The teaching of Arabic language by Zumratul - Muminiin of Nigeria: problems and prospects

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-25
Author(s):  
Is-haq Salami
Keyword(s):  
Teaching Style ◽  
Arabic Language ◽  
Historical Method ◽  
History Of ◽  
Descriptive Method

There are numerous Arabic Literary groups in the Southern and Northern part of Nigeria concerning themselves with the spread of Arabic knowledge by establishing Arabic institutes for this noble cause. Among those groups is Zumratul- Muminiin instilling Arabic expertise in people without collecting fee as this is the norm to other Arabic groups. This group stands out among its equals with teaching Islamic knowledge and the rudiments of Arabic language coupled with technical ideas of establishing Arabic learning centre after their students complete tutelage under them, hoping to make them active players in the development of their immediate communities. Upon all these vital contributions for this group, there are many hindrances in their Arabic institutes which is not allowing them to grow as expected. This research aims at studying those challenges and proffering solutions that could change their narratives. This is done by using Historical method to relate the history of this group and their journey so far. Descriptive method was also used to carefully navigate the challenges facing the learning of Arabic language to that group and offer antidotes for this menace. The research arrived at a conclusion alluding to the fact that Zumuratul Muminiin had been contributing immensely to the advancement of Arabic language in their domain, it’s only that they are facing challenges in their teaching style which is cutting them short to compete with other Arabic learning institutes both locally in Nigeria and internationally among the Arabic and Islamic leagues. At the end of this study, suggestions and recommendations are given to propel Arabic learning by this group both in their present and futuristic moment.

Pemikiran Gramatikal Bahasa Arab Oleh Linguistik Arab (Studi Tokoh Lintas Madzhab Nahwu)

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hakmi Wahyudi ◽  
Hakmi Hidayat ◽  
Sri Wahyuni Hakim
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Data Interpretation ◽  
Arabic Language ◽  
Learning Methods ◽  
Grammatical Development ◽  
History Of ◽  
Student Relationship ◽  
Descriptive Method

The grammatical thinking of Arabic begins with the phenomenon of giving a society and how to read words in Arabic both before Islam and after the spread of Islam. If the benchmarks are from Islam then the grammatical is related to the Qur'an but if with before Islam the grammatical Arabic is related to Arabic words such as poetry and Arabic prose. Grammatical development also grows and develops according to the early pioneers and learning methods. So that each grammatical cleric of Arabic composes independently until the grammatical is mature epitimologies, each grammatical cleric of Arabic is like a teacher and student relationship. The Aim this study is illustrate how each grammatical thinker of Arabic language originates and develops the grammatical, so that it becomes a standard science until now as linguistic studies in linguistics. This research is a qualitative research with descriptive method with data analysis in the form of data interpretation called ta'wil and hermeneutics. The findings of this research are self-composed science in the grammatical history of Arabic such as Uslub Taajjub, harakat and the point by Abu Aswad ad Duali, Arudh Qawafi by Khalil Ahmad Al Farahidi, taukid and ‘ataf Bayan by Sibawaiyh. Lafadz and Meaning by Ibn Jinni, al Ma’ani by Jurjani and other Arabic grammatical scholars.Pemikiran linguistik bahasa arab berawal dari fenomena untuk memberikan harakat dan cara membaca  sebuah kata-kata dalam bahasa arab baik sebelum Islam maupun setelah menyebarnya agama Islam. Jika tolak ukurnya dari Islam maka gramatikal tersebut berhubungan dengan al Qur’an tapi jika dengan sebelum Islam maka gramatikal bahasa arab tersebut berhubungan dengan kalam-kalam Arab.  Perkembangan gramatikal pun tumbuh dan berkembang sesuai perintis awal dan perkembangannya. Sehingga masing-masing ulama gramatikal bahasa arab menyusun secara mandiri walaupun sebelumnya disusun gramatikal tersebut, setiap ulama gramtikal bagaikan hubungan guru dan murid. Tujuan penelitian ini pun menggambarkan bagaimanakah masing pemikir gramatikal bahasa arab mencetus dan mengembangkan gramatikal tersebut, sehingga menjadi ilmu yang baku sampai sekarang sebagai kajian-kajian linguistik dalam ilmu bahasa . Penelitian ini bersifat kualitatif dengan metode deskriptif dengan analisis data berupa interpretasi data yang disebut dengan ta’wil dan hermeneutika.

