scholarly journals Therapeutic effect of Xuezhitong capsule on microvascular angina

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (9) ◽  
pp. 1991-1997
Author(s):  
Xiaomei Ma ◽  
Dehui Yang ◽  
Weichun Shen ◽  
Wei Liang ◽  
Qian Lin
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Therapeutic Effect ◽  
Conventional Treatment ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Vascular Endothelial ◽  
Beijing City ◽  
Microvascular Angina ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Hs Crp

Purpose: To determine the therapeutic effect of Xuezhitong capsule in patients with microvascular angina (MVA), and its impact on vascular endothelial function.Methods: In total, 172 MVA patients treated in Beijing City Fengtai District Nanyuan Hospital from September 2017 to September 2019 were selected and randomized into control group which received conventional treatment, and treatment group which received Xuezhitong capsules plus. There were 86 patients in each group. Therapeutic effect, levels of inflammatory factors, i.e., high-sensitivity C- reactive protein (hs-CRP), interleukin-(IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and vascular endothelial factors such as nitric oxide (NO), thromboxane B2 (TXB2) and endothelin (ET), were determined.Results: Markedly higher total treatment effectiveness was observed in the treatment group than in the control group (89.53 % vs. 72.94 %; p < 0.05). In both groups, treatment reduced the levels of hs-CRP, IL-6, TNF-α, TXB2 and ET, but elevated NO, with better results for treatment group than the control group (p < 0.05). Better optimizations of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TGs), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) were observed in the treatment group, relative to the control group (p < 0.05). Patients in the treatment group experienced fewer (8.14%) adverse reactions than those in control group (21.18 %, p < 0.05).Conclusion: Xuezhitong capsule, when combined with conventional treatment, exerts high therapeutic effectiveness and safety in MVA patients by inhibiting inflammatory reactions, optimizing endothelialfunction, reducing blood lipid levels, and decreasing the incidence of cardiovascular adverse events. Thus, the combination therapy is a potentially superior therapeutic strategy to the conventional approach for the management of MVA patients.

Effect of obstructive sleep apnea on carotid artery intima media thickness related to inflammation

2017 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Delei Kong ◽  
Zheng Qin ◽  
Wei Wang ◽  
Jian Kang
Keyword(s):  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Intima Media Thickness ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Vascular Endothelial ◽  
Carotid Imt ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Hs Crp ◽  
Endothelial Growth Factor

Purpose: Obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) is an independent risk factor for atherosclerosis. To ascertain the effect of OSAHS on the development of atherosclerosis in Chinese OSAHS patients, we evaluated markers of atherosclerosis as well as vascular endothelial function and inflammation. Methods: Chinese men with polysomnography-diagnosed OSAHS were subgrouped into mild-moderate (n = 28) and severe (n = 54) OSAHS groups on the basis of apnea hypopnea index (AHI) scores. The control group was made up of 30 healthy men. Atherosclerosis was assessed by carotid artery intima-media thickness (IMT) of both sides, flow-mediated dilation (FMD), and inflammation by interleukin-6 (IL-6), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) levels. Results: Linear regression analysis was used to identify significant associations among risk factors and carotid IMT. The following parameters were significantly higher in patients with severe OSAHS than in the control group: waking triglycerides, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, apolipoprotein B, blood uric acid, blood glucose, IL-6 and hs-CRP. FMD in severe OSAHS patients was lower than in the control group. AHI score, waking hs-CRP, waking oxidized low-density lipoprotein, blood glucose, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) level were positively associated with IMT. Conclusions: In Chinese male patients with severe OSAHS, the significantly higher carotid IMT and levels of inflammatory factors (IL-6 and hs-CRP) and lower FMD suggest that arterial endothelial damage and inflammation may play important roles in the development of atherosclerosis in OSAHS patients.

scholarly journals Clinical study on wenmaitongguan decoction combined with Moxibustion in the treatment of lower extremity arteriosclerosis obliterans

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 39-49
Author(s):  
Fuxu GE ◽  
Jingbao WANG ◽  
Laijie LIU ◽  
Wansheng LI ◽  
Bin ZHAO
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Intermittent Claudication ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Inflammatory Factor ◽  
Vascular Endothelial ◽  
Arteriosclerosis Obliterans ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
The Difference

