scholarly journals Olfactory Signs as Objects of Verbalization

2020 ◽  
pp. 93-111
Author(s):  
Natalia Shnyakina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Time Frame ◽  
Specific Information ◽  
Static Data ◽  
Categorical Structure ◽  
Cognitive Action ◽  
Mental Construct ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Structuring Knowledge ◽  
Storage Format ◽  
Linguistic Material

Human sensory experience has a fundamental role in conceptualizing the realities of the sur-rounding world and representing them in linguistic constructions. When it comes to olfactory information available to people, a significant part of the linguistic material consists of describing smells with the view of their classification and their ontological and evaluative characteristics. Also, linguistic objectification of situations of cognizing olfactory signs has pronounced patterns, and, as a mental construct reflected in the mind, the olfactory situation in-cludes a number of obligatory and optional components. By means of frame analysis of German olfactory language, the article demonstrates the interaction of static and dynamic knowledge about olfactory perception. The result of this research is a conceptual framework that describes the principles of organizing information about smells. The author sees the clas-sification frame as a storage format for static data: it has a categorical structure and stores knowledge about various types of smells. Its slots are filled with specific information based on identifying real or background objects that are sources of smells, as well as on quantitative or normative evaluations given by the subject. Analyzing linguistic explications of the olfactory situation, which are representations of the situational frame, shows the presence of re-peated categorical components (categorical nodes) in the linguistic material. They are associ-ated with ontological categories of human existence. Among them are the subject and the object of cognition, the subject’s action, the space-time frame of the situation, the instrument of cognition, and the result. It is obvious that the presence of obligatory components in the utterance (subject, object, cognitive action) is due to the need of the author to describe the ontological specifics of the process of cognition of an olfactory sign. The objectification of optional components in the utterance depends on the goals of communication. The comparison of formats for storing knowledge about the olfactory sign makes it possible to explain the relationship between the classification and situational frames as an interaction between something general and something particular. The resulting findings contribute to current discussions of issues related to structuring knowledge and general categorization of reality by individuals.

scholarly journals Categories of everyday knowledge in German professional discourse

2019 ◽  
Vol 69 ◽  
pp. 00063
Author(s):  
Natalia Shnyakina ◽  
Anna Klyoster
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Frame Analysis ◽  
Professional Discourse ◽  
Space And Time ◽  
The World ◽  
Categorical Structure ◽  
Cognitive Action ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Subject Of Cognition ◽  
Everyday Knowledge

The study of language as a cognitive phenomenon makes it possible to identify patterns of categorical division of the world. This paper considers the issue of the characteristics of everyday knowledge categories verbalization in professional discourse. On the basis of language fragments, objectifying ideas about the cognitive situation, through frame analysis, surface realizations of significant cognitive categories are investigated, among which are the subject of cognition, the object, the cognitive action, the instrument, the result, space and time. The named semantic nodes form the categorical structure of the frame behind the language fragment. The analysis demonstrates the compatibility of everyday and scientific knowledge division by a speaker; still, it illustrates the specificity of the language expression of frame nodes within the framework of professional discourse.

scholarly journals Geotechnical Approach to Early-Stage Site Characterisation of Shallow Wave Energy Sites

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 605
Author(s):  
Craig Heatherington ◽  
Alistair Grinham ◽  
Irene Penesis ◽  
Scott Hunter ◽  
Remo Cossu
Keyword(s):  
Wave Energy ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Breaking Waves ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Specific Information ◽  
Terrain Analysis ◽  
Site Suitability ◽  
Site Characterisation ◽  
A Site

Marine renewable energy is still in its infancy and poses serious challenges due to the harsh marine conditions encountered for wave or tidal installations and the survivability of devices. Geophysical and hydrodynamic initial site surveys need to be able to provide repeatable, reliable, and economical solutions. An oscillating water column wave energy converter is to be installed on the west coast of King Island, Tasmania. The location is in a high-energy nearshore environment to take advantage of sustained shoaling non-breaking waves of the Southern Ocean and required site-specific information for the deployment. We provide insight into scalable geophysical site surveys capable of capturing large amounts of data within a short time frame. This data was incorporated into a site suitability model, utilising seabed slope, sediment depth, and water depth to provide the terrain analysis needed to match deployment-specific characteristics. In addition, short-term hydrology and geotechnical work found a highly energetic seabed (near seafloor water velocities <1 m/s) with sufficient bearing capacity (6 MPa). In a highly energetic environment, care was taken to collect the relevant data needed for an assessment of critical information to an emerging technology companies primary project. This is in addition to the malleable methodology for a site suitability model that can incorporate various weighted parameters to prioritise the location for shallow wave energy sites in general.

