scholarly journals Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Musa acuminata Stem

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (02) ◽  
pp. 294-298
Author(s):  
Maharani Laillyza Apriasari ◽  
Selviana Rizky Pramitha ◽  
Dewi Puspitasari ◽  
Diah Savitri Ernawati
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Musa Acuminata ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Mucosal Wound ◽  
Inflammatory Effect

Abstract Objective This study was designed to assess the anti-inflammatory effect of Musa acuminata through the expression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and nuclear factor kappa β (NF-κB) after 3 days of application of Musa acuminata stem extract (MASE) gel on oral mucosal wound. Materials and Methods An experimental study with post-test only control group design was conducted. Twenty male Rattus norvegicus (Wistar) were injured on their left buccal mucosa and treated three times a day with MASE gel of varying concentrations: 0% (as control), MASE 25%, MASE 37.5%, and MASE 50%. On day 3, a biopsy was performed on each mucosal wound for later immunohistochemical analysis for the expressions of TNF-α and NF-κB. Results The highest expression of TNF-α was observed in the control group (13.20 ± 1.79), while the lowest was in the treatment group using 50% MASE (6.40 ± 1.14). Meanwhile the comparison between treatment groups did not highlight any significant difference (p > 0.05). The highest expression of NF-κB was observed in the control group (13.20 ± 1.30), whereas the lowest was in the treatment group using MASE 50% (6.40 ± 1.14). NF-κB was significantly lower in the treatment group using MASE 50% when compared with other treatment groups (p < 0.05). Conclusion Application of MASE on mucosal wound reduces the expression of TNF-α and NF-κB at all concentrations. The anti-inflammatory effect of MASE 50% was the strongest one.

scholarly journals Effect of Moxibustion on β-EP and Dyn Levels of Pain-Related Indicators in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Yingni Wang ◽  
Siyu Tao ◽  
Zeyun Yu ◽  
Yun Luo ◽  
Yuan Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Inflammatory Factors ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Routine Inspection ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Background. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic immunodeficiency disease characterized by persistent synovial inflammation, pannus formation, and bone and cartilage destruction, resulting in joint malformations and function decline. Objective. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of moxibustion on clinical symptoms and levels of pain-related indicators beta-endorphin (β-EP) and dynorphin (Dyn) in patients with RA and to explore the potential anti-inflammatory and analgesic mechanisms of moxibustion in RA treatment. Methods. A total of 64 patients with RA who met the inclusion criteria were randomly and equally classified into the control and treatment groups. The control group received conventional treatment (oral methotrexate, folate, or leflunomide prescribed for a long time). The treatment group was treated with moxibustion at ST36 (Zusanli), BL23 (Shenshu), and Ashi points with respect to the control group. Patients’ clinical symptoms and routine inspection indexes (rheumatoid factor [RF], erythrocyte sedimentation rate [ESR], and C-reactive protein [CRP]) were recorded before and after treatment. Serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), β-EP, and Dyn were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The software SPSS24.0 was used for statistical analysis. Results. (1) Compared with the pretreatment result, both of the two groups’ clinical symptoms and routine inspection indexes (RF, ESR, and CRP) improved ( P  < 0.05), and the improvement of clinical symptoms in the treatment group outperformed that in the control group ( P  < 0.05). (2) TNF-α and IL-1β levels decreased significantly in the treatment group after treatment ( P  < 0.01), while no significant difference was observed in the control group ( P  > 0.05). (3) β-EP and Dyn levels in the treatment group were significantly increased after treatment ( P  < 0.01, P  < 0.01), but the control group showed no significant difference ( P  > 0.05, P  > 0.05). It is worth mentioning that the serum TNF-α, IL-1β, β-EP, and Dyn levels between the two groups were significantly different after 8 weeks of treatment ( P  < 0.05). (4) Differences in the serum β-EP and Dyn levels in the patients of the treatment group were correlated with TNF-α and IL-1β levels after treatment, and the correlation was mainly negative (r < 0). Conclusion. Moxibustion can improve joint pain in patients with RA using conventional western medicine. One of the mechanisms may affect the serum β-EP and Dyn levels by downregulating the inflammatory factors to play an anti-inflammatory and analgesic role.