Objective To explore the efficacy of wenmaitongguan decoction combined with Moxibustion in the treatment of lower extremity arteriosclerosis obliterans. Methods From January 2020 to January 2021, 150 patients with lower extremity arteriosclerosis obliterans were randomly divided into treatment group (76 cases) and control group (74 cases). The treatment group was treated with wenmaitongguan decoction combined with moxibustion, and the control group was treated with alprostadil. The clinical efficacy, the distance of intermittent claudication, brachial femoral index, no, endothelin-1 and inflammatory factor (TNF-α、CRP) were compared between the two groups before treatment, 7 days and 4 weeks after treatment。 Results 1. There was no difference in vascular endothelial function before treatment (P > 0.05); The level of ET-1 in the treatment group was significantly lower than that in the control group at 7 days and 4 weeks after treatment (P < 0.05), while the level of no in the treatment group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P < 0.05). 2. The level of ABI and intermittent claudication at 7 days and 4 weeks after treatment were significantly improved (P < 0.05), The difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). 3. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF--α) in two groups、 Comparison of C-reactive protein (CRP),before treatment，There was no difference in CRP、TNF-α (P > 0.05); The level of water in the treatment group was significantly lower than that in the control group 7 days and 4 weeks after treatment (P < 0.05). Conclusion: wenmaitongguan decoction combined with moxibustion can alleviate clinical symptoms by reducing vascular endothelial injury, reducing vascular endothelial inflammatory reaction, restoring vascular tension, expanding peripheral blood vessels and improving peripheral microcirculation.

Effect of HylocereusPolyrhizus Rind Extract Toward Interleukin-1β, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Expression, Endometriosis Implant Area

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (08) ◽  
Author(s):  
YanuarEka P. ◽  
Hendy Hendarto ◽  
Widjiati .
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Vascular Endothelial ◽  
Mice Model ◽  
Endothelial Growth Factor ◽  
Fruit Rind

Retrograde menstruation lead to I Kappa B Kinase (IKK) fosforilation in peritoneum macrophage and cause secretion of proinflammatory cytokine interleukin1β then stimulate endometriosis cell to produce Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor which lead to increasing of endometriosis lession seen as endometriosis implant area. Cytokine secretion was inhibited through prevention of NF-κB activation by dragon red fruit rind extract (Hylocereuspolyrhizus). The aim of this reserach is to know the effect of dragon red fuit rind extract with 0,25; 0,5; and 1 mg/g bodyweight dosage toward IL-1β, VEGF expression and implant area in endometriosis mice model. The design of this experiment was randomized post test only control group design.Endometrios mice model were made in 14 days and split into two group, positive control group and treatment group after two week negative control group and postive control group were given Na-CMC 0,5% solution consequetively, and treatment group were given dragon red fruit extract with different dosage. Signification number for IL-1β is p>0,05, signification number for VEGF is p>0,05, and implant area signification number is p>0,05. Administration of dragon red fruit rind extract can decrease IL-1β, VEGF, and implant area.

scholarly journals Comparison of the Effects of Ticagrelor and Clopidogrel on Inflammatory Factors, Vascular Endothelium Functions and Short-Term Prognosis in Patients with Acute ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction Undergoing Emergency Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: a Pilot Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 385-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chang-Zheng Gao ◽  
Qian-Qian Ma ◽  
Jing Wu ◽  
Rui Liu ◽  
Fen Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Endothelium ◽  
Coronary Intervention ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Vascular Endothelial ◽  
St Segment Elevation ◽  
Acute Stemi ◽  
St Segment ◽  
Percutaneous Coronary ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Hs Crp