Metaphysics of Being of Information

2021 ◽  
pp. 117-125
Author(s):  
Vladimir A. Yakovlev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Specific Information ◽  
Abstract Concept ◽  
Communicative Practices ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Concept Of Information ◽  
American Physicist ◽  
Mathematical Operations ◽  
Intelligence Theories ◽  
The Universe

In article the metaphysics of being of information is considered and her cat­egorical status. The concept of information plays an especially important role in cognitive disciplines – neurology, cognitive psychology, sociology and arti­ficial intelligence theories altogether forming the scientific basis of new epi­stemology. Information is understood as the objective reality perceived by the subject by means of touch bodies which it fixes and comprehends by means of various semantic pro-positions, logical-mathematical operations and calculations, using it in various communicative practices for achievement of the purposes. On the basis of philosophical traditions of interpretation of cat­egory of life and various interpretations of this abstract concept of modern nat­ural sciences the new understanding of category of life as a basic metaphysical concept of science is offered. The philosophical bases of the theory of creative participation of the person in events of the Universe the famous American physicist-theorist J.A. Wheeler who put forward the thesis “all from Bit” (It from Bit), the information paradigm of the universe developed by the prom­inent modern philosopher L. Floridi. It is demonstrated that the origination and evolution of all objects takes place due to the existence of specific information programs that express the fundamental creativity of the nature. The statement that the category of life in modern interpretation both in natural-science, and in sociocultural aspects expresses life of information, or the information life presented in unity of three spheres of reality – matter, lives and consciousness (reason) is proved.

scholarly journals Reasonable time frame in bankruptcy proceedings: Analysis of cases from the judicial practice of the Commercial Court in Niš

2021 ◽  
Vol 60 (90) ◽  
pp. 97-118
Author(s):  
Aleksandar Mojašević ◽  
Aleksandar Jovanović
Keyword(s):  
Case Law ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Fair Trial ◽  
Fundamental Rights ◽  
Reasonable Time ◽  
Judicial Practice ◽  
Reasonable Time Frame ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Right

The Act on the Protection of the Right to a Trial within a Reasonable Time, which took effect in 2016, has created the conditions in our legal system for the protection of the right to a trial within a reasonable time, as one of the fundamental rights guaranteed by the Constitution of the Republic of Serbia and related international documents. Although the legislator does not explicitly provide for the application of this Act in the context of bankruptcy proceedings, it has been used in judicial practice as a mean for the bankruptcy creditors to obtain just satisfaction in cases involving lengthy bankruptcy proceedings and a violation of the right to a fair trial within a reasonable time. The subject matter of analysis in this paper is the right to a trial within a reasonable time in bankruptcy cases. For that purpose, the authors examine the case law of the Commercial Court in Niš in the period from the beginning of 2016 to the end of 2019, particularly focusing on the bankruptcy cases in which complaints (objections) were filed for the protection of the right to a fair trial within a reasonable time. The aim of the research is to examine whether the objection, as an initial act, is a suitable instrument for increasing the efficiency of the bankruptcy proceeding, or whether it only serves to satisfy the interests of creditors. The authors have also examined whether this remedy affects the overall costs and duration of the bankruptcy proceeding. The main finding is that there is an increasing number of objections in the Commercial Court in Niš, which still does not affect the length and costs of bankruptcy. This trend is not only the result of inactivity of the court and the complexity of certain cases but also of numerous external factors, the most prominent of which is the work of some state bodies.

scholarly journals "Többször nekifutottunk, de lepattantunk mindig a közöny miatt"

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dóra Hangya
Keyword(s):  
Adult Education ◽  
Equal Opportunity ◽  
Further Education ◽  
Reference Points ◽  
Specific Information ◽  
Education Programs ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Open Point ◽  
Structured Questionnaire ◽  
Do So

