scholarly journals Evaluation of the herbicide efficiency on soybean crops

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ya. P. Makukh ◽  
M. I. Kyrychok
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Consumption Rate ◽  
High Selectivity ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Soybean Seeds ◽  
Experimental Site ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Best Parameters

Purpose. To study the effectiveness of soybean weed control systems. Methods. Field and laboratory. Results. It was investigated that the use of Pari herbicide in addition to the impact on weed plants as a result of their direct contact with the product also has a noticeable soil effect, and therefore treatment with a rate of 1.0 l/ha was effective in controlling 88.4% of seedlings weeds. The product showed high selectivity in terms of destruction of both dicotyledonous and monocotyledonous species presented in the experimental site. However, the application of Pari twice with a consumption rate of 0.3 l/ha and on the fourth day + 0.4 l/ha proved to be less effective and 79.0% of weeds died under this scheme. This is most likely due to the difficulty of applying small amounts of the product, in addition, re-application required a second pass of the sprayer, which means that part of the lines lost the protective soil film of the herbicide. We determined the best parameters of plant height in the control treatment, but the indicators of weed control, regardless of the phase of the experiment, were the worst. In addition, in the case of herbicide applications, we obtained values close to the control with slight differences in plant height, which may be due to experimental error. Conclusions. It was determined that the herbicide Pulsar 40 proved to be the most effective in the experiment, so with the application of 0.3 l/ha and on the fourth day + 0.4 l/ha, 86.9% of weeds common in soybean crops died. Among herbicides with a combined seed and soil action, Pari and Fabian were effective in applying them once at a full rate. Fabian herbicide was milder than cultivated plants due to the combined active ingredients and lower dose of imazethapyr compared to Pari herbicide. Therefore, the application of 0.1 kg/ha of Fabian yields 3.11 t/ha of soybean seeds. With the use of exclusively germinating preparations, the application of Pulsar 40 at a dose of 0.3 l/ha on the fourth day + 0.4 l/ha was effective, which allowed to form 3.08 t/ha of soy quenching.

scholarly journals Impact of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles on Cd Phytotoxicity and Bioaccumulation in Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (9) ◽  
pp. 2979 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Zhang ◽  
Jinghua Long ◽  
Jianmin Geng ◽  
Jie Li ◽  
Zhongyi Wei
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Dioxide ◽  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Engineered Nanoparticles ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Booting Stage ◽  
Tio2 Nps ◽  
The Impact

The impact of engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) on the migration and toxicity of coexisting pollutants is still unclear, especially in soil media. This study aims to evaluate the impact of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) on the phytotoxicity of cadmium (Cd) to Oryza sativa L., and the migration of cadmium (Cd) in the soil-rice system. Three different Cd stress groups (C1 group: 1.0 mg kg−1, C2 group: 2.5 mg kg−1 and C3 group: 5.0 mg kg−1) were set in the pot experiment, and the target concentration of TiO2 NPs in each group were 0 mg kg−1 (T0), 50 mg kg−1 (T1), 100 mg kg−1 (T2) and 500 mg kg−1 (T3). Plant height and biomass decreased with the increasing of Cd content in paddy soil. TiO2 NPs could lower the phytotoxicity of Cd in terms of the changes in the morphological and biochemical characteristics, especially in the tillering and booting stage. In the tillering stage, TiO2 NPs addition caused a significant increase in plant height, biomass and the total chlorophyll content in the leaves of Oryza saliva L. In the booting stage, TiO2 NPs addition caused a 15% to 32% and 24% to 48% reduction of malondialdehyde (MDA) content for the C2 and C3 group, respectively, compared to that of the respective control treatment (T0). TiO2-NPs addition reduced the activity of peroxidase (POD) in the leaves in the booting and heading stage, and the activity of catalase (CAT) in the tillering stage. In the C1 and C2 group, the grain Cd content in the 100 and 500 mg kg−1 TiO2 NPs treatments reached 0.47–0.84 mg kg−1, obviously higher than that of the treatment without TiO2 NPs (0.27–0.32 mg kg−1), suggesting that TiO2-NPs could promote Cd migration in the soil-rice system.

scholarly journals Pemberian Ekstrak Daun Kiara Payung (Filicium decipiens (Wight dan Arn.) Thwaites) sebagai Bioherbisida terhadap Pertumbuhan Gulma Babadotan (Ageratum conyzoides L.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 41
Author(s):  
Dona Cindy Elfira Rana ◽  
Sendy Rondonuwu ◽  
Roni Koneri
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Weight Control ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Ageratum Conyzoides ◽  
Wet Weight