Background/Aims: Acute ST-segment elevation of myocardial infarction (STEMI) is the most severe type of acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Particular attention has been focused on studying the pathogenesis of STEMI, and how to prevent thrombosis, reduce inflammatory reaction, stabilize plaques and improve vascular endothelial functions to preserve the survived myocardium. This study aimed to compare the anti-inflammatory endothelium-protective effects, clinical prognosis, and relevant bleeding risks of ticagrelor versus clopidogrel in patients with STEMI who underwent urgent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and provide certain experimental evidence and a theoretical basis for the selection of safe and effective drugs and their proper dosage, thereby further guiding clinical medication. Methods: We sequentially enrolled 193 patients (104 males and 89 females) admitted to hospital due to acute STEMI. These patients underwent urgent PCI between December 2013 and May 2015 and met the inclusion criteria. They were assigned (1: 1) into two groups according to different treatments, 97 patients in the ticagrelor group (treatment group), and 96 patients in the clopidogrel group (control group). Levels of hypersensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and endothelial cell-specific molecule 1 (ESM-1) taken at admission and 24 h, 4 days, and 7 days after administration, as well as the correlation between the levels of IL-6, hs-CRP, and ESM-1, were determined in the two groups. At the same time, the effects of treatment with ticagrelor and clopidogrel on the efficacy endpoint events (ischemic and safety) were explored. Results: No statistically significant difference was found in the levels of hs-CRP, IL-6, or ESM-1 at admission between the two groups (P> 0.05); Their levels were significantly elevated 24 h after administration, with statistical differences between two groups (P< 0.05). Furthermore, a downward trend with statistically significant differences was found on Day 4 and Day 7 (P< 0.05); ESM-1 levels increased along with increases of hs-CRP and IL-6 levels, indicating ESM-1 was positively correlated with hs-CRP (r=0.523, P< 0.001) and IL-6 (r=0.431, P< 0.001); and the occurrence rates of ischemic endpoint events at 30 days were lower in the treatment group than in the control group. The occurrence of safety endpoint events was higher than in the control group; however, no statistically significant difference was found (P> 0.05). Conclusions: Compared with clopidogrel, ticagrelor appears to rapidly reduce the prevalence of inflammatory reactions and stabilize the functions of vascular endothelium to improve the stability of atherosclerotic plaque and decrease the occurrence rate of thrombosis as well as ischemic outcome events without any obvious increase in the risk of bleeding in patients with acute STEMI receiving urgent PCI. This renders it a potential drug for clinical practice. At the same time, measurement of ESM-1, a new biological marker for vascular endothelial function disorder, could possibly become a simple, effective, and practical new method for clinical evaluation of risk stratification of patients with acute STEMI at admission.

scholarly journals Effects of combined use of atorvastatin and losartan in treating patients with diabetic nephropathy

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 205873921879670
Author(s):  
Chao Ding ◽  
Xiaohua Hu
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Nephropathy ◽  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Cardiovascular Events ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Blood Lipid ◽  
Inflammatory Factors ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Vascular Endothelial ◽  
Observation Group ◽  
Vascular Endothelial Function

This study is to investigate the effect of atorvastatin combined with losartan on inflammatory factors, vascular endothelial function, and cardiovascular events in patients with diabetic nephropathy. A total of 128 patients with diabetic nephropathy treated in our hospital from January 2014 to December 2015 were selected as the study subjects, and 64 cases were randomly divided into observation group and 64 cases in the control group. The control group was treated with losartan on the basis of routine treatment, and the observation group was treated with atorvastatin on the basis of the control group. The blood lipid, inflammatory factors, changes in vascular endothelial function and cardiovascular events were compared between the two groups. The levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were not significantly different between the two groups before treatment ( P > 0.05); after treatment, the levels of TC, TG, and LDL-C in the observation group were significantly lower than those of the control group, and the level of HDL-C was significantly higher than that of the control group ( P < 0.05). The levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin 6 (IL-6) were not statistically different between the two groups before treatment ( P > 0.05); after treatment, the levels of hs-CRP, TNF-α, and IL-6 in the observation group were significantly lower than those of the control group ( P < 0.05), the level of HDL-C was significantly higher than that of the control group ( P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in the levels of endothelin-1 (ET-1) and nitric oxide (NO) between the two groups before treatment ( P > 0.05). After treatment, the level of ET-1 in the observation group was significantly lower than that of the control group ( P < 0.05), and the level of NO was significantly higher than that of the control group ( P < 0.05). After treatment, all patients were followed up for 2 years, and the incidence of secondary cardiovascular events in the observation group was 12.50% (8/64), which was significantly lower than 29.69% (19/64) of the control group ( P < 0.05). Combination of atorvastatin and losartan can significantly improve the levels of blood lipid, inflammatory factors, and vascular endothelial function in patients with diabetic nephropathy and can effectively reduce the incidence of cardiovascular events.

l-Carnitine-induced amelioration of HFD-induced hepatic dysfunction is accompanied by a reduction in hepatic TNF-α and TGF-β1

2018 ◽  
Vol 96 (6) ◽  
pp. 713-725 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mabrouk Attia Abd Eldaim ◽  
Fatma Mohamed Ibrahim ◽  
Saher Hassan Orabi ◽  
Azza Hassan ◽  
Hesham Saad El Sabagh
Keyword(s):  
Protein Expression ◽  
High Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
High Density ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Tgf Β1

