scholarly journals Fruit Degradation Detection System using CMOS Color Sensor

Author(s):  
Prof. Shashant Jaykar ◽  
Ritika Umap ◽  
Shruti Shende ◽  
Kalyani Hood

Fruits and vegetables have been a significant part of the human diet for the last many years. In the modern age, with the increase in disease variants, people have become more curious about natural and organic nutrition. In this current situation the thought has brought some problems with it which are mostly related to freshness. The awareness about consuming organic fruit has been highly increased in people and the major reason behind this awareness is the discoveries about health benefits of fruits and vegetables. There are several parameters that affect the freshness of fruit such as temperature, humidity, growth of micro-organisms whose effects are not visible with naked eyes but are highly dangerous and As fruits and vegetables are very good source of food for us and they are also good source of energy for microorganisms like bacteria and fungi too. We preferred developing a simplified system which will provide us with a similar amount of accuracy which is being provided by various color measuring instruments such as spectrophotometers and computer vision with digital cameras. This provoked us to develop the project consisting of PIC Microcontroller and Color Sensor TCS3200 which not only overcomes the drawbacks of the existing systems but also helps to increase the accuracy and keeps the database for future detections.

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (10) ◽  
pp. 5337-5343
Author(s):  
Nilam Qureshi ◽  
Seungjae Lee ◽  
Ravindra Chaudhari ◽  
Pramod Mane ◽  
Jayant Pawar ◽  
...  

In our current endeavor, 3-dimensional (3D) tungsten oxide (WO3) nanostructures (nanocubes, nanobars and nanobricks) have been swiftly generated via hydrothermal route at 160 °C for 24 h. Physico-chemical characterization of the resultant powder revealed formation of WO3 nanostructures with predominantly faceted cube, brick and rectangular bar-like morphology. The present study was also aimed at exploring the antimicrobial and anticancer potential of WO3 nanostructures. Antimicrobial activity was tested against different micro-organisms viz., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli and Aspergillus fumigatus. The antibacterial and antifungal activity was ascertained against these micro-organisms by measuring the diameter of inhibition zone in agar well diffusion test which revealed that the resultant WO3 nanostructures acted as excellent antibacterial agents against both bacteria and fungi but were more effective against the fungus, A. fumigatus. To examine the growth curves of bacterial cells, time kill assay was monitored for E. coli, against which significant antibacterial action of WO3 nanostructures was noted. The anti-cancer activity of WO3 nanostructures was found to be concentration-dependent against KB cell line by viable cell count method. In our pilot study, WO3 nanostructures suspension with concentration in the range of 10−1 to 10−5 mg/ml was found to kill KB cells effectively.


Author(s):  
Filiz Uçan ◽  
Hatice Aysun Mercimek

Requirement simple technology, low production costs, lack of polluting effects and reliability in terms of health of it is the most important advantages of edible films. Chitosan that extend the shelf life of food and increase the economic efficiency of packaging materials is one of the new materials used for edible films. Chitosan was obtained by deacetylation of chitin which is the most commonly occurred polymer after cellulose in nature, in shells of arthropods such as crab, shrimp, lobster and in cell walls of some bacteria and fungi. Chitosan has the important bioactive properties such as hemostatic, bacteriostatic, fungistatic, spermicidal, anticarcinogenic, anticholesteremic, antacids, antiulcer, wound and bone healing accelerator and stimulating the immune system. As well as these features, the film forming and barrier properties of its, chitosan is made the ideal material for edible films and coatings in antimicrobial characters. Especially, in the protection of qualities and the improving storage times of fruits and vegetables, have been revealed the potential use of chitosan. The coating food with chitosan films reduces the oxygen partial pressure in the package, maintains temperature with moisture transfer between food and its environment, declines dehydration, delays enzymatic browning in fruits and controls respiration. In addition to, chitosan are also used on issues such as the increasing the natural flavour, setting texture, increasing of the emulsifying effect, stabilization of color and deacidification.


Author(s):  
O. Shkromada ◽  
Yu. Dudchenko ◽  
T. Necherya ◽  
I. Abubakari Kavla

