scholarly journals Garcinia intermedia, a little-known fruit tree in the American tropics

2022 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Andrés-Agustín ◽  
◽  
Juan Guillermo Cruz-Castillo ◽  
José Carlos Bautista-Villegas ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central America ◽  
Fruit Tree ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Basic Knowledge ◽  
Asexual Propagation ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
The Family ◽  
Medicinal Properties ◽  
American Tropics ◽  
Selection Of

Garcinia intermedia (Pittier) Hammel, known as the lemon drop mangosteen in English and by a variety of names including limoncillo and toronjil in Mexico, belongs to the family Clusiaceae, and is distributed in the warm tropical regions of Mexico and Central America at elevations of 300 to 1,000 m. It is an underutilized fruit tree that reaches up to 20 m in height and produces yellow fruits with up to four seeds. The pulp is bittersweet and is highly valued by the rural population of the regions where it grows, where bats and spider monkeys also consume it. The fruit has medicinal properties; it is rich in benzophenones, which attack colon cancer cells. The fruit of G. intermedia has higher antioxidant capacity than the fruit of the mangosteen (G. mangostana Linn.); however, little is known about the horticultural management of this species, and basic knowledge, such as asexual propagation or postharvest conservation, has not been reported. There is no information on ex situ conservation of this species in Mexico and Central America, and no selection of outstanding specimens with high quality fruits has been made. Most of the information reported so far for this species is about its ecology and medicinal properties.

scholarly journals A Review of Anti – Diarrheal Activity of Aegle marmelos

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Rakulini ◽  
S. Kalaichelvi
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Fruit Tree ◽  
Deciduous Tree ◽  
Root Bark ◽  
Aegle Marmelos ◽  
Ripe Fruit ◽  
The Family ◽  
Medicinal Properties

The aim of this study was review the anti – diarrheal activity of Aegle marmelos.  Siddha literatures were obtained from the library of Unit of Siddha Medicine, University of Jaffna. Data was collected from books and internet and tabulated for the analysis. Beal Fruit Tree (Aegle marmelos) (Tamil name Vilvam, Kuvilam, Sinhala name Belli), belongs to the family of Rutaceae. It is the most valuable medicinal plant in Siddha system of Medicine due to its various medicinal properties. It is a small or medium sized deciduous tree. It has alternate leave arrangement, Its flowers are greenish white, Fruit globose, grey or yellowish colour, Seeds Numerous. Found all over the Sri Lanka. Fruit (both unripe & ripe), root – bark, leaves, rind of the ripe fruit & flowers are used in drug preparations. Un-ripe fruit is astringent, digestive & stomachic & a little constipative. According to Siddha, Aegle marmelos has bitter, astringent taste, hot potency, pungent bio availability and reduce Vatha, Pitha and Kapha dosha. Diarrhoeal diseases are amongst the most common infectious diseases worldwide resulting in 3.2% of all deaths killing about 1.8 million people globally each year. It is quite evident from this review that Aegle marmelos is an important medicinal herb and extensively used in Ayurveda, Siddha, unani and traditional medicine. Historically, Aegle marmelos has been used for the number of ethonobotanical purposes. The collected information suggests that Aegle marmelos has anti-diarrheal activity.

scholarly journals Thrips species associated with varieties of the native cerrado fruit tree Hancornia speciosa

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jéssica Ferreira Silva ◽  
Jaqueline Magalhães Pereira ◽  
Charlles Brandão Silva Rocha ◽  
André Júnio Andrade Peres ◽  
Élison Fabrício Bezerra Lima
Keyword(s):  
Native Species ◽  
Fruit Tree ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
High Abundance ◽  
Brazilian Cerrado ◽  
Germplasm Bank ◽  
Thrips Species ◽  
The Family ◽  
Hancornia Speciosa ◽  
First Time

Abstract Studies of insects associated with the fruit tree Hancornia speciosa Gomes (Apocynaceae), a native of the Brazilian Cerrado popularly known as “mangabeira”, are generally restricted to reports from seedling nurseries. Thrips predominate among insects that attack this crop. This study investigated the species of Thysanoptera that use this native fruit as a host, and which variety they prefer. The H. speciosa varieties speciosa s.str., cuyabensis, gardneri and pubescens were obtained from the collections of the ex-situ germplasm bank of native species at the Escola de Agronomia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil. Evaluations were conducted from January through December 2016. A total of 1679 individual thrips were identified. Thrips were most abundant on pubescens (79.08%), followed by gardneri (15.02%), cuyabensis (4.71%), and speciosa (1.19%). Representatives of the family Thripidae predominated in all collections, especially Coremothrips nubiculus and Heliothrips longisensibilis. The foliar trichomes present in var. pubescens may account for the high abundance of thrips on this variety. Heliothrips longisensibilis is recorded in Brazil for the first time.

