Formulation and Antimicrobial Evaluation of Isopropyl Hand Sanitizer using Co-processed Excipients

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-20
Author(s):  
O.D. Akin-Ajani ◽  
T.O. Ajala ◽  
M.A. Ogunnubi
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Isopropyl Alcohol ◽  
Rank Order ◽  
Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose ◽  
Physical Appearance ◽  
Rheological Behaviour ◽  
Application Site ◽  
Drying Time ◽  
Hand Sanitizer ◽  
Pharmaceutical Properties

Background: In response to the Ebola virus outbreak in West Africa in the year 2014, which caused the Ebola haemorrhagic fever, the WHO alcohol-based hand rub formulation was adopted in addition to regular hand washing to prevent the spread. However, other formulation factors rather than alcohol concentration alone can greatly influence the overall antimicrobial efficacy of hand disinfectants.Objective: To formulate an antimicrobial hand sanitizer using co-processed carriers.Methodology: Carbopol (F), HPMC (G) and co-processed forms of both polymers in batches- 1:1(A), 1:2(B), 1:4(C), 2:1(D) and 4:1(E) respectively were used. The polymers were characterized, and used as carriers in formulating hand sanitizers (A to G). The formulated hand sanitizers were evaluated for physical appearance, pH, clarity, viscosity, drying time and antimicrobial activity, in comparison to a commercially available hand sanitizer (CAHS).Results: Co-processing significantly (p0.05) improved both hydration capacity of carbopol and viscosity of HPMC. The physical appearance, pH and opacity were maintained throughout the study. All the formulations showed dilatant rheological behaviour while the CAHS exhibited plastic flow. The drying times for the formulated hand sanitizers were comparable to CAHS but longer than isopropyl alcohol implying prolonged action at application site. The antimicrobial activity of the formulations was of the rank order isopropyl alcohol>B>F>CAHS>D>E>C>G>A.Conclusion: Co-processing of excipients improved the pharmaceutical properties of the hand sanitizers with antimicrobial activity that was comparable to CAHS but lower than isopropyl alcohol. The hand sanitizer formulated with polymer batch B, demonstrated optimum antimicrobial and pharmaceutical properties and may be developed for commercial use. Keywords: Hand sanitizer formulation, Isopropyl alcohol, Carbopol, Hydroxypropyl MethylCellulose, Co-processed excipient.

Antimicrobial Activity, Safety and Acceptability of Formulated Ginger-fortified Hand Sanitizer Gel

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
O David ◽  
F Olatunji ◽  
M Alese ◽  
T Babalola ◽  
O Alese
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Hand Sanitizer

scholarly journals Fluoroquinolone Amorphous Polymeric Salts and Dispersions for Veterinary Uses

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanah Mesallati ◽  
Anita Umerska ◽  
Lidia Tajber
Keyword(s):  
Solid Dispersions ◽  
Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose ◽  
Amorphous Solid ◽  
Ionic Bond ◽  
Amorphous Solid Dispersions ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Poorly Soluble ◽  
Pure Drug ◽  
Poorly Soluble Drug ◽  
Pharmaceutical Properties

Enrofloxacin (ENRO) is a poorly soluble drug used in veterinary medicine. It differs from the more widely used fluoroquinolone ciprofloxacin (CIP) by the presence of an ethyl substituent on its piperazine amino group. While a number of recent studies have examined amorphous composite formulations of CIP, little research has been conducted with ENRO in this area. Therefore, the main purpose of this work was to produce amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) of ENRO. The solid-state properties of these samples were investigated and compared to those of the equivalent CIP ASDs, and their water uptake behavior, solubility, dissolution, and antibacterial activity were assessed. Like CIP, X-ray amorphous solid dispersions were obtained when ENRO was ball milled with acidic polymers, whereas the use of neutral polymers resulted in semi-crystalline products. Proton transfer from the carboxylic acids of the polymers to the tertiary amine of ENRO’s piperazine group appears to occur in the ASDs, resulting in an ionic bond between the two components. Therefore, these ASDs can be referred to as amorphous polymeric salts (APSs). The glass transition temperatures of the APSs were significantly higher than that of ENRO, and they were also resistant to crystallization when exposed to high humidity levels. Greater concentrations were achieved with the APSs than the pure drug during solubility and dissolution studies, and this enhancement was sustained for the duration of the experiments. In addition, the antimicrobial activity of ENRO was not affected by APS formation, while the minimum inhibitory concentrations and minimum bactericidal concentrations obtained with the APS containing hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinate grade MG (HPMCAS-MG) were significantly lower than those of the pure drug. Therefore, APS formation is one method of improving the pharmaceutical properties of this drug.