The Problem of the Formation of Philosophical Prose in Persian

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (6) ◽  
pp. 126-137
Author(s):  
Tatyana G. Korneeva
Keyword(s):  
Arabic Language ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Philosophical Tradition ◽  
Alternative View ◽  
Ibn Sina ◽  
Language Of Science ◽  
Persian Language ◽  
Arab Muslim ◽  
History Of ◽  
Philosophical Texts

The article discusses the problem of the formation of philosophical prose in the Persian language. The first section presents a brief excursion into the history of philosophical prose in Persian and the stages of formation of modern Persian as a language of science and philosophy. In the Arab-Muslim philosophical tradition, representatives of various schools and trends contributed to the development of philosophical terminology in Farsi. The author dwells on the works of such philosophers as Ibn Sīnā, Nāṣir Khusraw, Naṣīr al-Dīn al-Ṭūsī, Aḥmad al-Ghazālī, ʼAbū Ḥāmid al-Ghazālī and gives an overview of their works written in Persian. The second section poses the question whether the Persian language proved able to compete with the Arabic language in the field of science. The author examines the style of philosophical prose in Farsi, considering the causes of creation of Persian-language philosophical texts and defining their target audience. The article presents viewpoints of modern orientalist researchers as well as the views of medieval philosophers who wrote in Persian. We find that most philosophical texts in Persian were written for a public who had little or no knowledge of the Arabic language, yet wanted to get acquainted with current philosophical and religious doctrines, albeit in an abbreviated format. The conclusion summarizes and presents two positions regarding the necessity of writing philosophical prose in Persian. According to one point of view, Persian-language philosophical works helped people who did not speak Arabic to get acquainted with the concepts and views of contemporary philosophy. According to an alternative view, there was no special need to compose philosophical texts in Persian, because the corpus of Arabic philosophical terminology had already been formed, and these Arabic terms were widely and successfully used, while the new Persian philosophical vocabulary was difficult to understand.

Hikayat Susunan Kuning dalam Negeri Gagelang: Sebuah Tinjauan Historiografi

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Dwi Puji Rahayu ◽  
Asep Yudha Wirajaya
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Historical Method ◽  
Historical Texts ◽  
History Of ◽  
Dutch Colonial

This study aims to present a historiographic review of the text of the Yellow Tale in the State of Gagelang (hereinafter abbreviated as HSK). This research uses the historical method. The steps used in this study are (1) heuristics; (2) criticism; and (3) historiography. The results of research on this study are known that (1) In the text HSK tells about Sunan Kuning to his descendants and various conflicts in it; (2) The history of the tumult not only describes the conflict between Java and China, but also indicates the interference of the Dutch colonial involvement in it; (3) The relevance between the HSK text and the history of Pacer commotion. The relevance is illustrated by the existence of relevant and interrelated events between the HSK text and the history of Pacer commotion. During this time, the discourse that continues to be "echoed" by the colonial side is the commotion of Chinatown is a dark history for humanity in the archipelago. In fact, the discourse continues to be reproduced when various riots erupted in the country. The discourse that is raised is always based on ethnicity, religion, race, and intergroup. Thus, the presence of the HSK text is an important witness for the history of humanity on earth in the archipelago. In addition, HSK also uses the background of the banner story. It shows that history is not always written by "winners". Because the banner story is a folklore that is so closely related to the life of the Indonesian people. Therefore, a comprehensive and integral study of HSK and other historical texts is absolutely necessary to be carried out in order to reveal the true historical facts. So, Indonesian people can re-recognize the history of their ancestors, both through colonial sources and from the perspective of the nation's own historiography.

The Growth of Historical Method in Tang China

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Hartman ◽  
Anthony DeBlasi
Keyword(s):  
Eleventh Century ◽  
Seventh Century ◽  
Daily Production ◽  
Successor State ◽  
Historical Method ◽  
Official History ◽  
History Of ◽  
Over Time

This chapter discusses how the full emergence of the centralized, aristocratic state in the seventh century brought about an official historiography that was part of the bureaucracy of that state. Beginning in the Tang, each dynastic court maintained an office of historiography. Over time, a regularized process evolved that, in theory and often in reality, turned the daily production of court bureaucratic documents into an official history of the dynasty. Although this process was ongoing throughout the dynasty, the final, standard ‘dynastic history’ was usually completed after the dynasty's demise by its successor state. Indeed, the very concept of a series of dynastic histories that, taken together, would present an official history of successive, legitimate Chinese states, dates from the eleventh century.