Meiotic chromosome behavior of Haworthia limifolia

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (03) ◽  
pp. 4902
Author(s):  
Afrin Nazli ◽  
Kamini Kumar*
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Recombination ◽  
Meiotic Chromosome ◽  
Pollen Sterility ◽  
Meiotic Abnormalities ◽  
Chromosome Behavior ◽  
The Family ◽  
Medicinal Properties ◽  
Fruit Formation ◽  
Meiosis I ◽  
Chromosomal Behaviour

Haworthia limifolia is a xerophytic plant belonging to the family Liliaceae and is indigenous to Africa. It is use extensively for its medicinal properties like antibacterial, antifungal properties and used for the treatment of sores, superficial burns, as a blood purifier and to promote pregnancy in women and cattles. In present investigation chromosomal behaviour of H. limifolia in meiosis was studied. In diplotene stage chiasmata was observed showing the possibilities of genetic recombination. Chromosome clumps were observed in diakinesis indicating sticky nature of chromosomes. Meiotic abnormalities like stickiness, precocious movement, formation of bridges and laggards were also reported in both meiosis I and II. A fairly high percentage of pollen sterility that is 73.41% was recorded resulting in failure of fruit formation. This plant could be designated as facultative apomict (Swanson, 1957) as the only means of reproduction found was asexual or vegetative.

scholarly journals Sequence data from isolated lichen-associated melanized fungi enhance delimitation of two new lineages within Chaetothyriomycetidae

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 911-927
Author(s):  
Lucia Muggia ◽  
Yu Quan ◽  
Cécile Gueidan ◽  
Abdullah M. S. Al-Hatmi ◽  
Martin Grube ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Data ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Asexual Propagation ◽  
Dna Sequence Data ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Family ◽  
Rock Inhabiting Fungi ◽  
Stable Habitat

AbstractLichen thalli provide a long-lived and stable habitat for colonization by a wide range of microorganisms. Increased interest in these lichen-associated microbial communities has revealed an impressive diversity of fungi, including several novel lineages which still await formal taxonomic recognition. Among these, members of the Eurotiomycetes and Dothideomycetes usually occur asymptomatically in the lichen thalli, even if they share ancestry with fungi that may be parasitic on their host. Mycelia of the isolates are characterized by melanized cell walls and the fungi display exclusively asexual propagation. Their taxonomic placement requires, therefore, the use of DNA sequence data. Here, we consider recently published sequence data from lichen-associated fungi and characterize and formally describe two new, individually monophyletic lineages at family, genus, and species levels. The Pleostigmataceae fam. nov. and Melanina gen. nov. both comprise rock-inhabiting fungi that associate with epilithic, crust-forming lichens in subalpine habitats. The phylogenetic placement and the monophyly of Pleostigmataceae lack statistical support, but the family was resolved as sister to the order Verrucariales. This family comprises the species Pleostigma alpinum sp. nov., P. frigidum sp. nov., P. jungermannicola, and P. lichenophilum sp. nov. The placement of the genus Melanina is supported as a lineage within the Chaetothyriales. To date, this genus comprises the single species M. gunde-cimermaniae sp. nov. and forms a sister group to a large lineage including Herpotrichiellaceae, Chaetothyriaceae, Cyphellophoraceae, and Trichomeriaceae. The new phylogenetic analysis of the subclass Chaetothyiomycetidae provides new insight into genus and family level delimitation and classification of this ecologically diverse group of fungi.