scholarly journals The Efficiency of Hand Sanitizers Against Microbes From Coins

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
sandy yasser hashash ◽  
Wafaa Menawi ◽  
Suha Hashash ◽  
Iman Namrouty ◽  
Hana Bashoti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Research Group ◽  
Health Sciences ◽  
Microscopical Examination ◽  
Taxi Drivers ◽  
Hand Sanitizer ◽  
National University ◽  
Plastic Bag ◽  
Repeated Use ◽  
Sterile Plastic

Abstract Objective:This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of hand sanitizers against bacteria from circulating coins during COVID 19 era.Method:22-coin samples have been collected by the research group from taxi drivers in Nablus city, Then the samples were transferred in a sterile plastic bag to the Microorganism Laboratory (17B1140) at the Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences at An-Najah National University. The collected coins were swabbed with normal saline and cultured on nutrient agar for enrichment. After their appearance, the grown colony has been sub-cultured on Blood, MacConkey, and Uri select, for identification with the assistance of microscopical examination and chemical tests for confirmation. To answer the question of the study, four different sanitizers have been applied to measure their antimicrobial activity against microbes from circulating metal coins. Result:The results showed that sanitizer A (Hand sanitizer gel) (ג'ל להיגיינת הידיים ללא צורך , בשטיפה ובמים) is the most effective one of the four sanitizers that were used, followed by sanitizer (D)(HiGeen )(JO), then sanitizer (C)(National ) (PS), while sanitizer (B)(Icona London) (UK) was the least effective one.Conclusion:The research group have conducted research on coins circulated from taxi drivers during COVID 19 era, hence the number of isolated bacteria was low, due to the current sterilization and prevention behaviors like the using of sanitizers containing 70% of alcohol, which was the best among the used types in the current study as well as it has been observed that excessive use of alcohol- based hand sanitizers can cause microorganisms resistant and or less affected to repeated use of hand sanitizer. Hence, Hand sanitizers may need to be used appropriately in combination with other procedures.

scholarly journals Comparison of Antimicrobial Activity between Chemical Disinfectants on Contaminated Orthodontic Pliers

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. 619-623 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mateus Rodrigues Tonetto ◽  
Marcos André dos Santos da Silva ◽  
Milton Carlos Kuga ◽  
Matheus Coelho Bandeca ◽  
Célia Regina Maio Pinzan-Vercelino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Peracetic Acid ◽  
Isopropyl Alcohol ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Immersion Method ◽  
Chemical Substances ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group 5

ABSTRACT Aim To compare the antimicrobial activity of the chemical substances—70% isopropyl alcohol, 2% glutaraldehyde (GTA) and 0.25% peracetic acid (PAA) in disinfecting orthodontic pliers contaminated in vitro with Streptococcus mutans, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans. Materials and methods Distal end cutter pliers were divided into five groups: group 1 (negative control—sterilized pliers), group 2 (positive control—sterilized plier, subsequently contaminated), group 3 (disinfected with 70% isopropyl alcohol, friction method), group 4 (disinfected with 2% GTA, immersion method for 30 minutes), group 5 (disinfected with 0.25% peracetic acid (PAA), immersion method for 10 minutes). After the pliers were treated with one disinfectant and submitted to microbiological evaluation (by counting colony forming units), they were submitted to the same cleansing, sterilizing and contaminating processes, and were used in the following groups (crossover and washout study). The two-factor analysis of variance (ANOVA) test, followed by the Tukey test, was used to compare the groups. Results The results showed that there was no statistically significant difference between the three tested disinfectants. Conclusion Although there were no statistically significant differences between the disinfectants, the chemical agents 2% glutaraldehyde and 0.25% PAA were effective in inhibiting the growth of the three microorganisms tested; however, 70% isopropyl alcohol was unable to completely eliminate S. aureus. Clinical significance The chemical substances 2% glutaraldehyde and 0.25% PAA completely eliminated the microorganisms tested. How to cite this article Carvalho MRA, dos Santos da Silva MA, de Sousa Brito CAR, Campelo V, Kuga MC, Tonetto MR, De Jesus Tavarez RR, Bandéca MC, Pinzan-Vercelino CRM. Comparison of Antimicrobial Activity between Chemical Disinfectants on Contaminated Orthodontic Pliers. J Contemp Dent Pract 2015;16(8):619-623.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Activity of Perspiration Pads and Cotton Cloth Fabricated with the Ethyl Acetate Extract of Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
P. Lalitha ◽  
P. Jayanthi ◽  
R. Sujitha
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Eichhornia Crassipes ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Test Sample ◽  
Cotton Cloth ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Textile Materials ◽  
Pharmaceutical Properties ◽  
Bacteriostatic Property