Az ÚNKP kutatás célja annak vizsgálata, hogy a szakértői nyilvántartásban szereplő felnőttképzési szakértők és programszakértők kötelező továbbképzéseinek moduljai (14/2014. (III. 31.) NGM rendelet) tartalmaznak-e ismereteket a fogyatékossággal élő felnőttek képzésben való részvételének feltételrendszeréről, valamint hogy a felnőttképzési szakértők számára nehézséget okoz-e, ha a felnőttképzési intézmények munkatársai a témát érintő kérdésekkel fordulnak hozzájuk. Előzmény a KJM Alapítvány 2016. évi Phd pályázata keretében lefolytatott kutatás, amely eredményei szerint a válaszadó engedéllyel rendelkező felnőttképzési intézmények 95%-a úgy véli, hogy a felnőttképzési szakértők számára szükséges volna olyan tartalmú továbbképzés biztosítása, mely támpontokkal látja el őket annak érdekében, hogy segíteni tudják őket az egyenlő esélyű hozzáférés biztosításának megteremtésében (n=136). (Hangya, 2016, Hangya, 2017)A kutatás módszere teljes körű mintavételen alapuló félig strukturált kérdőíves lekérdezés. 314 fő válaszolt a kutatás kérdőívére, mely a tisztított minta 41%-a. A szakértők 80%-a jelezte, hogy a kötelező továbbképzések nem tartalmaztak fogyatékosság-specifikus ismereteket. A válaszadó szakértők több mint 90%-a egyetért azzal, hogy szükséges volna ennek pótlása (n=312). 227 fő nem vett még részt ilyen témájú továbbképzésen, de 78%-uk szívesen tenné, amennyiben rendelkezésre állna ilyen (n=227). A válaszadók (n=308) 59,4%-a nem találkozott még olyan kérdésekkel a felnőttképzési intézmények részéről, melyek a fogyatékossággal élő felnőttek egyenlő esélyű hozzáférését érintik, 46,5%-uk számára ez nehézséget jelentene.  84 fő (27%) fogalmazott meg nyitott kérdés keretében a témával kapcsolatban fejlesztési javaslatokat. The aim of the ÚNKP research is the investigation of whether the obligatory further education modules for adult education experts and program experts (14/2014. (III. 31.) NGM regulation) contain information regarding the conditionality for adults living with disabilities participating in education and the level of difficulty for adult education experts to inform colleges from adult education institutions on questions regarding this subject. A precursor is a research conducted within the framework of the 2016 Phd application of the KJM Foundation, according to which 95% of adult education institutions authorized for a response is of the opinion that the provision of a further education program for adult education experts which contains reference points to facilitate the provision of equal opportunity access would be necessary (n=136). (Hangya, 2016, Hangya, 2017)The method of research is a semi-structured questionnaire survey based on comprehensive sampling. 314 persons answered to the research questionnaire, which makes up 41% of the purified sample. 80% of experts indicated a lack of disability-specific information within the obligatory further education programs. More than 90% of respondents agree that supplementation of such information is necessary (n=312). 227 persons did not yet participate in further education programs within this subject, however, 78% would gladly do so if given the opportunity (n=227). 59,4% of respondents (n=308) did not yet encounter questions from adult education institutions regarding the equal access of adults living with disabilities, 46,5% would consider this a difficulty.  84 persons (27%) formulated developmental suggestions regarding the subject within the framework of an open point.

scholarly journals The English Sweating Sickness: Out of Sight, Out of Mind?

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 102
Author(s):  
Paul Heyman ◽  
Christel Cochez ◽  
Mirsada Hukić
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Epidemiological Features ◽  
Geographical Spread ◽  
Causal Pathogen ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Right ◽  
Sweating Sickness ◽  
Shed Light

<p>In this paper we aim to add additional knowledge regarding the occurrence, origin and epidemiological features of the English sweating sickness. The English sweating sickness raged in five devastating epidemics with mortality rates between 30 and 50% between 1485 and 1551 throughout England, and on one occasion also affected mainland Europe, in 1529. The Picardy sweat, generally considered as the English sweating sickness’ lesser deadly successor, flared up in France in 1718 and caused 196 localized outbreaks with varying severity all over France and neighboring countries up to 1861. The English sweating sickness has been the subject of numerous attempts to define its origin, but so far all efforts have failed due to lack of material, DNA or RNA, that - using modern techniques and knowledge - could shed light on its cause. Although the time frame in which the English sweating sickness occurred and the geographical spread of the outbreaks is generally known, we will demonstrate here that there was more to it than meets the eye. We found reports of cases of sweating sickness in years before, after and between the 1485, 1508, 1517, 1529 and 1551 epidemics, as well as reports of sweating sickness in Italy and Spain.</p><p><strong>Conclusion. </strong>In spite of the fact that the English sweating sickness apparently has not caused casualties for a more than a century now, we suggest that -given the right circumstances- the possibility of re-emergence might still exist. The fact that up until today we have no indication concerning the causal pathogen of the English sweating sickness is certainly not re-assuring.</p>

scholarly journals Maths Sparks engagement programme: investigating the impact on under-privileged pupils’ attitudes towards mathematics