A Melkite Arabic literary lingua franca from the second half of the first millennium

1994 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua Blau
Keyword(s):  
Arabic Language ◽  
Literary Language ◽  
Greek Orthodox ◽  
Lingua Franca ◽  
History Of ◽  
First Millennium ◽  
Arabic Dialects ◽  
Modern Arabic ◽  
Classical Arabic ◽  
The Ideal

After the Islamic conquest, the Greek Orthodox, so-called Melkite ( = Royalist), church fairly early adopted Arabic as its literary language. Their intellectual centres in Syria/Palestine were Jerusalem, along with the monaster ies of Mar Sabas and Mar Chariton in Judea, Edessa and Damascus. A great many Arabic manuscripts stemming from the first millennium, some of them dated, copied at the monastery of Mar Chariton and especially at that of Mar Saba, have been discovered in the monastery of St. Catherine on Mount Sinai, the only monastery that has not been pillaged and set on fire by the bedouin. These manuscripts are of great importance for the history of the Arabic language. Because Christians were less devoted to the ideal of the ‘arabiyya than their Muslim contemporaries, their writings contain a great many devi ations from classical Arabic, thus enabling us to reconstruct early Neo-Arabic, the predecessor of the modern Arabic dialects, and bridge a gap of over one thousand years in the history of the Arabic language.

Accounting Institute: on the Genesis and Impact of Management Revolutions

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. s243-s261
Author(s):  
Nataliia Semenyshena ◽  
Nadiya Khorunzhak ◽  
Inna Lazaryshyna ◽  
Oleksandr Yurchenko ◽  
Yuliia Ostapenko
Keyword(s):  
Management System ◽  
Accounting System ◽  
System Transformation ◽  
Historical Method ◽  
Empirical Generalization ◽  
History Of ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
Management Approaches ◽  
Logical Dependence ◽  
The Impact

The aim of the study is to establish the presence of a causal relationship between the historical development of the accounting system (its modification) with management revolutions, identification of new characteristic features and accounting functions arising from changes in management approaches and requirements for accounting information for management purposes. Achieving the goal of the study involves identifying opportunities for further improving the accounting system based on the experience of its genesis under the influence of managerial revolutions. The methodological basis of the study is the dialectical method of cognition. The use of the historical method allowed to establish the logical dependence of the evolution of accounting on the requirements of the management system. Analytical and systematic methods were used to identify and form descriptions of the relationship of the accounting system in budgetary institutions with the processes of management system transformation and management revolutions. The impact of managerial revolutions on the accounting system in Ukraine and their consequences are established on the basis of an empirical generalization of historical archival and literary descriptions, as well as a critical analysis of the regulatory regulation of accounting, its norms and practices. The existence of a direct influence of managerial revolutions on the content, requirements, principles and methods of accounting is justified. The above result is based on the results of the analysis of the historical content of accounting, its evidence (accounting documents), as well as the assessment of the functions of the persons who carried out the accounting. The study of works on the history of accounting made it possible to assess the genesis of the introduction of the institutional approach and accounting as the basis for its transformational changes aimed at strengthening compliance with management needs. The study showed that accounting is changing under the influence of transformations in management, changes in its requests, determined by the existing needs of management. 

scholarly journals REVIVAL OF UKRAINIAN BLACKSMITHING: ART PRACTICES AND EDUCATION DURING THE 1970S–2010S

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 680-692
Author(s):  
Svitlana Rohotchenko
Keyword(s):  
16Th Century ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Soviet Power ◽  
Historical Method ◽  
Technical Schools ◽  
History Of Development ◽  
Art Practices ◽  
History Of ◽  
Specialized Education ◽  
Training Practice

The article is aimed at making an outline of the revival process experienced by professional Ukrainian blacksmithing art, development of which resumed in the 1970s, after an imposed pause that had lasted for over half a century. The facts from the history of development and further evolution of blacksmithing are publicized, as well as the reasons that caused almost complete distinction of traditional blacksmithing handicraft and professional blacksmithing art as a result of suppression by the Soviet power. The objective of the research is a real-time coverage of the stages of revival of blacksmithing craft, art, and education. Extermination of the traditional blacksmithing education that existed in Ukraine since the 16th century and up till 1917 took its toll. Young blacksmiths were trained in the forges where they worked as assistants. The first departments of artistic blacksmithing were established in the colleges, technical schools, institutes, and academies only in the late 1980s. Lack of specialized education was a drawback for Ukrainian blacksmithing comparing to the European states where there was no gap in training practice. In the article, the most well-known modern Ukrainian blacksmithing educational institutions are analyzed on the basis of historical method, chronological and cultural approaches. 

scholarly journals Military Operations

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Harald Høiback
Keyword(s):  
Game Theory ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Political ◽  
Military Power ◽  
Military Operations ◽  
Historical Method ◽  
Military Commanders ◽  
Operational Art ◽  
History Of ◽  
Systematic Thinking