Waterhyacinth is one of the most dangerous aquatic weeds causing various ecological and environmental issues. The plant has several pharmaceutical properties in spite of its harmful nature. In the present study, perspiration pads and cotton cloth fabricated with the ethyl acetate extract of waterhyacinth were evaluated for its activity against Corynebacterium. Perspiration pads and samples of cotton cloth were fabricated with ethyl acetate extract of Eichhornia crassipes by three methods, namely, dipping, sonication, and homogenization. The antimicrobial activity of the fabricated textile materials was tested against Corynebacterium, a microorganism commonly seen in human sweat. Disc diffusion method (AATCC 147) was used for evaluating the antimicrobial nature of the fabricated samples. Sonication was found to be efficient for coating of the extract on the cotton cloth, whereas dipping method was found to be efficient in case of perspiration pads. No bacterial growth was observed under and on the fabricated cloth and perspiration pads indicating that the fabrics possess bacteriostatic property and not bactericidal property and the absence of leaching of the extract. The results showed significant antimicrobial activity of the ethyl acetate extract of Eichhornia crassipes coated onto fabrics against Corynebacterium with no growth under and on the test sample.

Formulation and evaluation of herbal gel for management of mouth ulcers

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 226-230
Author(s):  
K. Upadhye ◽  
K Charde ◽  
G Dixit ◽  
S Bakhle
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Plant Extract ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Physical Appearance ◽  
Gelling Agent ◽  
Herbal Drugs ◽  
Herbal Extracts ◽  
Common Condition ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Mouth Ulcer

: or mouth ulcers is the most common condition that we encounter. Clinically the lesions are single or multiple superficial and deep sealed and are associated with microbial invasions.: This study was conducted with the aim of evaluating the effectiveness of herbal drugs for treatment of In the research work, mouth ulcer gels were formulated incorporating the extracts of as and using 934 as the gelling agent. Seven batches were formulated by varying the concentration of the herbal ingredients (F1 to F7)The prepared formulations were evaluated for various parameters like physical appearance, pH, Homogeneity and antimicrobial activity against fungi and bacteria. The antimicrobial activity was also compared with a marketed gel formulation. All the prepared formulation using different concentration of plant extract showed the pH values in between 6.1±0.2 to 7.0±0.1. The values ranged between the 5.0 to 8.0 cm. Out of all the formulations, formulation F7 containing all the three herbal extracts showed a goodand very promising antimicrobial activity comparable with a marketed gel. Thus stable, effective gels containing herbal ingredients for management of mouth ulcers can be developed.

Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Film-Forming Gels for the Controlled Delivery of Drugs with Different Levels of Hydrophobicity

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khanh T. Nguyen ◽  
Phuong H.L. Tran ◽  
Hai V. Ngo ◽  
Thao T.D. Tran
Keyword(s):  
Sustained Release ◽  
Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose ◽  
Controlled Delivery ◽  
Drying Time ◽  
Terbinafine Hydrochloride ◽  
Sustained Drug Delivery ◽  
Film Forming ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Highly Hydrophobic ◽  
Different Levels

Background: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of hydrophobic and hydrophilic film-forming gels (FFGs) on the controlled delivery of drugs with different levels of hydrophobicity. Methods: This evaluation was carried out by employing zein and polyvinylpyrrolidone as hydrophobic and hydrophilic film-forming agents, respectively, in combination with hydroxypropyl methylcellulose functionalized as a hydrogel basement at a ratio that had been optimized to achieve the fastest drying time. Free curcumin or terbinafine hydrochloride was subsequently dispersed into blank FFGs to produce the final FFG formulations. Results: Although the extreme hydrophobicity of curcumin strongly limited its topical permeability compared to that of terbinafine hydrochloride, zein FFGs clearly resulted in a favourable sustained release system for highly hydrophobic drugs, such as curcumin. Moreover, polyvinylpyrrolidone would be highly effective for the sustained release of a less hydrophobic drug, such as terbinafine hydrochloride. Analyses of the wettability, surface morphology, chemical interactions and crystallinity of FFGs also helped to elucidate the mechanisms of their drug release profiles. Conclusion: This fundamental finding is beneficial for further design studies on FFGs as sustained drug delivery systems for topical drugs with a wide range of hydrophobicities.

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