Gulma babadotan merupakan masalah serius dalam bidang pertanian karena dapat menurunkan nilai kualitas maupun kuantitas dari tanaman budidaya. Kehadiran gulma dapat diatasi menggunakan senyawa alelokimia dari kiara payung (Filicium decipiens). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh pemberian ekstrak daun kiara payung terhadap pertumbuhan tinggi, panjang akar, berat basah dan berat kering dari gulma babadotan (Ageratum conyzoides). Metode yang digunakan yaitu metode rancangan acak lengkap dengan lima perlakuan yaitu kontrol, ekstrak 1%, ekstrak 3%, ekstrak 5% dan herbisida sintetik 2%. Uji lanjut BNT taraf 95% menunjukkan bahwa setelah lima minggu perlakuan terdapat perbedaan yang nyata pada parameter tinggi tanaman antara perlakuan kontrol (33,4 cm), ekstrak 3% (27,6 cm), ekstrak 5% (21,4 cm) dan herbisida sintetik 2% (14,1 cm). Hasil uji lanjut Games-Howell taraf 95% menunjukkan bahwa panjang akar perlakuan kontrol (32,0 cm) tidak berbeda nyata dengan perlakuan ekstrak, tetapi berbeda nyata dengan perlakuan herbisida sintetik 2% (3,7 cm). Pada parameter berat basah perlakuan kontrol (33,81 g) tidak berbeda nyata dengan perlakuan ekstrak tetapi berbeda nyata dengan perlakuan herbisida sintetik 2% (0,12 g) dan pada parameter berat kering babadotan tidak ada perbedaan yang nyata antara perlakuan kontrol (6,86 g) dengan perlakuan ekstrak, tetapi berbeda nyata dengan perlakuan herbisida sintetik 2% (0,04 g). Kata kunci: Kiara payung; bioherbisida; gulma babadotan;ekstrak ABSTRACTBabadotan weed is a serious problem for agriculture field because this weed can reduce the quality and quantity value from the cultivated plants. Existence of this weed can control with allelochemical compound from kiara payung (Filicium decipiens). This study aims to examine the effect of giving kiara payung leaf extract for growth, root length, wet and dry weight of babadotan (Ageratum conyzoides) weed. The method use is complete random design method with five treatments that is control, 1% extract, 3% extract, 5% exract and 2% synthetic herbicide. Further test BNT 95% show after five weeks treatment there were significant differences in plant height parameter between control (33.4 cm), 3% extract (27.6 cm), 5% extract (21.4 cm) and 2% synthetic herbicide (3.7 cm). Further test of Games-Howell 95% in root length show no significant between control (32.0 cm) and extract treatment, but significant in 2% synthetic herbicide (3.7 cm). In wet weight, control treatment (33.81 g) no significant with extract but significant in 2% synthetic herbicide (0.12 g), and in dry weight parameter no significant between control (6.86 g) and extract, but significant in 2% synthetic herbicide (0.04 g).Keywords: Kiara payung; bioherbicide; babadotan weed; extract

scholarly journals The Impact of Salt Stress on Plant Growth, Mineral Composition, and Antioxidant Activity in Tetragonia decumbens Mill.: An Underutilized Edible Halophyte in South Africa

Horticulturae ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 140
Author(s):  
Avela Sogoni ◽  
Muhali Jimoh ◽  
Learnmore Kambizi ◽  
Charles Laubscher
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Mineral Composition ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Antioxidant Power ◽  
The Impact

Climate change, expanding soil salinization, and the developing shortages of freshwater have negatively affected crop production around the world. Seawater and salinized lands represent potentially cultivable areas for edible salt-tolerant plants. In the present study, the effect of salinity stress on plant growth, mineral composition (macro-and micro-nutrients), and antioxidant activity in dune spinach (Tetragonia decumbens) were evaluated. The treatments consisted of three salt concentrations, 50, 100, and 200 mM, produced by adding NaCl to the nutrient solution. The control treatment had no NaCl but was sustained and irrigated by the nutrient solution. Results revealed a significant increase in total yield, branch production, and ferric reducing antioxidant power in plants irrigated with nutrient solution incorporated with 50 mM NaCl. Conversely, an increased level of salinity (200 mM) caused a decrease in chlorophyll content (SPAD), while the phenolic content, as well as nitrogen, phosphorus, and sodium, increased. The results of this study indicate that there is potential for brackish water cultivation of dune spinach for consumption, especially in provinces experiencing the adverse effect of drought and salinity, where seawater or underground saline water could be diluted and used as irrigation water in the production of this vegetable.