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aoibhinn Ni Shuilleabhain ◽  
Anthony Cronin ◽  
Mark Prendergast
Keyword(s):  
Social Research ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Mathematics Students ◽  
Undergraduate Mathematics ◽  
High Stakes ◽  
Mathematical Concepts ◽  
Attitudes Towards Mathematics ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Impact

Abstract In this paper we explore the attitudes of under-privileged secondary school pupils in Ireland towards mathematics and investigate the impact of attending a 4-week engagement programme on these attitudes. The pupils involved in this research attended schools recognized by the Department of Education & Skills as socio-economically deprived. Pupils attending these schools, known as Delivering Equality of Opportunity in Schools (DEIS), are 40% less likely than their counterparts in non-DEIS schools to pursue mathematics at a higher level in state examinations (Smyth, E., Mccoy, S. & Kingston, G., 2015, Learning From the Evaluation of DEIS. Dublin: Economic and Social Research Institute). However, little research has reported on these pupils’ experiences of and attitudes towards mathematics at senior secondary level. An engagement programme entitled ‘Maths Sparks’ was purposefully designed for secondary pupils from DEIS schools, with the aim of positively influencing their attitudes towards and confidence in mathematics. The programme consisted of weekly out-of-school workshops exploring extra-curricular mathematics topics, designed and delivered by undergraduate mathematics students. Questionnaires were utilized to evaluate pupils’ attitudes towards mathematics before and after their participation in the programme. Despite its relatively short time frame, qualitative and quantitative analysis suggests an increase in participating pupils’ attitudes towards, enjoyment of and self-confidence in mathematics due to their participation in the programme. Findings also suggest that while these pupils liked the subject of mathematics, their experience of learning the subject in school was not always positive and was sometimes hindered by the absence of higher-level mathematics as an option in school. The high-stakes examination content and teachers’ beliefs in the ability of their students also sometimes negatively impacted learners’ intentions to pursue mathematics at a higher level. Findings suggest that longitudinal mathematics engagement programmes, which focus on problem solving, involve extra-curricular mathematical concepts and are presented by undergraduate mathematics students, may provide a valuable way of positively impacting pupils’ intentions to pursue the subject.

Buying subject-matter expertise: an innovative approach to business classes

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip English ◽  
Rachel Gordon
Keyword(s):  
Student Learning ◽  
Subject Matter ◽  
Course Design ◽  
Technical Problem ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Quality Analysis ◽  
Subject Matter Experts ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Subject Matter Expertise ◽  
The Subject

PurposeThis paper introduces a new instructional design for executive programs that combined a flipped classroom methodology and experiential learning to address the challenge of teaching highly technical material in a compressed time frame. In practice, when decision-making executives lack technical expertise and face a highly technical problem, they contract for subject-matter expertise (SME) within the firm or through hiring consultants. The authors show how this can be done in a classroom setting to enhance the learning experience.Design/methodology/approachThe classroom approach utilizes students from other programs as analysts for executive MBA (EMBA) teams faced with case analysis that involves technical issues in finance. The analysts act as subject-matter experts for the EMBA students.FindingsExecutive student learning is not eroded by relying on the analysts, and, moreover, the use of analysts enhances EMBA student understandingPractical implicationsExecutives are able, in a short time frame, to produce high quality analysis by utilizing the subject-matter experts. Executives also learn how to ask the right questions and evaluate the quality of the analysis created by the subject-matter experts. The subject-matter experts, who are also students, derive added benefits of an employment experience in finance, learning how to interpret instructions about the analysis and how to respond to feedback.Originality/valueThe paper illustrates a new course design where the course's technical analysis aspects mimic work environments enhancing student learning.

scholarly journals Registri, studi osservazionali e consenso informato

2006 ◽  
Vol 55 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Angelo A. Bignamini ◽  
Daniela Bignamini
Keyword(s):  
Observational Studies ◽  
Ethics Committee ◽  
Specific Information ◽  
Best Interest ◽  
Use Of Data ◽  
Clinical Investigations ◽  
Recorded Data ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Additional Monitoring