In this study, we evaluated the possible mechanisms through which l-carnitine ameliorates the adverse effects from obesity in rats, induced with a high-fat diet (HFD). For this, 56 albino Wister rats were randomly assigned to 7 groups. The control group was fed a basal diet and injected with saline. The second group was fed the basal diet and injected with l-carnitine (200 mg/kg body mass, by intraperitoneal injection; i.p.). The third group were fed the HFD. The fourth group was fed the HFD and injected with l-carnitine (200 mg/kg body mass, i.p.) for 8 weeks. The fifth group was fed the HFD for 10 weeks. The sixth group were fed the HFD for 10 weeks and were also injected with l-carnitine (200 mg/kg body mass, i.p.) during the final 2 weeks. The seventh group was fed the HFD diet for 8 weeks then the basal diet for 2 weeks. The HFD induced significantly increased levels of hyperglycemia, lipid peroxidation, pathological changes, TNF-α and TGF-β1 protein expression in hepatic tissue, food intake, body weight gain, serum levels of total and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, ketone bodies, triacylglycerol, urea, creatinine, AST, and ALT. However, the HFD diet significantly decreased serum levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and hepatic levels of reduced glutathione. l-Carnitine ameliorated the effects of the HFD on the above-mentioned parameters. This study indicated that l-carnitine had protective and curative effects against HFD-induced hepatosteatosis by reducing hepatic oxidative stress and protein expression of TNF-α and TGF-β1.

Abstract 441: Gamma-glutamyltransferase and Markers of Subclinical Atherosclerosis in Patients with Psoriasis

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenan Demircioglu ◽  
Feyza Aksu ◽  
Mustafa Caliskan ◽  
Yusuf Yilmaz
Keyword(s):  
Subclinical Atherosclerosis ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Intima Media Thickness ◽  
Carotid Intima Media Thickness ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Gamma Glutamyltransferase ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Hs Crp

Introduction: Gamma-glutamyltransferase(GGT) plays a catalytic role in degradation of glutathione. Serum GGT is accepted as a marker of oxidative stress.The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between serum GGT levels and epicardial adipose tissue (EFT) thickness, carotid intima media thickness (CIMT) measurements in patients with psoriasis. Methods: The study population included 89 patients with psoriasis and 79 healthy volunteers. After overnight fasting, blood samples were taken for to determine blood glucose levels and establishing cholesterol profiles including TG, TC, LDL cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol; GGT; and high- sensitivity C-reaktive protein (hs-CRP) levels. A high-resolution B-mode ultrasound machine (Toshiba, aplio XU) with a 7.5 MHz linear transducer used for examing CIMT.The right common carotid artery (CCA), approximately 1 cm proximal to the bifurcation, was longitudinally selected and CIMT was defined as the distance between the intima and the media. Results: 89 patients with psoriasis (age:41.7±10.9 years;41 women, 48 men), and 71 healthy control subjects (age:40.4±8.2 years;39 women, 32 men) were included. There were no significant variation for age and sex between two groups(p>0.05).The hs-CRP and GGT values were significantly higher in psoriasis, compared with the controls (hs-CRP:1.35(0.9-3.6)mg/l for psoriasis group, 0.45(0.29-0.79)mg/l for control group, p<0.001; GGT:20.6±9.6 U/l for psoriasis group, 16.7±8.0 U/l for control group, p=0.02. In psoriatic patients, CIMT and EFT were significantly inreased (0.60(0.50-0.68)mm vs. 0.50 (0.40-0.60)mm;p=0.007, 0.67±0.20cm; 0.27±0.12cm; p<0.001, respectively) compared with the control group. CIMT significantly positively correlated with EFT, age, BMI, diastolic BP and GGT.EFT significantly positively correlated with GGT, CIMT, age, hs-CRP, systolic BP and TG and negatively correlated with HDL cholesterol. Discussion: The pathophysiology of atherosclerosis in psoriasis is not fully explained.GGT may be used as an indicator of subclinical atherosclerosis like CRP.