In this field, complex disinfectants were contrasted using effective concentrations against bacteria and spore-forming microorganisms. A significant problem for the owners is the emergence of resistance of strains of microorganisms in the existing production and the same disinfectants. Investigation of trusted working concentrations of disinfectants that do not have a corrosive effect on metal structures. According to the results of research and production, contrast is an effective disinfectant for reducing E. coli and S aureus at 0,3 – 0,5% concentration at exposure for 30 min. and consumption of 100 - 400 cm3 / m2. Laboratory researches were carried out in laboratories of microbiological faculties of veterinary medicine of Sumy National Agrarian University. Disappearance gaps and disinfection on the market in Kyiv. Samples were drawn in the refrigerators from the walls, ceilings and floors. Refrigerated chambers made of stainless steel are made up of rubber and plastic elements. Metals are very vulnerable to corrosion with more concentrated acids and alkali. This was taken into account when choosing a disinfectant and its effective organizations. As a disinfectant used the drug contrast (manufacturer PE "Kronos Agro", Ukraine). The disinfectant was taken at a dose of 100 ml per 1 m2. To produce the culture was prepared basic products containing 1000 mg of the drug in 1 ml of distilled water. The experimental solutions were prepared for study with the main formulations developed. Representatives had extraordinary effects. The  disks were leaked through the disinfectant to obtain a zone of retention of high bacteria and fungi. The reliability of disinfectant destroying the micro-organisms of E. coli and S. aureus test cultures was also known. For the trusted production preparations, the contrast at the trusted enterprises was carried out by the rehabilitation of the premises of the educational laboratory of the Sumy National Agrarian University (premises for animals, dairies, refrigeration chambers). Renovation and test activities were performed at 0,1, 0,25 and 0,5 % of exposed contrast with exposure for 60, 30 and 10 min. the disinfectant was consumed 250 cm3 / m2. Upon completion of the studies, the investigated tests were investigated with distilled water (flow rate - 1000 cm3 / m2). Water that has been washed away test products, presented in specially prepared capabilities. Test results for this after disinfection were also investigated with distilled water, which was found on the disinfectant. To study the corrosion activity of the disinfectant used metal plates 1h1sm2. The metal samples were welded to the fifth mark after the commission before and after the study. 0,5; 1,0; 1,5; 2,5 % contrast solutions were used in the study. For comparison, in the experiments used 2% of productive. M. bovis mycobacterial cultures were grown on Pavlovsky's glycerol medium. The bacterial culture was transferred into sterile vials and sterile isotonic material containing 0,05 cm3 / mg was added. A large amount of delay zone in Petri dishes containing 0,5 % of S. aureus disinfectant, 3,5 times S. cholerase 1,8 S. Enteritidis 2 more than 0,5% formal form . Higher indicators of bacterial properties of the disinfectant contrast at a concentration of 0,5%.


1933 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 545-552 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. C. Broadfoot

The antagonistic and compatible growth relationships of 66 cultures of bacteria and fungi, most of which were from the soil, towards O. graminis on potato dextrose agar and Molisch's salt peptone agar, were compared with the effect of each on the virulence of this pathogene on wheat seedlings in open soil culture.Of the 21 cultures which controlled the virulence of O. graminis in the soil, only 15 of these were antagonistic on potato dextrose agar, while of the 45 cultures which gave intermediate or no control, 17 were compatible and 28 were decidedly antagonistic. From data secured indirectly, the antagonism or compatibility of the micro-organisms toward O. graminis, observed on potato dextrose agar, did not seem to depend on active alkali or acid more than on other metabolic products. The study apparently demonstrates that the growth reaction of various micro-organisms and O. graminis, associated on the two solid media used, is not a reliable indication that the same micro-organism will or will not suppress the virulence of this pathogene on wheat in soil in open pot culture.


EDIS ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 2004 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
James J. Ferguson

Pascal Liu and others at the International Trade Center, Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations, reviewed available literature, conducted surveys and interviewed key players in international organic marketing in 2000 for a report entitled "World Markets for Organic Fruit and Vegetables - Opportunities for Developing Countries in the Production and Export of Organic Horticultural Products."  This fact sheet lists the contents and summarizes the main findings of that report with the intention that this information will aid Florida organic fruit and vegetable growers and others in assessing their export potential for European and Japanese markets. This document is HS977, one of a series of the Horticultural Sciences Department, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. Publication date: May 2004. https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/hs213


2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 74-106
Author(s):  
د/ نسيبة عبدالرحيم محمد عبدالرحيم

Since ancient times speculate rights and looking at how creation, creation of the universe or article as well as the creation of life on the planet there are legends explaining the origins of the universe and creation, where she developed theories claim that life originated on earth by chance and perhaps (Darwin) is the most famous of the announced the so-called theory of evolution and development by declaring that life arose as soon as coincidence Pure and evolution of objects from the objects and single-celled objects vehicle was the basis of the conflict and objects powerful is that prevailed and prevail constantly and death that the micro-organisms and even viruses were still living around us, as well as bacteria and fungi, they also have a rolein the preservation of bio-diversity, who became a target of humanity itself finally. And by reference to the Quran, we find that the elements of the story of the creation of man scattered verses are varied and multiple, but in the end, are integrated in a coherent theory describing this attitude, no doubt that this cohesion giving it a lot of the characteristics of credibility and persuasion, as they fill up the blanks, which seeks the mind is always to exploration in search More definitive answer, and stresses that what was mentioned in the Koran about this subject has not invalidated until today any scientific fact established by the researchers, but already proved the Koran every scientific fact.


Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (23) ◽  
pp. 5606
Author(s):  
Ângela Liberal ◽  
Ângela Fernandes ◽  
Nikolaos Polyzos ◽  
Spyridon A. Petropoulos ◽  
Maria Inês Dias ◽  
...  

Petroselinum crispum Mill., Fuss., is a culinary vegetable used as an aromatic herb that garnishes and flavours a great variety of dishes. In the present study, the chemical profiles and bioactivities of leaf samples from 25 cultivars (three types: plain- and curly-leafed and turnip-rooted) from this species were assessed. Seven phenolic compounds were identified in all the varieties, including apigenin and kaempherol derivates. Apigenin-O-pentoside-O-hexoside was the major compound in all the tested parsley types (20, 22 and 13 mg/g of extract, respectively) and responsible for its excellent antioxidant activity, also investigated in this study. Antimicrobial activities were also explored, and the results revealed a good bioactivity against specific tested pathogens, such as bacteria and fungi. In conclusion, the leaves of all the types of P. crispum are a good source of natural bioactive compounds that confer health benefits, and thus, they should be part of a balanced and diversified diet.


Antioxidants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 305
Author(s):  
Joselin Aguiar ◽  
João L. Gonçalves ◽  
Vera L. Alves ◽  
José S. Câmara

Fruits and vegetables are considered a good source of antioxidants, which are beneficial in protecting the human body against damage induced by free radicals and other reactive oxygen (ROS) and nitrogen (RNS) species. In this work, we aimed to evaluate the integral antioxidant activity (AOA) and determine individual polyphenols in fruits and vegetables of frequent consumption. For this purpose, an innovative and high throughput analytical approach based on original QuEChERS assisted by ultrasound extraction (USAE), instead of the manual agitation used in the classical procedure, was optimized and implemented for the isolation of polyphenols. The total phenolic content (TPC), flavonoids, anthocyanins, and betalains were evaluated using different spectrophotometric assays. In addition, free radical scavenging by methods 2,2’-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate) (ABTS) and 2,2′-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) were used to estimate the AOA of the investigated fruit and vegetable extracts. Red onion, tamarillo, and beetroot were the samples with the highest AOA. The quantification and identification of free low molecular weight polyphenols from QuEChERS-USAE extracts was carried out by ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography equipped with a photodiode array detection system (UHPLC-PDA). Catechin was the most abundant polyphenol, followed by gentisic and ferulic acids, mainly in the watercress sample. In relation to flavonols, quercetin and kaempferol were found mostly in onion samples, and in small quantities in tomato and watercress. The improved analytical approach, QuEChERS-USAE/UHPLC-PDA, offers an attractive alternative for the analysis of polyphenols from fruit and vegetable samples, providing several advantages over traditional extraction techniques, in terms of reproducibility, simplicity, low cost, analysis speed, and analytical performance.


Author(s):  
Sanath Alahakoon ◽  
Yan Quan Sun ◽  
Maksym Spiryagin ◽  
Colin Cole

This paper delivers an in-depth review of the state-of-the-art technologies relevant to rail flaw detection giving emphasis to their use in detection of rail flaw defects at practical inspection vehicle speeds. The review not only looks at the research being carried out but also investigates the commercial products available for rail flaw detection. It continues further to identify the methods suitable to be adopted in a moving vehicle rail flaw detection system. Even though rail flaw detection has been a well-researched area for decades, an in-depth review summarizing all available technologies together with an assessment of their capabilities has not been published in the recent past according to the knowledge of the authors. As such, it is believed that this review paper will be a good source of information for future researchers in this area.


1987 ◽  
Vol 19 (8) ◽  
pp. 167-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
D C. P. Casarini ◽  
R C de A Cunha ◽  
B. Maset Filho

The effects of irrigation with vinasse (distillery effluent) on microbial populations in experimental squares of sugar-cane plantation were studied. The soil was a haplortox, with a sandy clay loam texture. The plantation was at Usina Costa Pinto, São Paulo State. A substantial and temporary increase was observed in the populations of bacteria and fungi. The actinomycetes were inhibited during the initial period. The major chemical compound known to be present in the vinasse is simple carbohydrate, although other complex organic compounds may be present. The behaviour of the cellulolytic micro-organisms was analysed, as a tentative attempt to select a biological indicator. Nitrifying micro-organisms were inhibited during the second stage of the decomposition of the waste. The great microbiological transformations resulting from the irrigation of soil with vinasse did not cause, as expected, a significant elevation in the soil pH.


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document