Le procedure di informazione e consenso sono garanzia primaria di corretto svolgimento delle ricerche cliniche. Quando applicate al puro utilizzo di dati già conferiti, sono considerate garanzia di confidenzialità. Tuttavia, si rileva che la macchinosità e complessità delle procedure di informazione e consenso al puro impiego dei dati medici in forma anonima, nel contesto di studi osservazionali e di registri, introducono un errore sistematico nella raccolta dei dati. Ciò può rendere inutile lo studio per la popolazione in genere e, nel caso di registri di patologie croniche o recidivanti, anche per lo stesso soggetto, sia che conferisca, sia che scelga di non conferire i dati. Le procedure attualmente impiegate negli studi osservazionali, che sono direttamente mutuate da quelle in uso per gli studi intervenzionali, non sembrano quindi adeguate a garantire il migliore interesse del soggetto e della collettività. A ciò si aggiungono i problemi generati dalla legislazione di tutela della riservatezza, che non sembrano tenere conto della reale possibilità che venga tutelata - con adeguate procedure - la completa anonimità dei dati clinici personali, pur mantenendo la possibilità di verifica a pubblica garanzia della credibilità. Una possibile soluzione potrebbe essere almeno la estrema semplificazione delle procedure, o meglio il conferimento al Comitato di Etica competente della possibilità di autorizzare l’impiego aggregato di dati già esistenti nei documenti dell’istituzione, senza necessità di consenso specifico individuale. Queste ipotesi, tuttavia, potrebbero essere considerate solo in studi puramente osservazionali (registri di popolazione, registri per patologia o studi osservazionali analoghi). Per studi simili, quali i registri per farmaco (che richiedono informazione specifica e potrebbero implicare procedure aggiuntive) o gli studi di fase IV (che potrebbero anche essere intervenzionali e quindi richiedere specifica informazione o procedure aggiuntive), il Comitato di Etica dovrebbe comunque valutare studio per studio quali procedure di informazione e consenso siano più adeguate. ---------- Information and consent procedures are the main guarantee that clinical investigations are correctly performed. When applied to the exclusive aggregation of already recorded data, are considered guarantee of confidentiality. However, the complexity and intricacy of information and consent procedures to the pure aggregation of anonymously conferred data, within the context of observational studies and of registries, is found to introduce a bias in data collection. Such bias can render useless the investigation, for the population in general and, in the case of registries of chronic or recurrent diseases, for the very subject who confers or chooses not to confer the data. The procedures which are currently in use in observational studies, directly derived from those used in the interventional studies, do not appear therefore appropriate to guarantee the best interest of the subject and of the community. Additional problems derive from the legislation designed to safeguard the privacy. This appears not to account for the true possibility that complete anonymity of personal clinical data can be ensured - with appropriate procedures - still maintaining the possibility of verification to provide public guarantee of credibility. A possible solution could be at least an extreme simplification of the procedures or, even better, the responsible Ethics Committee could be made accountable for authorising the aggregate use of data already existing in the Institution’s documents, without the need for a specific individual consent. These hypotheses, however, can only be considered within the frame of purely observational studies (population registries, illness registries and similar observational studies). For analogous studies such as the drug registries (that might need specific information and additional monitoring procedures) or the phase-IV studies (that may also be interventional and require specific information or additional procedures), the Ethics Committee should evaluate study by study which information and consent procedures are most appropriate for the individual investigation.

scholarly journals Geographical vocabulary of the Tornovsky dialect of the Moksha-Mordovian language

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 6-13
Author(s):  
Nikolai V. Belenov
Keyword(s):  
Field Research ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Fundamental Difference ◽  
Special Study ◽  
Methodological Basis ◽  
Linguistic Research ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Village ◽  
Linguistic Material

Geographical vocabulary existing in ethno-linguistic environment, has a significant impact on the formation of its toponymic nomenclature. This influence is manifested both in the form of toponymic formants and in the basics of geographical names originating from this ethno-linguistic environment. The relevance of this work is definted by the fact that until now geographical vocabulary of the Tornovsky dialect of the Moksha-Mordovian language, as well as other Samara-Bends dialects, was not the subject of special study, and was not introduced into academic and research circulation. The purpose of this article is description and lexico-semantic and etymological analysis of geographical vocabulary of the Tornovsky dialect of the Moksha-Mordovian language. General theoretical and methodological basis of the research was made up of the works of Russian and international researchers on the toponymy and dialectology of the Mordovian languages. Vocabulary data is based on the materials of field research that the author conducted in the village Tornovoe of the Volga district of the Samara region during the field-work in 2017 and 2018. The main methods of linguistic research are descriptive and comparative methods. They were used in the collection and analysis of linguistic material. The results of the study showed that the geographical vocabulary of the Tornovsky dialect of the Moksha-Mordovian language fully reflects all the phonetic and accentual features of this dialect. It was also revealed that there is a fundamental difference between the composition of geographical vocabulary of the Tornovsky dialect and the same vocabulary of the neighboring dialects of the Moksha-Mordvin language, Shelehmetsky and Bahilovsky. A significant part of the geographical vocabulary in tthe Tornovsky dialect is borrowed from the Russian and Turkic Kipchak languages which reflects ethnolinguistic history of its speakers.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document