AbstractMilitary operations can be a complex and cumbersome undertaking, involving millions of soldiers and tonnes of equipment. Even though war has been part of human experience for time immemorial, systematic thinking about how to prepare, conduct, and use military operations is nonetheless a rather new undertaking. This chapter explores the history of thinking about military operations, broadly defined, and narrows down on operations as the concept is used today.After the historical exploration, the chapter investigates how military operations can be studied. In principle, there are four different ways to approach operations as a field of study. The most common methods are the historical method and operations research, i.e., making heuristic models of reality. Game theory and axiomatic foundationalism are the other two but are far less used than the former two.The development of modern military thinking notwithstanding, it is still difficult to convert military power to strategic gains, and the latter part of the chapter explains why. Military commanders and planning groups do not always get the what and why from the political level, making it difficult to find the how. Military operations are also intrinsically difficult because your opponent will try to make it difficult for you. The concept of an operational level of command is also problematic, since it tends to do the opposite of what is intended. Instead of pulling tactics and strategy closer together, it tends to push them apart. And finally, the word “art” in “operational art” is perhaps also an unfortunate misnomer?

scholarly journals Dari Medan Perang Berburu Lapangan Pekerjaan: Pengangguran Revolusi di Yogyakarta Tahun 1950-an

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 3
Author(s):  
Rika Inggit Asmawati
Keyword(s):  
Economic History ◽  
Historical Method ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Government ◽  
Revolutionary Period ◽  
Independent Country ◽  
Unemployment Problem ◽  
Economic Improvement

This research discusses about the social economic history of Yogyakarta during 1950s. The main problem is to analyze how the newly independent country of Indonesia dealt with unemployment after the revolutionary period. This research employs the historical method using primary and secondary sources, such as archives, newspapers, magazines, interviews, and reviews of relevant references. There are four conclusions in this research. First, although the period was called as the period of creating jobs, the unemployment number in early 1950s was increasing. Second, this unemployment problem was not primarily caused by the economic condition but also by demographic problems and the legacies from the Revolution Era. Third, people who were categorized as unemployed were not only labors, but also veterans. Fourth, for the government, solving this unemployment problem was the effort to create economic improvement for its society.

scholarly journals EPISTOLARY HERITAGE OF N.I. ILMINSKY AS A SOURCE ON THE HISTORY OF EDUCATING NON-RUSSIAN PEOPLES OF EASTERN RUSSIA (in the last third of the XIX century)

2021 ◽  
pp. 126-134
Author(s):  
Alevtina N. Pavlova
Keyword(s):  
Research Problem ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Historical Reconstruction ◽  
Native Languages ◽  
Genetic Method ◽  
Historical Method ◽  
History Of ◽  
Rich Material ◽  
Historical Comparative ◽  
Eastern Russia

The article is devoted to the analysis of epistolary sources on the history of educating non-Russian peoples of eastern Russia. The correspondence gives an opportunity to present the work of N.I. Ilminsky on education, methods of his activity, difficulties encountered along the way. The correspondence focuses on the development of Orthodox education among non-Russian peoples. The specific composition of letters is diverse. By correspondents, the sources are divided into the following groups: letters to senior statesmen, to figures of the Russian Orthodox Church, to local education figures. By the content, the correspondence is divided into groups of materials: about translation and publishing activities, about organizing the network of non-Russian schools, about training and appointment of teachers and priests, about introducing church worship in native languages. The letters significantly complement our understanding of N.I. Ilminsky’s personality and his educational activities. Currently, many scientists believe that it is necessary to conduct a deeper study and interpretation of historical events concerning educating the population of the country, including non-Russian peoples of the eastern part of Russia, taking into account their diversity. Epistolary sources provide rich material for historical reconstruction, their information potential is rich and diverse. The research methodology is based on historical methods: historical-genetic and historical-comparative. The historical-genetic method enables to trace the course of events in their chronological sequence, the dynamics of processes related to the history of educating non-Russian peoples of eastern Russia. The comparative historical method, which puts the fait accompli as the basis of all arguments and conclusions, was an important method in the historical reconstruction of educational process of the non-Russian peoples of the region under study on the basis of Orthodox education. A variety of epistolary sources made it possible to conduct a holistic historical reconstruction of the period under study in the history of education and to formulate analytical conclusions on the research problem. The author managed to analyze the collected material. The analysis performed gives the opportunity to make a conclusion about the diverse activities of N.I. Ilminsky on education.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document