Particular Matter of Motor Vehicle Exposure and High-Fat Diet Effects on Kidney Histopathology, Creatinine, and Malondialdehyde (MDA) Levels in Wistar Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 124-128
Author(s):  
Rizka Veni ◽  
Awal Prasetyo ◽  
Muflihatul Muniroh
Keyword(s):  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Histopathological Change ◽  
Normal Diet ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Significant Difference

This study aims to analyze the effect of combination of motor vehicle particular matter exposure and high-fat diet in kidney histopathology, creatinine levels, and MDA levels in Wistar rats. This study used a posttest-only control group design. Eighteen healthy male Wistar rats were divided into three groups. The intervention groups received motor vehicle fume exposure for 100 s with normal diet (X1) or high-fat diet (X2), and the control group received no exposure (C). Data analysis was processed with a SPSS 25.0 computer program by using the one-way ANOVA test followed by post hoc LSD. The degree of kidney histopathological damage showed significant differences between the X1 and X2 groups when compared with the control group (p < 0.05). The results of the creatinine level examination found a significant difference between the X2 and C groups (p < 0.05) and the treatment groups X1 and X2 (p < 0.05). The results of kidney MDA level examination showed a significant difference between the treatment groups (X1 and X2) and the control group (p < 0.05). The combination of particular matter of motor vehicle fumes exposure and high-fat diet could induce kidney damage through histopathological change and increased creatinine levels and kidney MDA levels in Wistar rats.

scholarly journals Pengaruh suplementasi Zn terhadap perubahan indeks TB/U anak stunted usia 24-36 bulan

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 98-104
Author(s):  
Dewi Pertiwi Dyah Kusudaryati ◽  
Siti Fatimah Muis ◽  
Laksmi Widajanti
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Child Growth ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Dietary Allowance ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
And Control ◽  
Height For Age

Background : Zn supplementation on stunted children in multiple research get the result inconsistent concerning the effect of Zn on children’s growth.Objective : To examine the effect of Zn supplementation to the change in height for index among stunted children age between 24-36 months.Methods: The research design is randomized pretest posttest control group design. The total of thirty six stunted children are divided into two groups. The treatment group is received syrup with 20 mg ZnSO4 twice a week for three months. The control group received placebo without Zn. Height for age z score (HAZ) on WHO Child Growth 2006 is used to measure height for age index while dietary intake and infection diseases are used as confounding variables.Result : There is significant difference in HAZ before and after supplementation at treatment group (p<0.001) and control group (p<0.001). There is a significant difference of the change in HAZ between the treatment group and control group (p=0.006). Percentage Achievement of Energy, Protein, and Zn Dietary Allowance have significant difference between the treatment group and control group (p=0.009; p<0.001; p<0.001, respectively). The change in HAZ, Percentage Achievement of Energy, Protein, and Zn Dietary Allowance are higher in treatment group than control group. Duration of diarrhea (p=0.045) and morbidity (p=0.019) are lower in treatment group than control group. Conclusion : Zn Supplementation among stunted children have significant effect on the change in HAZ, dietary intake, and infection.

scholarly journals Antibacterial Activity of Lumbricus Rubellus Earthworm Extract Against Porphyromonas Gingivalis as the Bacterial Cause of Periodontitis

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 1032-1036 ◽  
Author(s):  
I Gusti Agung Ayu Dharmawati ◽  
Tjokorda Gde Bagus Mahadewa ◽  
I Putu Eka Widyadharma
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Lumbricus Rubellus ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Inhibitory Zone ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Zone Diameter ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean

AIM: The purpose of this study was to determine the antibacterial activity of Lumbricus rubellus earthworms through inhibitory zone diameter to the growth of the bacterium Phorphyromonas gingivalis as the cause of periodontitis. METHODS: This was an experimental study with randomised posttest-only control group design. The study was conducted at the Microbiology Research Center laboratory at the Faculty of Dentistry, Airlangga University, Indonesia. The study was conducted in vitro, the sample size was calculated using the Federer formula as many as four agar plates containing bacteria Phorphyromonas gingivalis, with each plate given five different treatments: control (ethanol), Lumbricus rubellus earthworm extract (ECT) with concentrations of 50%, 25%, 12.5%, and 6.25% respectively. The data in the form of inhibition zone diameter (measured in millimetres) obtained were tested using One-Way ANOVA. RESULTS: The mean diameter of the inhibitory zone extract of Lumbricus rubellus earthworm on the growth of Phorphyromonas gingivalis bacteria in the treatment group had significant differences (p < 0.05). The mean inhibition zones between controls and the ECT treatment group (ECT 50%, ECT 25%, ECT 12.5%) were statistically different (p < 0.05), in contrast with ECT 6.25% (p > 0.05) which did not show significant difference with the control group (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Lumbricus rubellus earthworm extract with a concentration of 50% has the largest diameter of the inhibitory zone on the growth of the Phorphyromonas gingivalis bacteria. The 6.25% earthworm extract showed no antibacterial activity against the growth of Phorphyromonas gingivalis bacteria.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Kitosan Terhadap Jumlah Osteoklas dan Osteoblas Pada Tikus Galur Wistar Model Menopause

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 76-87
Author(s):  
Muhammad Nur
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Positive Control Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
White Rats ◽  
Significant Difference

Chitosan is one of the most abundant and dispersed polymers in nature. It has a rapid healing effect for tissues and has an effect on bone remodeling. The purpose of this study was to prove that giving chitosan influenced the decrease of osteoclast number and increasing number of osteoblasts in female mice of wistar strain of ovariectomy menopause model.This study used a posttest only control group design. The total sample of 30 rats divided into three groups was randomized, osteoporosis was made with the menopausal model which was performed ovariectomy in the positive control group and the treatment group then in the treatment group was given chitosan extract of single dose of 45 mg / day via Nasogastric Tube (NGT). K1 was a negative control group (without ovariectomy and without chitosan), K2 was a positive control group (with no chitosan ovariectomy), K3 was the treatment group (ovariectomy and chitosan 45 mg / day).The results showed significant differences in the number of osteoblasts between K1 and K3, K2 with K3, and no significant differences were found in the K1 group with K2. While the number of osteoclasts showed that there were significant differences in K1 group with K2 and no significant difference was found in K1 group with K3, K2 with K3.Conclusions in this study showed that 45 mg / day of chitosan doses could significantly increase osteoblast counts in menopause female white rats and decrease the number of osteoclasts performed by ovariectomy with chitosan administration.

scholarly journals Effect of Cassave leaf flavonoid extract on TNF-α expressions in rat models suffering from periodontitis