Soybean Sensitivity to Florpyrauxifen-benzyl during Reproductive Growth and the Impact on Subsequent Progeny

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ryan Miller ◽  
Jason K. Norsworthy
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Soybean Plant ◽  
Reproductive Growth ◽  
Similar Reduction ◽  
Structural Class ◽  
Soybean Plants ◽  
The Impact

AbstractTo address recent concerns related to auxin herbicide drift onto soybean, a study was developed to understand the susceptibility of the reproductive stage of soybean to a new auxin herbicide compared with dicamba. Florpyrauxifen-benzyl is under development as the second herbicide in a new structural class of synthetic auxins, the arylpicolinates. Field studies were conducted to (1) evaluate and compare reproductive soybean injury and yield following applications of florpyrauxifen-benzyl or dicamba across various concentrations and reproductive growth stages and (2) determine whether low-rate applications of florpyrauxifen-benzyl or dicamba to soybean in reproductive stages would have similar effect on the progeny of the affected plants. Soybean were treated with 0, 1/20, or 1/160, of the 1X rate of florpyrauxifen-benzyl (30 g ai ha−1) or dicamba (560 g ae ha−1) at R1, R2, R3, R4, or R5 growth stage. Soybean plant height and yield was reduced from 1/20X dicamba across all reproductive stages. High drift rates (1/20X) of florpyrauxifen-benzyl also reduced soybean plant height >25% and yield across R1 to R4 stages. Germination, stand, plant height, and yield of the offspring of soybean plants treated with dicamba and florpyrauxifen-benzyl were significantly affected. Dicamba applied at a rate of 1/20X at R4 and R5 resulted in 20% and 35% yield reduction for the offspring, respectively. A similar reduction occurred from florpyrauxifen-benzyl applied at R4 and R5 at the 1/20X rate, resulting in 15% to 24% yield reduction for the offspring, respectively. Based on these findings, it is suggested that growers use caution when applying these herbicides in the vicinity of reproductive soybean.

Effects of organic matter and time of incorporation on root development of tropical maize seedlings

2008 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-178
Author(s):  
U. Sangakkara ◽  
S. Nissanka ◽  
P. Stamp
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Rice Straw ◽  
Organic Materials ◽  
Gliricidia Sepium ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Poor Growth ◽  
Time Of Application ◽  
The Impact

Smallholders in the tropics add different organic materials to their crops at different times, based on the availability of materials and labour. However, the time of application could have an effect on the establishment and early growth of crops, especially their root systems, which has not yet been clearly identified. This paper presents the results of a study conducted under greenhouse conditions using soils from a field treated with three organic materials at 4 or 2 weeks before or at the planting of maize seeds, corresponding to the times that tropical smallholders apply these materials. The organic materials used were leaves of Gliricidia sepium and Tithonia diversifolia or rice straw, incorporated at a rate equivalent to 6 Mt ha −1 . A control treatment where no organic matter was added was used for comparison. The impact of the treatments on soil properties at the planting of maize seed and detailed root analysis based on root lengths were carried out until the last growth stage (V4). The addition of organic matter improved the soil characteristics, and the impact of adding Gliricidia leaves was most pronounced when incorporated 2 weeks before planting. The benefits of leaves of Tithonia or rice straw on soil quality parameters were clearly evident when added 4 weeks before planting. Organic matter enhanced the root number, root length, root growth rate and branching indices. All the organic materials suppressed the growth of maize roots when applied at planting, suggesting the existence of allelopathic effects, which could result in poor growth. The most benefits in terms of root growth were observed with Tithonia .

scholarly journals Effect of specialized bathing systems on resident cleanliness and water quality in nursing homes: a randomized controlled trial

2007 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 283-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip D. Sloane ◽  
Lauren W. Cohen ◽  
Christianna S. Williams ◽  
Jean Munn ◽  
John S. Preisser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Bacterial Colonization ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Nursing Home Residents ◽  
Skin Condition ◽  
Microbial Flora ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Staff Satisfaction ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
The Impact

