total VFA concentration was not affected by treatment (P = 0.19), the reduction in acetate and increase in propionate proportion for NOP lowered (P &lt; 0.001) the acetate to propionate ratio by 18% as compared with control. Mean pH was lower (P = 0.03) for control (6.46) than NOP (6.57). Furthermore, CH4 yield (g/kg DMI) was 21.6% less (P &lt; 0.001) for NOP relative to control (25.5 g/kg DMI). Overall, the results indicate that enteric CH4 emissions were effectively decreased with 3-NOP supplementation of a forage diet without affecting apparent total-tract digestibility of nutrients.

Fat Coated Synthetic Lysine in Diets for Growing Pigs

1988 ◽  
Vol 1988 ◽  
pp. 129-129
Author(s):  
M. Ellis ◽  
D.S. Parker
Keyword(s):  
Control Diet ◽  
Soya Bean ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Feeding Regimes ◽  
Soya Oil ◽  
Bean Meal ◽  
Soya Bean Meal ◽  
Fat Supplements ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
On Farm

Synthetic lysine and fat supplements are widely used in diets for growing pigs. However, there is evidence to suggest that free lysine is more rapidly absorbed than protein bound amino acids resulting in reduced growth performance particularly under infrequent feeding regimes. In addition, the incorporation of conventional fat supplements into cereal based diets is problematic particularly where on-farm mixing of feed is carried out. One potential solution to both these problems is to use fat coated synthetic lysine sources which have recently become available and two such materials were evaluated in this study.Four dietary treatments were compared. These were a control diet (C) with soya bean meal as the protein supplement and diets in which 0.3 of the total lysine was supplied from either synthetic lysine (S) or synthetic lysine coated with a single (SC) or a double layer(DC) of hardened soya oil. All diets were barley based and were formulated to contain the same level of total lysine (0.01) and hardened soya oil.

scholarly journals Effects of amino acid biomass or feed-grade amino acids on growth performance of growing swine and poultry12

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-58
Author(s):  
Madie R Wensley ◽  
Jason C Woodworth ◽  
Joel M Derouchey ◽  
Steve S Dritz ◽  
Mike D Tokach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Suitable Alternative ◽  
Poultry Diets ◽  
Dietary Treatments

Abstract Three experiments were conducted to determine the effect of three fermented amino acids (AA) with their respective biomass compared to crystalline AA on the growth performance of swine and poultry. In experiment 1, 315 barrows (DNA 200 × 400, initially 11.3 ± 0.69 kg) were allotted to 1 of 4 dietary treatments with 5 pigs per pen and 15 or 16 pens per treatment. Dietary treatments included a negative control (16% standardized ileal digestible [SID] Tryptophan:lysine [Trp:Lys] ratio), positive control (21% SID Trp:Lys ratio from crystalline Trp), or diets containing Trp with biomass to provide 21 or 23.5% SID Trp:Lys ratios, respectively. Pigs fed the positive control or low Trp with biomass diet had increased (P &lt; 0.05) ADG compared to pigs fed the negative control diet, with pigs fed the high Trp with biomass diet intermediate. Pigs fed the low Trp with biomass diet had increased (P &lt; 0.05) G:F compared to the negative control diet, with others intermediate. In experiment 2, 1,320 1-d-old male broilers (Cobb 500, initially 45.2 g) were allotted to one of four dietary treatments with 33 birds per pen and 10 pens per treatment. Dietary treatments included a negative control (58/58% Threonine:lysine [Thr:Lys] ratio), positive control (65/66% Thr:Lys ratio from crystalline Thr), or diets containing Thr with biomass to provide 65/66 or 69/70% Thr:Lys ratios in starter and grower diets, respectively. Broilers fed the positive control or Thr with biomass diets had increased (P &lt; 0.05) ADG compared to broilers fed the negative control diet. Broilers fed the positive control or the low Thr with biomass diet had increased (P &lt; 0.05) G:F compared to the negative control and high Thr with biomass treatments. In experiment 3, 2,100 one-day-old male broilers (Cobb 500, initially 39.4 g) were allotted to one of four dietary treatments with 35 birds per pen and 15 pens per treatment. Dietary treatments included a negative control (59/63% Valine:lysine [Val:Lys] ratio), positive control (75/76% Val:Lys ratio from crystalline Val), or diets containing Val with biomass to provide 75/76 or 84/83% Val:Lys ratios in starter and grower diets, respectively. Broilers fed the positive control or Val with biomass diets had increased (P &lt; 0.05) ADG, ADFI, and G:F compared to those fed the negative control diet. In conclusion, Trp, Thr, or Val with their respective biomass appear to be equally bioavailable and a suitable alternative to crystalline AA in swine and poultry diets.

scholarly journals Intestinal morphology and growth performance of the Indonesian indigenous crossbred chickens supplemented with formic acid and Saccharomyces cerevisiae

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 348-355
Author(s):  
S. N. Erya ◽  
H. I. Wahyuni ◽  
T. Yudiarti ◽  
E. Widiastuti ◽  
S. Sugiharto
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Formic Acid ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Intestinal Morphology ◽  
Intestinal Ecology

The study investigated gut ecology and morphology of the Indonesian indigenous crossbred chickens (IICC) supplemented with the combination of formic acid and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Two hundreds day-old IICC were distributed to T0 (control diet), T1 (T0 + 0.2% formic acid), T2 (T0 + 0.3% S. cerevisiae), T3 (T0 + 0.2% formic acid and 0.3% S. cerevisiae). Excreta was collected at week 8, while intestinal ecology and morphology were determined at week 9. In duodenum, T3 chicks showed higher and wider (P<0.05) villi. The T2 and T3 chicks showed deeper (P<0.05) crypt than that of T0. The jejunal villi was higher (P<0.05) in T3 than in T0. The T3 chicks had deeper (P<0.05) crypt compared to other groups. In ileum, the villi height was lowest (P<0.05) in T0. The crypt was deeper (P<0.05) in T3 than in other. Crude protein digestibility coefficient was highest (P<0.05), while fecal protein was loswest (P<0.05) in T1 than in other groups. Compared to T0, the treated IICC showed higher (P<0.05) weight gain and feed intake with T3 had the highest gain and intake but gain:feed rasio was the lowest (P>0.05). IIn conclusion, the inclusion of formic acid and S. cerevisiae in diets improved intestinal ecology and morphology. The IICC chickens fed with formic acid and S. cerevisiae exhibited improved growth performance and nutrient digestibility. 

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document