2016 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 137
Author(s):  
Zahara Meilawaty ◽  
Banun Kusumawardani
Keyword(s):  
Manihot Esculenta ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Tissue Destruction ◽  
Rat Models ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Background: Bacteria playing a role in periodontitis are Gram-negative anaerobic bacteria that can release endotoxin or lipopolysaccharide (LPS). LPS acts as a stimulus to a variety of host cells that can stimulate expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in periodontal disease, such as IL-1α, IL-1β, and TNF-α. Increased TNF-α then can lead to periodontal tissue destruction. Furthermore, cassava leaves have many health benefits due to flavonoid organic compound contained, known to possess anti-inflammatory activity are used as a medicine. Purpose: This study aimed to determine the effect of cassava leaf flavonoid extract as a basic ingredient of anti-inflammatory gel on TNF-α expression in Wistar rats suffering from periodontitis induced with Escherichia coli (E. coli) LPS. Method: This study used 24 male Wistar rats. Those rats were divided into six groups. Group 1 consisted of four rats induced with E. coli LPS for 2 weeks, and then decapitation was performed on day 3. Group 2 consisted of four rats induced with E. coli LPS for 2 weeks, and then decapitation was conducted on day 7. Group 3 consisted of four rats induced with E. coli LPS for 2 weeks, treated with the topical cassava leaf flavonoid extract gel (Manihot esculenta) at a concentration of 25%, and then decapitation was performed on day 3. Group 4 consisted of four rats induced with E. coli LPS for 2 weeks, treated with the topical cassava leaf flavonoid extract gel (Manihot esculenta) at a concentration of 25%, and then decapitation was conducted on day 7. Group 5 consisted of four rats induced with E. coli LPS for 2 weeks, treated with the topical cassava leaf flavonoid extract gel (Manihot esculenta) at a concentration of 50%, and then decapitation was performed on day 3. And, group 6 consisted of four rats induced with E. coli LPS for 2 weeks, treated with the topical Cassava leaf flavonoid extract gel (Manihot esculenta) at a concentration of 50%, and then decapitation was conducted on day 7. The topical Cassava leaf flavonoid extract gel was inserted into gingival sulcus on the first right molar of their lower jaw by using a blunted syringe needle. The gel was given two times a day for 7 days. Result: The expression of TNF-α in the control group was more than that in the treatment groups given the Cassava leaf flavonoid extract gel at the concentrations of 25% and 50%. The expression of TNF-α in the treatment groups given the cassava leaf flavonoid extract gel at the concentration of 50% was lower than that in the treatment groups given the cassava leaf flavonoid extract gel at the concentration of 25%. Conclusion: Cassava leaf flavonoid extract gel could be used as an anti-inflammatory gel characterized by a decrease in TNF-α expression in rat models suffering from periodontitis.

scholarly journals Effect of Giving Mahkota Dewa Fruits (Phaleria Macrocarpa) Extract to Epithelialization In Incision Wound of White Rats (Rattus Norvegicus)

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Idola Perdana Sulistyoning Suharto
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Rattus Norvegicus ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
White Rats ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Phaleria Macrocarpa ◽  
Incision Wound

The research purpose was to analysis effect of giving mahkota dewa fruits (Phaleria macrocarpa) extract to epithelialization in incision wound of white rats (Rattus norvegicus). The method was randomized posted-only control group design. There were 30 male rats (Rattus norvegicus) grouped on control and treatment group. Control group divided into three groups (KK1, KK2, KK3) and also treatment group divided into three groups (KP1, KP2, KP3). Control group just given CMC 1% peroral without mahkota dewa fruits extract, the treatment group given mahkota dewa fruits extract 22.5 mg/kg body weight. The data was analyzed by Kruskall Wallis. Based on Kruskall Wallis test, obtained result that there was a significant difference (p<0.05) epithelialization variable with p value p = 0.000 between control and treatment group. And based on One-way Anova test, obtained result that there was a significant difference (p<0.05) with p value p =0.000 between control and treatment group. The conclusion of this research was giving mahkota dewa fruits (Phaleria macrocarpa) extract can increase epithelialization in incision wound of white rats (Rattus norvegicus). Keywords : Mahkota Dewa Fruits (Phaleria Macrocarpa) Extract, Epithelialization, Incision Wound 