A randomized controlled trial evaluated the impact of different methods of water agitation on clinical and microbiological outcomes in 31 nursing home residents. Four conditions were tested: a) whirlpool tub, jets on, using standard soap products; b) ultrasound tub, ultrasound on, using the standard soap products; c) ultrasound tub, ultrasound on, using specialized soap and skin conditioner; and d) either tub (randomized), water circulation off, using standard soap products (the control condition). Outcomes of interest included skin microbial flora, water microbial flora, skin condition, time spent bathing, and staff satisfaction. Resident skin condition and skin microbial flora did not differ between the four treatments. The tubs also did not differ in terms of bacterial colonization; however, there was a non-statistically significant trend for the highest counts to occur in whirlpool tubs after being idle overnight. The ultrasound and whirlpool tubs were preferred by staff over the control treatment (still water) in terms of sound and overall suitability. In addition, staff reported that the ultrasound tub using enhanced skin cleansers made bathing residents easier and faster than the same tub using standard cleansers.

scholarly journals Induction of a geochemical barrier for As, Fe and S immobilization in a sulfide substrate

2012 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 671-679 ◽  
Author(s):  
Igor Rodrigues de Assis ◽  
Luiz Eduardo Dias ◽  
Emerson Silva Ribeiro Jr ◽  
Walter Antônio Pereira Abrahão ◽  
Jaime Wilson Vargas de Mello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acid Mine Drainage ◽  
Mine Drainage ◽  
Environmental Concern ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Geochemical Barrier ◽  
Acid Mine ◽  
Element Mobilization ◽  
Co Precipitation ◽  
The Impact

Acid mine drainage (AMD) is an environmental concern due to the risk of element mobilization, including toxic elements, and inclusion in the food chain. In this study, three cover layers were tested to minimize As, Fe and S mobilization from a substrate from former gold mining, containing pyrite and arsenopyrite. For this purpose, different layers (capillary break, sealant and cover layer) above the substrate and the induction of a geochemical barrier (GB) were used to provide suitable conditions for adsorption and co-precipitation of the mobilized As. Thirteen treatments were established to evaluate the leaching of As, Fe and S from a substrate in lysimeters. The pH, As, Fe, S, Na, and K concentrations and total volume of the leachates were determined. Mineralogical analyses were realized in the substrate at the end of the experimental period. Lowest amounts of As, Fe and S (average values of 5.47, 48.59 and 132.89 g/lysimeter) were leached in the treatments that received Na and K to induce GB formation. Mineralogical analyses indicated jarosite formation in the control treatment and in treatments that received Na and K salts. However, the jarosite amounts in these treatments were higher than in the control, suggesting that these salts accelerated the GB formation. High amounts of As, Fe and S (average values of 11.7, 103.94 and 201.13 g/lysimeter) were observed in the leachate from treatments without capillary break layer. The formation of geochemical barrier and the use of different layers over the sulfide substrate proved to be efficient techniques to decrease As, Fe and S mobilization and mitigate the impact of acid mine drainage.

scholarly journals Influence of vernalization and bulb size on the production of lily cut flowers and lily bulbs

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (4Supl1) ◽  
pp. 2399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diogo Brito de Almeida ◽  
José Geraldo Barbosa ◽  
José Antônio Saraiva Grossi ◽  
Fernando Luiz Finger ◽  
Joice Crescencio Heidemann
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Cut Flowers ◽  
Floral Buds ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Commercial Harvest ◽  
Physiological Phenomenon ◽  
Cold Chamber ◽  
The Impact