Investigating platelet-activating factor as a potent proinflammatory mediator in coronary atherosclerotic patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Shler Ghafoor Raheem
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Atherosclerosis ◽  
Platelet Activating Factor ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Prognostic Indicator ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Surgical Specialty ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Hs Crp

The inflammatory reaction is one of the complications in patients with coronary atherosclerosis. This study aimed to determine the diagnostic value of platelet-activating factor (PAF) compared with high sensitivity C reactive protein (hs-CRP) in coronary atherosclerotic patients. Fifty patients with coronary atherosclerosis and 30 subjects with normal angiography were considered as the control group attending Cardiac Center-Surgical Specialty Hospital - in Erbil city / Iraq. The levels of PAF and hs-CRP were estimated quantitatively using a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and a particle-enhanced immune turbid metric assay, respectively. Lipid profiles and some hematological indexes were also used in this study. The levels of the inflammatory biomarkers of PAF and hs-CRP increased significantly in the patients group compared with controls (p<0.05). Although the patients group showed the highest level of low-density lipoprotein (LDL), the difference was not significant (p>0.05) compared with the healthy control. However, the incidence of risk factors such as smoking and obesity showed a significant difference (p<0.05) in the patients group. Additionally, the PAF level correlated positively and significantly with hs-CRP (p<0.05), and negatively with high-density lipoprotein (HDL) (p>0.05). Although hs-CRP was a valuable diagnostic marker for coronary atherosclerosis, the PAF level showed to be a better prognostic indicator than hs-CRP in coronary atherosclerosis patients.

scholarly journals Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Musa acuminata Stem

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (02) ◽  
pp. 294-298
Author(s):  
Maharani Laillyza Apriasari ◽  
Selviana Rizky Pramitha ◽  
Dewi Puspitasari ◽  
Diah Savitri Ernawati
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Musa Acuminata ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Mucosal Wound ◽  
Inflammatory Effect

Abstract Objective This study was designed to assess the anti-inflammatory effect of Musa acuminata through the expression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and nuclear factor kappa β (NF-κB) after 3 days of application of Musa acuminata stem extract (MASE) gel on oral mucosal wound. Materials and Methods An experimental study with post-test only control group design was conducted. Twenty male Rattus norvegicus (Wistar) were injured on their left buccal mucosa and treated three times a day with MASE gel of varying concentrations: 0% (as control), MASE 25%, MASE 37.5%, and MASE 50%. On day 3, a biopsy was performed on each mucosal wound for later immunohistochemical analysis for the expressions of TNF-α and NF-κB. Results The highest expression of TNF-α was observed in the control group (13.20 ± 1.79), while the lowest was in the treatment group using 50% MASE (6.40 ± 1.14). Meanwhile the comparison between treatment groups did not highlight any significant difference (p > 0.05). The highest expression of NF-κB was observed in the control group (13.20 ± 1.30), whereas the lowest was in the treatment group using MASE 50% (6.40 ± 1.14). NF-κB was significantly lower in the treatment group using MASE 50% when compared with other treatment groups (p < 0.05). Conclusion Application of MASE on mucosal wound reduces the expression of TNF-α and NF-κB at all concentrations. The anti-inflammatory effect of MASE 50% was the strongest one.

Therapeutic Lifestyle Modification Program Reduces Plasma Levels of the Chemokines CRP and MCP-1 in Subjects With Metabolic Syndrome

2011 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eui Geum Oh ◽  
So Youn Bang ◽  
Soo Hyun Kim ◽  
Sa Saeng Hyun ◽  
Sang Hui Chu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Lifestyle Modification ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Retinol Binding Protein ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Hs Crp

Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a 6-month therapeutic lifestyle modification (TLM) program on chemokines related to oxidative stress, inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, and arterial stiffness in subjects with metabolic syndrome (MetS). Methods: The authors performed a randomized controlled trial, assigning 52 women (mean age 62.7 ± 9.0 years) with MetS to a TLM intervention group ( n = 31) or a control group ( n = 21). The authors provided the TLM intervention group with health screening, exercise, low-calorie diet, and health education and counseling for 6 months and instructed the control group to maintain their usual lifestyle behaviors. Outcome variables included levels of myeloperoxidase (MPO), oxidized low-density lipoprotein (LDL), adiponectin, leptin, resistin, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), CD40L, monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP-4), endothelin-1, and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity. The authors used generalized estimating equation (GEE) analyses to estimate the effects of the TLM program. Results: After the 6-month TLM program, hs-CRP levels decreased significantly, and MCP-1 levels increased at a significantly slower rate in the TLM group than they did in the control group (all p < .05). Conclusion: These results indicate that a TLM program could be effective for improving patient inflammatory states and may also be effective in preventing cardiovascular complications in subjects with MetS.

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