scholarly journals A Randomized Control Trial Study to Determine the Effect of Melatonin on Serum Levels of IL-1β and TNF-α in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masoomeh Yosefifard ◽  
Gholamhassan Vaezi ◽  
Ali Akbar Malekirad ◽  
Fardin Faraji ◽  
Vida Hojati
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Interleukin 1 ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Inflammatory Factors ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most common neurological disease that happens at a young age. MS is an inflammatory disease; associated with the demyelination of the central nervous system. Therefore, some inflammatory factors are effective in the mechanism and progression of the disease. Melatonin, as a multi-effect substance including anti-inflammatory effects, can reduce symptoms of MS in patients with a change in their inflammatory factors level. In this study, 50 MS patients who were referred to the MS Society of Markazi Province were randomly selected. All patients were treated with routine MS treatment (interferon) and were divided into control (25 placebo recipients) and treatment (25 recipients of 3 mg melatonin per day for 24 weeks) groups. Anthropometric data of patients including height, weight, and age were determined. Blood samples were collected after fasting in order to determine serum levels of interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). Then, samples were immediately centrifuged for serum separation and sera were transferred to a freezer at -80°C and serum levels of these factors were determined; using ELISA kit. The results of this study showed that there was no significant difference between the control and treatment groups in terms of serum levels of TNF-α. However, the level of IL-1β was significantly reduced in the treatment group compared to the control group, indicating that melatonin decreases this inflammatory substance. Our findings suggest a valuable strategy in the treatment of patients who suffer from MS

scholarly journals Teaching English Vocabulary with Greek or Latin Roots to Iranian EFL Students by PLS Sequential Structures

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. p73
Author(s):  
Abolfazl Shirban Sasi
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Teaching Method ◽  
English Word ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Teaching English ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Efl Students ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Control

PLS is a newly developed language teaching method which predominantly applies imaginative and random usage of pictures. The present paper explains and reports the application of a PLS technique in teaching English vocabulary with Greek or Latin roots to Iranian EFL learners. A pretest-posttest control-group design was used to investigate the effects of this sequential structures technique. Participants were intermediate level EFL students in two branches of the same language institute in Tehran (N = 94, p ? 0.05). The subjects were randomly assigned into two groups of treatment and control. The experiment lasted for seven one-hour lessons held in successive sessions in three weeks during which 35 Greek and Latin roots were taught with at least three English word examples. For the research instrument, the students were administered a 35-item multiple-choice vocabulary exam for the pre and post tests prior to and immediately after the teaching phase. Consequently, an independent sample T-test was used to examine the outcome of the experiment. At p = .009, the statistical test revealed a significant difference in the gain scores between the two groups. Also, the mean vocabulary gain score of 7.23 for the treatment group as opposed to the mean of 5.35 for the control group illustrated the relative more L2 vocabulary intake for the treatment group.

scholarly journals INTERVENSI EMOTIONAL FREEDOM TECHNIQUE (EFT) UNTUK MENGURANGI NYERI POST OPERASI SECTIO CAESARIA (SC)

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 53
Author(s):  
Lutfatul Latifah ◽  
Dian Ramawati
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Numeric Rating Scale ◽  
Pain Scale ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Mother And Child

Introduction: Every woman who undergo Sectio Caesaria (SC) surgery for delivery their babies often complain about pain after the surgery and it become very distrubing. The effect of the pain cause mobilisation limitation, interrupting bonding attachment between mother and child, and postponning breastfeeding inititation. This study conduct EFT or tapping as the pain management in women post SC surgery.The aim of this study is to identify the effect of EFT or tapping for reducing pain after SC surgery. Methods: Quasy experimental with pre-post non randomized control group design was used in this study. The data been colleted using Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) to measure the pain in participants before and after EFT or tapping treatment. The number of participants was 30 mothers with 15 women in control and treatment group respectively. The t-test was used to analize the effect of the EFT. Results: The mean of pain scale before treatment in control group was 5.20 dan 6.20 for the treatment group. The pain scale after treatment in control group was 5.00 and 4.27 in treatment group. There was a significant difference between the reducing pain scale in treatment group with p value = 0,000 (α = 0.05). Discussion: EFT or tapping can be one of many non farmacologic treatment as complementer therapy to reduce pain after SC surgery. Keywords: post SC pain, EFT, pain scale decline, non farmacologic therapy

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