Counseling Parents of Children With Behavior Problems: The Use of Extinction and Time-Out Techniques

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-85
Author(s):  
Ronald S. Drabman ◽  
Greg Jarvie
Keyword(s):  
Problem Behaviors ◽  
Inappropriate Behavior ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Alternative Behavior ◽  
Home Setting ◽  
Time Out ◽  
Behavior Response ◽  
Disciplinary Problems ◽  
The Family ◽  
Selection Of

The pediatrician is the professional most frequently sought out for advice concerning disciplinary problems with children in the home. Behavioral psychologists have advocated the use of contingent ignoring and time-out procedures to help reduce problem behaviors; however, practicing pediatricians have found that these two procedures are often not successful. In fact, sometimes the two procedures seem to exacerbate inappropriate behavior. This paper documents the difficulties found in using the ignoring and/or time-out procedures in the home setting. Potential pitfalls in the use of ignoring, including not specifying the target behavior, not taking a baseline, inadvertently, intermittently reinforcing the inappropriate behavior, response bursts, spontaneous recovery, and not reinforcing an appropriate alternative behavior, are described. In addition, several pitfalls in the use of the time-out procedure, including selection of isolation area, inappropriate selection of time intervals, interference from others in the family, and escape attempts on the part of the child are discussed. For each potential problem a remedy is suggested.

Cassia grandis (pink shower).

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marianne Jennifer Datiles ◽  
Pedro Acevedo-Rodríguez
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
South America ◽  
Central America ◽  
Landscape Design ◽  
Direct Sunlight ◽  
Tropical America ◽  
Gallery Forests ◽  
Medicinal Properties ◽  
Live Fences ◽  
Flooded Areas

Abstract C. grandis is an element of lowland and riparian, semideciduous forests, occurring naturally from Mexico to South America. The species is usually 10-15 m high, and is very ornamental, especially due to its pink flowers which appear when the tree is partially defoliate and cover the entire crown. It is used in landscape design and urban arborization in tropical America, although in some cases its use is restricted due to the size of its fruits, which can reach 40-60 cm long. The species is recommended for live fences and revegetation in gallery forests in periodically flooded areas, but it is also adapted to a more or less pronounced dry season. C. grandis can be planted under direct sunlight in mixed tree systems, in fertile soils. The species has agroforestry potential for dry zones, especially in Central America, and is recommended for arborization of perennial crops and pastures, the fruits are highly appreciated by the cattle. C. grandis requires periodical pruning, however this may cause early decay and rot. The wood is used in construction, especially for carpentry, joinery, flooring, posts, beams, also for rustic furniture, tool handles, small bridges and boats. It is considered good for charcoal and fuelwood, and inadequate for cellulose and paper. In Central America, especially in Costa Rica, the membrane which surrounds the seeds is used as a substitute for chocolate, and is also used in many countries due to its medicinal properties. Researches have shown that extracts from this plant exhibit activity against the most common dermatophytes.

On the authorship and publication dates of Theraphosa and Theraphosidae (Araneae, Mygalomorphae): a clarification

Bionomina ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
RAINER BREITLING
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Publication Date ◽  
Diverse Group ◽  
Early 19Th Century ◽  
The Family ◽  
Minority View ◽  
Case Based ◽  
Selection Of

The genus Theraphosa was established by Thorell (1870) as the type genus of the simultaneously published family Theraphosidae, the most diverse group of mygalomorph spiders. This authorship and publication date have long been accepted by the majority of authors. However, there has been a long-standing minority view that the genus name should be attributed to Walckenaer (1805), and the publication date of the family name changed to 1869.             A thought-provoking recent publication has examined this case. Based on a limited selection of the relevant literature, the authors struggled to make sense of their sources and prematurely concluded that the minority opinion might indeed be correct. They overlooked the potentially destabilising implications of this reattribution.             This paper revisits the evidence in the light of a much wider range of relevant publications, places it in its important historical context and, on the basis of the current rules of nomenclature, concludes that the traditional consensus has indeed been correct.                 Thus, Theraphosa Thorell, 1870 is the type genus of Theraphosidae Thorell, 1870 and a nomen protectum, while Theraphosa Schinz, 1823 is a nomen oblitum, mostly limited to the German textbook literature of the early 19th century. Teraphosa Eichwald, 1830 and Teraphosa Gistel, 1848 are junior synonyms of Avicularia Lamarck, 1818 (syn. nov.). Theraphosa Walckenaer, 1805 is a suprageneric name of the class-series (synonymous to Mygalomorphae) and not available at the genus level.