Exposure of bulbs to cold, a physiological phenomenon called vernalization, and bulb size are important factors in the production of lily bulbs and flowers. This study aimed to verify the influence of vernalization of bulbs on flowering cut lily plants, as well as the impact of size and shape of harvest on the production and quality of flowers and bulbs. In turn, the way the stems of the plants used for cut-flower production are cropped is of higher importance for the production of new flower bulbs. In this sense, the experiment was conducted in Viçosa, MG, in a greenhouse in a randomized block design, in split splot scheme with three replications, in which the vernalization periods (25, 35 and 45 days at 4 ± 1 C) constituted the plots; bulb sizes (diameters of 3.2-3.8 cm; 2.5-3.2 cm 1.9- and 2.5 cm), subplots and ways to harvest (full harvest of the stem at the required length for the commercial harvest of the flower, commercial stem harvest at the commercial length, maintaining 10cm of stem in the soil; removal of the floral buds as soon as their appearance is observed and harvest at the end of the season), the sub subplots. The bulbs were planted in beds, with 15 x 20 cm spacing. It was evaluated the number of plants that flowered and the number of flowers, the length and the diameter of the floral buds, fresh and dry weights, diameter and plant height as well as number, perimeter and amount of fresh and dry bulbs. There was a decrease in the plant height with the increase of the vernalization period and a reduction of the diameter of the planted bulbs, as well as of the number and the fresh and dry weights of the produced buds. The production of flowers and buds in number, size and weight was directly proportional to the size of the planted bulbs, while the form of harvest with removal of flower buds increased the number, the perimeter and the fresh and dry weights of the buds. Bulbs with diameter between 3.2 - 3.8 cm, stored for 25 days in cold chamber enable greater production of flowers and the highest stem height, factors that favor the increase in market value.

scholarly journals Insects associated with sesame (Sesamun indicum L.) and the impact of insect pollinators on crop production

2012 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farag Mahmoud
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Digital Camera ◽  
Insect Species ◽  
Pitfall Traps ◽  
Experimental Site ◽  
Insect Pollination ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Weight Number

A survey of insects associated with sesame, Sesamun indicum L. (Pedaliaceae) was conducted at the Agriculture Research Farm of The Faculty of Agriculture, University of Suez Canal during the growing seasons 2010 and 2011. All different insect species found on the experimental site were collected for identification. Sampling was done once a week and three times a day. Three methods were used to collect insects from the sesame plants (a sweep net, pitfall traps, digital camera and eye observation). A total of 31 insect species were collected and properly identified during the survey. Insects recorded on the plants were divided into four groups, true pollinators (Hymenoptera), other pollinators (Diptera, Coleoptera and Lepidoptera), pests (Orthoptera, Odonata, Hemiptera and Homoptera) and natural enemies (Coleoptera, Hymenoptera, Neuroptera and Dictyoptera). For studying the impact of insect pollination on sesame production, the experiment was divided in two: opened and non-opened pollination of sesame. 50 plants from nonopened pollination were covered with a perforated paper bag to allow the air to pass through and to prevent insects from approaching the plants. Quantitative and qualitative parameters were measured as follows: pod weight, number of seeds in each pod, weight of 1000 seeds, germination (%), seedlings vigour and oil content (%). Results clearly demonstrate that the opened pollination improved the crop production.

scholarly journals Profil Plumbum (Pb) dan Cadmium (Cd) sebagai Kontaminan Dampak Penggunaan Agrokimia serta Remediasi Biji Kedelai Menggunakan Swelling Agent pada Khelasi dengan Asam Sitrat

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 45
Author(s):  
Sapto Priyadi ◽  
Purnama Darmaji ◽  
Umar Santoso ◽  
Pudji Hastuti
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Citric Acid ◽  
Concentration Factor ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Soybean Seeds ◽  
Acceptable Daily Intake ◽  
Cultivation System ◽  
Swelling Agent ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact

This research were aimed to know the plumbum (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) profile on soybean seeds as contaminants of the impact use of agrochemistry material impact and to know of swelling agent of N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) needs at certain level of pH in chelation with citric acid. The results showed that the content of Pb in soybean seeds at cultivation system agrochemistry materials i.e. 0.63 ppm, while cultivation system without agrochemistry materials i.e. 0.46 ppm. Cd content in soybean seeds at cultivation system agrochemistry materials i.e. 0.05 ppm and the cultivation system without agrochemistry materials i.e. 0.1 ppm. Acceptable daily intake in terms of Pb content in soybean after treatment increases to 2.93 times compared before treatment (11.3379 to 33.2099 g per body weight per day). Acceptable daily intake in terms of the content of the Cd in soybean after treatment increases to 5.26 times compared before treatment. The value of the bio-concentration factor which expressed an accumulation of Pb in soybean seeds on both cultivation is low system (BCF<250), while for Cd is a moderate to high level (1.000<BCF>250). Cd reduction on soybeans seeds for all chelation treatment was maximum (not detected-detection limits was 0.01 ppm), while the highest reduction of Pb occurs at swelling agent N, N-dimethylformamide 15 mL at pH 10.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document