scholarly journals Diversity of Neopestalotiopsis and Pestalotiopsis spp., Causal Agents of Guava Scab in Colombia

Plant Disease ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 102 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando Solarte ◽  
Carlos German Muñoz ◽  
Sajeewa S. N. Maharachchikumbura ◽  
Elizabeth Álvarez
Keyword(s):  
Central America ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer ◽  
Geographical Origin ◽  
Elongation Factor ◽  
Psidium Guajava ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
Fruit Tree ◽  
Multiple Gene ◽  
Guava Leaves ◽  
Β Tubulin

Common guava (Psidium guajava L.) is a fruit tree of global economic importance. It is grown in Asia, South and Central America, and Hawaii for its exquisite aroma and flavor, and nutritional and medical properties. However, guava production is limited by guava scab, caused by fungi in the Pestalotiopsis genus. Characteristic symptoms of guava scab are corky, ovoid or round lesions on fruit surfaces. These lesions may thicken, affecting the flesh below and reducing fruit quality and commercial value. We characterized 81 isolates isolated from guava scab lesions on guava leaves and fruit in different regions of Colombia, and identified them as Pestalotiopsis and Neopestalotiopsis spp. We analyzed the morphology, pathogenicity, and genetic diversity of the isolates based on the sequences of the internal transcribed spacer, β-tubulin, and elongation factor genes. Isolates were morphologically, pathogenically, and genetically diverse but the diversity did not correlate with geographical origin, or guava cultivar or tissue from which the isolates were recovered. Selected monosporic isolates included in the multiple-gene analysis were identified as belonging to two genera: Neopestalotiopsis (65 isolates with versicolorous conidia) and Pestalotiopsis (4 isolates with concolorous conidia).

scholarly journals Program home industri produksi jilbab syar’i bagi PKK Kampung Bunsur untuk meningkatkan perekonomian masyarakat Desa Bunsur Kecamatan Sungai Apit Kabupaten Siak

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Feranita Feranita ◽  
Ery Safrianti ◽  
Nurhalim Nurhalim ◽  
Dian Yayan Sukma ◽  
Yusnita Rahayu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Training Program ◽  
Community Service ◽  
Skills Training ◽  
Target Audience ◽  
Basic Knowledge ◽  
Village Community ◽  
Family Economy ◽  
The Family ◽  
Service Activities ◽  
The Village

ABSTRACTThe hijab sewing skills training program is seen as a strategic educational skill to be implemented for women because hijab sewing can be applied for their own needs or become a side business. This skill, if properly trained and mastered, can become a form of business that can help the family economy and create jobs for the community. The village community service activities were carried out in Bunsur Village, Sungai Apit Subdistrict, Siak Regency, Riau Province with the target audience is the housewives of the village. They have given basic knowledge in choosing materials for the hijab. Then skills trained was held, starting how to make pet and headscarves, cutting fabrics according to the patterns that have been made, and sewing headscarves with various existing patterns. After the stitches are finished, then an examination of the results of the stitches so that they are suitable for sale and market. Keywords: Bunsur Village, home industry, sewing training, hijab  ABSTRAKProgram pelatihan keterampilan menjahit jilbab dipandang sebagai sebuah skill pendidikan yang strategis untuk dilaksanakan bagi wanita karena menjahit jilbab dapat diaplikasikan untuk kebutuhan sendiri ataupun menjadi usaha sampingan. Keterampilan ini bila dilatih dan dikuasai dengan baik dapat menjadi bentuk usaha yang dapat membantu perekonomian keluarga dan penciptaan lapangan kerja bagi masyarakat. Kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat desa ini dilaksanakan di Desa Bunsur Kecamatan Sungai Apit Kabupaten Siak Propinsi Riau dengan khalayak sasarannya adalah Ibu-ibu rumah tangga desa tersebut. Mereka diberi pengetahuan dasar dalam memilih bahan untuk jilbab. Kemudian diadakan pelatihan keterampilan, mulai cara membuat pola pet dan jilbab, memotong kain sesuai dengan pola yang sudah dibuat, dan menjahit jilbab dengan bermacam pola yang telah ada. Setelah jahitan selesai, kemudian dilakukan pemeriksaan terhadap hasil jahitan sehingga layak untuk dijual dan dipasarkan. Kata Kunci: Desa Bunsur, home industri, pelatihan menjahit, jilbab

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